Electronic Theory Pt.1 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the significance of Heisenberg and Schrödinger in atomic theory?
They found mathematical solutions to electronic energy levels, forming the basis of quantum mechanics.
What are shells and subshells in atomic theory?
Shells are energy levels around the nucleus; subshells (orbitals) are divisions within shells that hold electrons.
How many electrons can the 1st energy level hold, and in what orbital?
2 electrons in the 1s spherical orbital.
What orbitals make up the 2nd energy level and how many electrons can it hold?
One 2s and three 2p orbitals, total of 8 electrons.
Describe the shape and orientation of p orbitals.
Barbell-shaped, aligned along x, y, and z axes (px, py, pz).
What is the Aufbau Principle?
Electrons fill lower energy levels before occupying higher ones.
What is electronegativity?
An atom’s ability to attract electrons in a bond.
Which element is most electronegative among F, O, N, C, B, Be, and Li?
Fluorine (F).
What kind of bond is formed by electron transfer?
Ionic bond.
Describe how a lithium atom bonds with fluorine.
Li loses an electron to F, forming Li⁺ and F⁻ ions, which attract electrostatically.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed by sharing two electrons between atoms.
What is a polar covalent bond?
A covalent bond where electrons are unequally shared due to different electronegativities.
