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Flashcards in elevated mood Deck (28)
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1
Q

Is elevated mood in itself pathological?

A

No, in combo with other signs/symptoms may be

2
Q

In what psychiatric disorder does elevated mood almost always occur with?

A

bipolar affective disorder

- but other disorders also feature it

3
Q

What are the 5 different states of elevated mood?

A
¥	Hypomania
¥	Mania without psychotic symptoms
¥	Mania with psychotic symptoms
¥	Mixed affective state
¥	Cyclothymia
4
Q

describe the speech assoc. with elevated mood

A

fast/pressurised/flight of ideas/incomprehensable speech

5
Q

describe energy levels assoc. with elevated mood

A

excessive/overactivity/descreased need for sleep

6
Q

describe the thought content assoc. with elevated mood

A

grandiose/self-confident/delusions of wealth, power, influence
religious significance
sometimes can be persecutory

7
Q

describe the cognition assoc. with elevated mood

A

disturbance of registration of memories

8
Q

describe physical symptoms assoc with elevated mood

A

insomnia/mild-mod. weight loss/increase libido/ severe sustained physical activity/self neglect/dehydration

9
Q

describe behavior assoc with elevated mood

A

disinhibition/increase in sexual activity/excessive drinking and spending/distractable/risk taking/aggression

10
Q

describe typical hallucinations assoc. elevated mood

A

fleeting auditory

11
Q

What is mixed affective state?

A
A mixed (affective) state, also known as a "mixed episode" or, depending on the prominent "polarity," dysphoric mania or agitated depression, is a condition during which features of mania and depression—such as agitation, anxiety, fatigue, guilt, impulsiveness, irritability, morbid or suicidal ideation, panic, paranoia, pressured speech and rage—occur simultaneously or in very short succession.
•	A defining feature of bipolar I disorder
12
Q

What is hypomania?

A
no psychosis/milder symptoms in general
mild elevation of mood
Feelings of wellbeing and efficacy
increase in energy and activity
sometimes irritable
some disturbance of function
13
Q

Describe main differences between hypomania and mania?

A

Hypomania:

  • lasts shorter time
  • less severe
  • no psychotic features
  • less disability
  • not hospitalised
14
Q

Describe the difference between hypomania and happiness

A

persistance - it is persistant
non- reactive - no provoked by good news or affected by bad
causes a social disability

15
Q

how to diagnose bipolar affective disorder?

A

2+ episodes of mania +/- depression

hypomania for bipolar 2

16
Q

What is bipolar 1 disorder and prevalence?

A

prevalence - 1%
-manic or mixed episodes lasting 7 days or more
or
-manic symptoms so severe need for hospital care immediately

usually depressive episodes occur too lasting usually 2+wks

17
Q

What is bipolar 2 disorder and prevalence?

A

prevalence - 1.5-5%

-pattern of depressive and hypomanic episodes, not full blown mania

18
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

mild form of bipolar:

  • episodes of hypomania and mild depression for at least 2 years
  • persistant instability of mood
  • need prolonged observation or good account of past behavior
19
Q

What is rapid cycling bipolar disorder?

A

SEVERE form bipolar disorder

  • 4+ episodes in 1 year
  • may be interspersed with some wellness
  • cycling may take place in days/weeks/months
20
Q

what is the mean age onset and M:F ratio bipolar disorder

A

Mean age: 21yo

M:F 1:1

21
Q

Describe the aetiology of bipolar disorder

A
Individual vulnerability factors:
-genetics (1st deg. relative = 7fold risk)
Current factors:
- stressors/life events
-sleep deprivation
-drugs
-childbirth
-physical illness
22
Q

what is the prognosis for bipolar disorder?

A

median length of untreated episode - 3mths
frequency of episodes increase in 1st 10 years
12-15% lifetime risk suicide

23
Q

Describe 5 main causes for elevated mood?

A

1: organic
2: psychotic
3: affective (mood)
4: neurotic (anxiety)
5: personality

24
Q

What organic causes are there for elevated mood?

A
Neurological e.g. brain tumour
Endocrine e.g. hyperthyroid
inflammatory causes e.g. SLE
infective causes e.g. neurosyphillis
sleep disorder e.g. sleep deprivation
medication e.g. STEROIDS
drugs e.g. dexamphetamine (speed)
25
Q

what psychotic causes are there for elevated mood?

A

Schizoaffective disorder

26
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

A disorder in which the individual suffers from both symptoms that qualify as schizophrenia and symptoms that qualify as a mood disorder (e.g., depression or bipolar disorder) for a substantial portion (but not all) of the active period of the illness; for the remainder of the active period of the illness, the individual suffers from delusions or hallucinations in the absence of prominent mood symptoms.
Mental disorder characterized by the presence of both affective disorder and schizophrenia-like symptoms.
(some sx of schizophrenia/affective disorder but insufficient to justify either diagnosis)

27
Q

What developmental disorder is assoc. with elevated mood?

A

ADHD

28
Q

What kind of psychotic symptoms are experienced during an episode of mania with psychotic symptoms?

A
  • mood congruent delusions – often grandiose/religious/suspicious
  • mood congruent hallucinations e.g. a voice saying they’re incredibly important
  • mood incongruent symptoms