elements and atoms

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemically into other substances

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

smallest component of an element that retains all of the properties of that element

Question 4

All atoms contain…

Answer 4

protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 5

Proton

Answer 5

positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus

Question 6

The charge of a proton is…

Answer 6

+1

Question 7

The mass of both protons and neutrons is…

Answer 7

1 amu

Question 8

Neutron

Answer 8

particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus

Question 9

Electron

Answer 9

negatively charged particle that travels around the nucleus

Question 10

The charge of an electron is…

Answer 10

-1

Question 11

A higher energy level means that…

Answer 11

the electron is further away from the nucleus

Question 12

AMU is

Answer 12

Atomic Mass Unit

Question 13

Protons and electrons ___ each other out

Answer 13

balance

Question 14

Molecules

Answer 14

2 or more atoms that form a chemical bond

Question 15

Molecules form when…

Answer 15

atoms share electrons to gain a full octet

Question 16

Is water a compound or molecule?

Answer 16

Both

Question 17

Compound

Answer 17

at least 2 different types of atoms form a chemical bond

Question 18

Atomic mass/mass number

Answer 18

number of protons and neutrons (written in top left)

Question 19

Atomic number

Answer 19

number of protons

Question 20

Atomic number explains…

Answer 20

the reactions of atoms when combined

Question 21

Different elements have…

Answer 21

different melting points and boiling points

Question 22

Isotopes

Answer 22

same element with same number of protons, but different number of neutrons

Question 23

Radioactive

Answer 23

nucleus decays over time, making atom unstable

Question 24

Octet rule

Answer 24

atoms want to have full valence electron shells, usually 8 (depending on last energy level)

Question 25

Chemical bond

Answer 25

attractive forces that hold atoms together, which consists of ionic and covalent bonds

Question 26

Ionic bonds

Answer 26

electrons are taken and given between atoms

Question 27

Covalent bonds

Answer 27

electrons are shared between atoms

Question 28

Both ionic and covalent bonds are...

Answer 28

intramolecular

Question 29

Polar

Answer 29

one atom of a molecule is positive, while the other is negative (cause by electrons spending more time with one than the other)

Question 30

Non-polar

Answer 30

both atoms of a molecule are the same charge (electrons spend equal amounts of time with each)

Question 31

Ion

Answer 31

atom that loses or gains electrons

Question 32

Cation

Answer 32

loses electrons (positive charge), usually metals

Question 33

Anion

Answer 33

gains electrons (negative charge), usually nonmetals

Question 34

Hydrogen bond

Answer 34

attraction between polar molecules where hydrogen is bonded to oxygen, flourine or nitrogen

Question 35

Hydrophobic interactions

Answer 35

tendency of nonpolar molecules in a polar solvent to interact

Question 36

Polarity

Answer 36

seperation of charge on opposite sides of a molecule

Question 37

Cohesion

Answer 37

attraction between positive atom in a polar molecule and a negative atom above the molecule (causes them to stick and form "drops", ex. H2O)

Question 38

Surface Tension

Answer 38

cohesion between adjacent molescules that causes the liquid to stick to the side of the solid it is placed in; also causes tightness of water (meaning that organisms can stick on it)

Question 39

Surfactant

Answer 39

substances that reduce surface tension by increasing the spreading/wetness of water

Question 40

Hydrophilic

Answer 40

attracted to water, typically soluble in it; occurs at the head of a surfactant

Question 41

Hydrophobic

Answer 41

insoluble in water; occurs at the tail of a surfactant, where fatty material is present

Question 42

Properties of water are...

Answer 42

attraction to polar molecules, high specific heat (high energy to raise temperature), high heat of vaporization, lower density of ice than water and high polarity

Question 43

Water is called the "universal solvent" because...

Answer 43

it dissolves the more substances than any other liquid