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Chemistry Exam 1 > Elements > Flashcards

Elements Flashcards

1
Q
  • highly flammable
    -used in the hindenburg airship with thermite painted on the outside
  • powers nuclear fusion in stars
    -exists as a diatomic gas
  • fuel cells
A

Hydrogen

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2
Q

-Lightest of all the metals
-nuclear reactions
-pharmaceuticals

A

lithium

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3
Q

-Table salt
-street lights-yellow/orange

A

Sodium

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4
Q

-Detergents
-Glass
-pharmaceuticals

A

potassium

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5
Q

-little commercial value
-used in old cathode tubes
-[harmaceuticals

A

rubidium

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6
Q

-used in atomic clocks (lose 1 second in a million years)
-DHS worries about dirty bombs (misplaced russian warheads)

A

Cesium

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7
Q

-no commercial usage
-highly radioactive
-no weighable sample has ever existed

A

Francium

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8
Q

-used in X-ray tubes
-non-sparking hammers
-single most toxic element

A

Beryllium

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9
Q

-7th most abundant element
-used in fireworks & incendiary bombs
-used in commercial ladders
-pharmaceuticals

A

Magnesium

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10
Q

-5th most abundant element
-pharmaceuticals
-mortar/concrete

A

Calcium

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11
Q

-Used as an x-ray blocker in tv and computer screens
- given off by the decay of uranium
-used in nuclear weapons
-strontium carbonate used in fireworks
-DHS concern - dirty bombs

A

Strontium

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12
Q

-limited commercial use by itself
-compound used as a rat poison

A

Barium

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13
Q

-heaviest alkaline earth element
-used in cancer treatment
-Used to make luminous paint for watch faces

A

Radium

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14
Q

-compound used in tank and body
-borax mineral
-mined in death valley

A

Boron

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15
Q

-3rd most abundant element in the earth’s crust
-used in pans, containers, aircraft
-good conductor of elect, 65% as good as copper

A

Aluminum

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16
Q

-Liquid just above room temp
-will melt in your hands
-semi-conductor
-LED components
- 67 used in nuclear medicine

A

Gallium

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17
Q

-Semi-conductors
-liquid crystal displays
-solar cells
-touchscreen technology

A

Indium- In

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18
Q

-rat poison
-photocells
-ringworm treatment
-nuclear medicine
-mimic potassium in the body, but highly poisonous

A

thallium

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19
Q

-non-metal
-makes up all living things
-radioactive dating of materials

A

Carbon

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20
Q

-2nd most abundant element in earth’s crust
-metalloid
-glass
-semi-conductors with boron or phosphorus
-solar panels/ cells

A

Silicon

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21
Q

-metalloid
-lenses - microscopes, camera
-used as a semi-conductor
-used in fiber optic cables

A

germanium

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22
Q

-one of the first metals used by humans
-one of the 1st super conductors at 3.72 K
-used in ceramics
-used in pweter with copper and bismuth

A

Tin

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23
Q

-metal
-very fine glass
-bullets
-batteries
-water and sewage pipes
-paint -outlawed in the U.S

A

Lead

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24
Q

-78% of the earth’s atmosphere
-found in many explosives

A

nitrogen

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25
Q

-white-military
-red-matchbooks and flares
-DNA and RNA

A

Phosphorus

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26
Q

-contaminate in drinking water
-one of the older pesticides
-rat poison - husband poison
-semi-conductors
-syphilis & trypanosomiasis treatment

A

Arsenic

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27
Q

-Symbol from the mineral stribium or stibnite’
- used in safety matches
-used as flame retardant for PVC pipe

A

Antimony

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28
Q

-Replacement for lead in compounds
-used in antacids for ulcer treaments
-used in fire alarms

A

bismuth

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29
Q

-required for life
-most important & most abundant element
-medical use

A

oxygen

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30
Q

-non-metal
-protein bonding
-gunpowder
-yellow color, blue flame when burning

A

Sulfur

31
Q

-Photocells
-Photography
-Photocopiers
-small amounts in diet protect against cancer

A

Selenium

32
Q

-rare element
-blasting caps
-waste product in refining gold

A

Tellurium

33
Q

-discovered by Madam Curie
-27 known isotopes (most of any elements
-photography film brushes

A

Polonium

34
Q

-smallest and most reactive of the halogens
-toothpaste
-added to drinking water to improve dental health
-non-stick pans

A

Flourine

35
Q

-used as a disinfectant in pools
-used as a poisonous gas in WWI (Iraq used it against the Kurds)

A

Chlorine

36
Q

-Liquid in at room temperature
-insecticides
-used as a gasoline additive
extremely toxic

