Neutralizes existing avid by increasing stomach pH without decreasing HCl production. - Sx relief only - Unscheduled 2 hours post/pre other PO meds

Bulk forming laxative - Must take w/ water - Onset: 1-2 days

Saline + Osmotic laxative - Best for pre-procedure - Fast onset: 1-3 hrs - Contraindication: lactose intolerance

Saline + Osmotic laxative - Best for pre-procedure - Fast onset: 1-3 hrs

Elimination Flashcards by Rebecca Le

What is the main function of the small intestines? Large intestine?

SI: Absorption of nutrients
LI: Reabsorption of water

- Vit B + K synthesis

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Describe the positive feedback of HCl.

Gastrin secreted by G-cells….

> > Production of HCl acid (by parietal cells)&raquo_space; Proton pump releases HCl (mediated by H, K, ATPase)

> > Histamine&raquo_space; binds to H2 receptors (stim. by parietal cells)&raquo_space; Increases HCl production

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Foveolar or Goblet cells secrete ______.

Mucous, HCO3

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Anatacid

Neutralizes existing avid by increasing stomach pH without decreasing HCl production.

Sx relief only
Unscheduled

**2 hours post/pre other PO meds

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What 2 drug classes does Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) belong to?

Antacid
S/e: diarrhea
Saline/Osmotic laxative
- Best for pre-procedure
- 1-3 hours (fast onset)

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Bismuth Subsalicylate
(Pepto-Bismol)
- 3 drug classes

Antacid
Anti-infective
Anti-diarrheal

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How do PPIs differ from H2-receptors?

PPI has higher efficacy + longer t1/2.

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Ranitdine (Zantac)

Selectively inhibits H2-receptor to decrease HCl production (H2-receptor blocker)

*Doesn’t cross BBB = no drowsiness

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Complications of diarrhea

Electrolyte imbalance
Dehydration
Malabsorption

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Opioids

S/e
Contraindications?

Antidiarrheal

S/e: CNS depression
Contraindication: pregnancy, drug abuse

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Lomotil (dyphenosylate)

Atropine (Antidiarrheal)

Low dose: OTC
High dose: Rx

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Imodium (Loperamide HCl)

- Meperidine + atropine

Atropine (Antidiarrheal)

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Metamucil

Bulk forming laxative

Must take w/ water
Onset: 1-2 days

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Lactulose

Saline + Osmotic laxative

Best for pre-procedure
Fast onset: 1-3 hrs
Contraindication: lactose intolerance

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GoLytely

Saline + Osmotic laxative

Best for pre-procedure
Fast onset: 1-3 hrs

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Ducolax; Senna; Castor oil

Stimulant laxative
**Not first choice for constipation + pre-surgery

S/e: N+V, cramping

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Colace (Docusate sodium)

When is it mainly used?

Softener (laxative)

*Mainly used for post-MI + surgery
Decreases straining

Mineral oil; Glycerine

Laxatives

Lubrication
Supplementary tx

Cathartics Enema

A pre-procedural bowel preparation that expands the bowel for fast evacuation

Have pt lie on their LS

Gasex

Tx: bloating

Gravol (dimenhydrinate + cholortheophyline) 
Ginger gravol (OD s/e??)

H1 antagonist

Ginger gravol OD:

Bleeding
CNS depression

Tx for motion/morning sickness; Nausea

Reduces vestibular excitation.

H1 antagonists
Antimuscarinic anticolinergics

Tx for drug-induced pain; Chemo/visceral pain

5HT3 (serotonin) antagonists

Tx for GI pain

Phenothiazines (D2-receptor antagonism) - stimulates GI motility

Tx for Chemo/Chronic disease

Cannabinoids (CB 1, CB 2 agonism) - binds to receptor that stimulates GABA

Dramamine (Meclizine)

H1 antagonist

Diclectin (doxylamine + pyridoxine hydrochloride)

H1 antagonist | **For pregnant women

Scopolamine (Hyoscine)

Antimuscarinic anticholinergic - Has some affinity to H1-receptors

Ondansetron (Zofran) | - What is its drug schedule?

5HT3 antagonism | - Rx only!

Metoclopramide (Maxeran, Reglan) - s/e? - Drug schedule?

Phenothiazines (D2-receptor antagonism) s/e: sedation - Rx only

Prochlorperzine (Stemetil) - s/e? - Drug schedule?

Phenothiazines (D2-receptor antagonism) s/e: sedation - Rx only

Dronabinol (Marinol); Cesamet/Nabilone; | Cannabis

Cannaboids

Traveler's Diarrhea - Tx and PK?

Diarrheal condition usually caused by bacteria. Tx: Ciprofloxacin - 70% bioavailability - Directly binds to bacteria in GI - t1/2 = 4 hours

C. difficle - Type of infection? - Clinical presentations? - Tx?

Destroys intestinal lining by releasing Toxin A (enterotoxin) and Toxin B (cytotoxin). - HAI (esp. in elderly) Presentations: * *Bloody diarrhea w/ pus - Fever - Ab. pain Tx: 1st line: FLAGYL (Metronidazole) 2nd line: VANCOMYCIN

Tenesmus

The feeling of incomplete defecation

Dysentery

Bloody diarrhea

IBS - Triggers?

Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome - CNS dysregulation of normal motility Triggers: stress, menstruation, diet, food intolerances S+S: - Ab pain, discomfort, cramping, bloating, diarrhea/constipation

Fecal impaction

A procedure that removes a mass of stool. | If not removed , can cause partial/complete bowel obstruction

Hirschsprung Disease

Congenital disease that causes issues w/ peristalsis in GI. - D/t parasympathetic ganglion n. cells (responsible for bowel mvt) in the wall of colon not developing before birth

Paralytic ileus

"Pseudo-obstruction" - Impaired bowel motor activity w/o physical obstruction. - Often d/t surgery

What are factors that affect constipation?

1. Diet | 2. Perstalsis