Elements, Molceules And Cells Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the smallest unit of an element ?
An Atom
What do do atoms consist of?
Nucleus and surrounding electrons
How any elements are known to make up a living organism?
26
What is a covalent bond?
A bond when two atoms share an electron
What are Ions
When compounds carry an electrical charge
What is Biochemistry?
The Branch of science concerned with chemicals and physio-chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms
Describe characterisitcs of Carbohydrates?
Contain at least 2 hydroxyl groups
A part of every building block of nucleic acid
Assist in recognising molecules
Great source of energy
Monomers of a Carbohydrates? Explain?
Monosaccharide - simplest carbohydrate
Oligosaccharides - 2-10 monosaccharides linked covalently
Disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides linked covalently/glycosydic
Polysaccharides - More than 10 monosaccharides
Are Myosin thick or thin?
Thick
Are Actin thick or thin?
Thin
What are the basics of the sliding filament theory?
Thick and thin filaments overlap, the more the contraction the more the overlap, therefore it shortens.
What are the most abundant elements in a living organism ?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
What are the 26 elements of a living organism?
Oxygen (O)
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Nitrogen (N).
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorous (P),
Potassium (K)
Sulphur (S)
Sodium (Na),
Chlorine (Cl)
Magnesium (Mg)
Iron (Fe)
Aluminium (Al),
Boron(B)
Chromium (Cr)
Cobalt (Co)
Copper (Cu)
Fluorine (F)
Iodine (I)
Manganese (Mn),
Molybdenum (Mo)
Selenium (Se)
Silicon (Si),
Tin (Sn)
Vanadium (V)
Zinc (Zn).
Major structures of a cell with basic functions? (11)
Chromatin
Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum - Synthesis and Storage
Golgi apparatus - Secretion
Lysosome - Breakown
Mitochondria - Powerhouse
Nucleus - DNA
Nucleolus - rRNA
Nuclear envelope
Plasma membrane - Synthesis and Storage
Ribosomes
The atomic number refers to what?
Number of protons
What differs a organic molecule from inorganic?
Presence of carbon
What are reaction governed by and what does this mean?
Reactions are governed by principle of mass conservation which means atoms are rearranged, not lost or gained
What is pH?
An important determinant of chemical reactions, it describes conc of protons/H+ in a solution
Main biological substances we cover?
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbs
Lipids
Water
Ions eg Sodium, Potassium, Calcium
role of NAD+ in aerobic/anaerobic metabolism?
Aerobic - NAD+ acts as coenzyme accepting electrons forming/reducing into NADH which is used in ETC to generate ATP
Anaerobic - Regenerates NADH to maintain flow of glycolysis when there is absence of o2, instead of donating H+ in ETC it donates to pyruvate forming NAD+ and LA/Ethanol and Co2
What is the role of lactic acid during exercise ?
When oxygen levels are low and glycolysis cant continue, lactic acid can be converted into pyruvate without oxygen, via lactate dehydeorgenase to allow continued production of ATP
What are the major energy consumers in skeletal muscle?
Myosin and Calcium ATPase
How is the reservoir of Ca2+ maintained in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
via the Ca2+ ATPase pump
At rest, what is the role of the S1 subunit of Myosin?
Hydrolysis of ATP