A

Bromine

37
Q

-need for production of thyroid hormones
-commonly found in table salt

A

Iodine

38
Q

-rarest naturally occurring element
-20 known isotopes are radioactive
-may be taken up by the thyroid gland

A

Astatine

39
Q

-2nd most abundant element in the universe
-Airships & balloons

A

Helium

40
Q

-It form no known compounds with other elements
-Produces orange-red light when electricity is applied

A

Neon

41
Q

-First noble gas discovered
-welding applications
-gas between window panes
-produces purple light when electricity is applied

A

Argon
`

42
Q

-Used in lighting
-produces a pale violet color when electricity is applied

A

Krypton

43
Q

-Can for compounds with fluorine and oxygen
-used in radiation detection equipment
-Produces blue green light when electricity is applied

A

Xenon

44
Q

-Heaviest gases and health risk
-used in cancer treatment
-radioactive decay - alpha particles

A

Radon

45
Q

-fused with other metals like aluminum for aircraft

A

Scandium

46
Q

-Structural material for rockets & jet engine
-pigment in paints, plastics & paper

A

Titanium

47
Q
  • used as an additive in steel production
    catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid
A

Vanadium

48
Q
  • used in the production of stainless steel
  • stable green paint pigment
    -Chrome plating
    -most of these compounds are toxic
A

Chromium

49
Q

-Us has virtually no source or this but is found in south africa
-Hardening steel - railroad track etc.

A

Manganese

50
Q
  • Most abundant element on the earth
  • found in red blood cells
A

Iron

51
Q
  • Corrosion inhibitor
    -trace element found in meat and dairy
A

Cobalt

52
Q
  • used in the plating of steel
  • used in U.S coins for a time
A

Nickel

53
Q
  • used in plumbing and electrical industry
    -used as a pesticide in grapes
    -toxic in high levels - inhibits nerve function
A

Copper

54
Q

-Used to galvanize metals - water pipes
-U.S pennies since 1981
-used to make brass with copper

A

Zinc

55
Q
  • Moon rocks contain a high content of this element
A

Yttrium

56
Q
  • durable metal resistant to high temps and corrosion
    -major use is in nuclear reactors
A

Zirconium

57
Q

-Used in nuclear magnetic resonance scanners
- used in the construction of nuclear reactors
- added to steel to allow steel to withstand higher temps

A

Niobium

58
Q
  • not found naturally on earth, but in some stars
  • 19 known isotopes technetium
  • used in nuclear medicine
A

Technetium

59
Q

-by product of refining platinum ore
- catalyst for industrial reactions
- used in electrical circuits

A

Ruthenuium

60
Q
  • Salts of this element have a red color
  • used to harden platinum
    -used as an industrial catalyst
  • automotive headlight reflectors
A

Rhodium

61
Q
  • Catalyst in industrial reactions
  • used in catalytic converts in automobiles
A

palladium

62
Q
  • used in jewelry and utensils
  • is the best conductor of heat and electricity
  • tooth fillings in dentistry
A

Silver

63
Q
  • added to steel “moly steel” automotives and aircrafts
A

Molybdenum

64
Q
  • Electroplating steel for corrosion resistance
  • toxic kidney problems and hypertension
  • Nickel cadmium batteries
A

Cadmium

65
Q
  • Chemically identical to zirconium
    – extremely corrosion resistant
  • used in nuclear reactor ccontrol rods
A

hafnium

66
Q
  • similar chemically to platinum and often used instead
  • used in artificial hip joints and replacing portions of the skull
  • electrolytic capactors found in cell phones
A

Tantalum

67
Q
  • Originally known as wolfram thus the W for a sumbol
  • manufacture of filaments for light blubs
  • used TIG welding with argon gas
  • Industrial cutting tools
A

Tungsten

68
Q
  • one of the rarest elements
  • fabrications of switch contacts and electrodes
    q
A

Rhenium

69
Q
  • one of the densest elements
  • alloyed with other metals to produce : switch contacts, phonographic needles and fountain pin tips
A

Osmium

70
Q
  • Alloyed with other metals to produce hypodermic needles
  • Touch screens of computers and cell phones
A

Iridium

71
Q
  • found in catalytic converts on vehicles
  • use in the petroleum industry, dentistry, jewelry and ceramics
  • recent research shows it inhibit cancerous tumor growth
A

Platinum

72
Q
  • used in jewelry industry
    used in dentistry
  • electronics - many computer boards have gold connections
A

Gold

73
Q
  • only metal that is liquid at room temperature
    -used in therometers and old temperature control units
  • treatment of syphilis
A

mercury

Chemistry Exam 1 (4 decks)

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