Electronic Structure of the Atom Flashcards
(38 cards)
nodes
empty spaces between subshells
S subshell
in all 7 pel, 1 orbital, max 2 electrons
P subshell
2-7 pel, 3 orbitals, max 6 electrons
d subshell
3-7 pel, 5 orbitals, max 10 electrons
f subshell
3-5 pel, 7 orbitals, max 14 electrons
S subshell shape
shperical
p subshell shape
dumbbell
d subshell shape
dumbbell and spherical
f subshell
dumbbell and spherical
electron configurations
short hand configurations used to indicate the location of electrons in an atom
valence electrons
electrons found in the outer most principle energy level
orbital energy diagrams
indicate the location of electrons as well as the energy of the electron
hybridization
occurs when electrons shift to higher or lower orbitals
elements that hybridize naturally
carbon, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten?
Aufbau principle
electrons enter orbitals with the lowest energy first
Pauli Exclusion Principle
no two electrons in any atom may have the same set of quantum numbers; therefore electrons within the same orbitals must have opposite spins
Hund’s Rule
within a subshell; one electron will enter each orbital with parallel spins before pairing will begin
electronegativity
the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
Why does the electronegativity of an atom increase as you go up and across on the periodic table?
because as the number of protons increase down the group, the attractions decreases with distance
electron shielding
when the valence electrons never feel the full force of the protons (attractive forces)
ionization energy
the energy required to remove a valence electron
What is the relationship between the atomic radius and the periodic table?
It increases as you go down and across from right to left.
light
electromagnetic waves, which travel through a vacuum at a rate of 3.0x10^10 cm/sec
How do you calculate frequency?
Frequency = # of waves (cycles) / second
