Elizabeth

Question 1

Abroad situation

Answer 1

Spain: needed to remain allies due to France

France: settlement was needed

Scotland: French ally

Netherlands: under Spanish (catholic) control

Question 2

Home situation

Answer 2

House of commons: Protestant

House of Lords: Catholic

Privy council: Protestant

Population: catholic (due to Mary)- Marian exiles were returning

Question 3

Church situation

Answer 3

Clergy: catholic

Government: woman as the head (!)

Organisation: hierarchy remained unchanged

Doctrine: Catholics wanted to retain their traditional belief system

Question 4

Local challenge-

Prophesings

Answer 4

1570’s
Meetings involving Puritans and members of the clergy to discuss the Bible and preaching technique.
Elizabeth saw them as treason plots and ordered them to be suppressed- didn’t stop them.
= success- continued to use them as a platform

Question 5

Catholic threat

Babington Plot

Answer 5

1586
A plot to assassinate Elizabeth by catholic cousin Mary
Wahlsingham intercepted a letter revealing this which showed Mary’s involvement.
Mary was sentenced to death and executed in 1587
= not a major threat as it was controlled

Question 6

Local challenge

Classic Presbyterianism

Answer 6

1580s
Secret network of groups discussing scripture and now to reorganize the church and government in co-ordance with Calvinist principles.
Direct challenge to Elizabeth
= uniformity was ordered within the church- 300-400 priests removed

Question 7

Puritan challenge-

Thomas Cartwright’s teaching

Answer 7

1570
Cartwright used his position at Cambridge to teach that the role of Bishops in the settlement didn’t reject the Bible.
Cartwright’s academic freedom of speech was removed along with hi professorship (John Whitgift)
= failure- however a warning

Question 8

Puritan challenge

Anthony Cope’s Bill and Book

Answer 8

1586
Cope proposed the removal of the Book of Common Prayer and the authority of Bishops.
Replace with the Genevan prayer book- Cope was sent to the tower.
Mp’s said that the monastic land would be returned
= failure- however puritans realised that there were other ways to protest/ challenge - serious challenge

Question 9

Puritan challenge

Admonition to parliament

Answer 9

1572
Field and Wilcox published an attack, criticising the settlements links to catholic hierarchy and structure as the doctrine wasn’t protestant enough.
= success- wide readership
= failure- they were imprisoned and printing press was destroyed

Question 10

Puritan challenge-

Walter Strickland’s proposal

Answer 10

1571
introduced a bill to reform/ remove the book of common prayer (included catholic practices)
Strickland was banned from the House by Privy Council- bill was never heard of again.
= failure

Question 11

Puritan challenge-

Vestment controversy

Answer 11

1566
Mathew Parker issued advertisements in response to the wearing of vestments - 39 articles
Believed the vestments were too showy for puritans.
37 priests were sacked by Elizabeth- she insisted on the continuation of correct dress being worn.
= failure

Question 12

Religion

Royal injunctions

Answer 12

Clergy to wear distinctive dress (catholic) and allowed to marry

Singing was encouraged

Question 13

Religion

Administration

Answer 13

Bishops retained original function- appointed by the Queen

Question 14

Religion

Act of Supremacy

Answer 14

1559
Named herself ‘Supreme Governor of Church of England

Clergy had to take an oath to her

Heresy law repealed

Communication in both kinds allowed

Question 15

Religion

Settlement - dissatisfied

Answer 15

Bowing at the name of Christ, kneeling for communion, the signing of the cross, vestments- all Catholics

Many disliked the position of Bishops and how they were elected by the Queen

Therefore the settlement looked Catholic, thought Protestant

Question 16

Religion

Act of uniformity

Answer 16

1559
Book of Common Prayer used by communion in both

Compulsory attendance at church

Black rubric omitted (transubstantiation)

Question 17

Elizabeth

Successful in parliament

Answer 17

She never faced a strong parliamentry force against her- political relationships = harmonious and productive.

Most Mp’s weren’t bothered by Elizabeth’s decisions in parliament because they were more focused on local area.

The areas of debate in parliament were religion, marriage, succession, finance and the economy.

Question 18

Elizabeth

Control

Answer 18

Influenced the council through her choice of Mps
Never compromised her Royal Prerogative
Privy council set agendas for debates- influenced by her
Held the power to veto and delay bills
She had an appointed speaker to introduce debates
She only called parliament 13 times in her reign of 45 years

Question 19

Mary Queen of Scotts

Answer 19

When Mary arrived in England it posed as a serious threat to Elizabeth (1568) mainly die to her claim to throne, as many believed Elizabeth to be illegitimate.

Question 20

Elizabeth’s options in dealing with Mary

Answer 20

Getting her out of the country- allowing her to France or Scotland meant she could gain more support

Imprisonment- meant she was close and out of danger- unlawful imprisonment could provoke international outcry

Execution- remove the figurehead of Catholic challenge, could also provoke international attacks for killing a Queen.

Question 21

Separatists

Archbishops

Seditious Acts

Answer 21

Separatists: as a result of hundreds of ministers being removed, some puritans went underground

Archbishops: Parker 1559-75, Grindle 1575-83 Whitgift 1583-1604

Seditious acts: any act against the crown

Question 22

Consequences of execution (international)

Answer 22

France: wanted to maintain alliance with England due to Spanish threat.
Spain: already at war with England
Scotland: took no action due to King James VI being named as Elizabeth’s heir

English Catholics: remained loyal to Elizabeth

Question 23

Was Mary Queen of Scots a threat?

Yes

Answer 23

Her claim to the throne was as good as Elizabeth’s

She was a natural leader of English Catholics

The Papal Bill in 1570 continued Catholics Mary was rightful

Mary was willing participant in plots to overthrow Elizabeth

Question 24

Was Mary Queen of Scots a threat?

No

Answer 24

The English saw her as too foreign for their Queen

Majority of Catholics were still loyal to Elizabeth

Northern Rebellion had little popular support

France and Spain were distracted by own problem.

Most English were horrified by the plots to overthrow Elizabeth
Her secret service was too strong

Question 25

St.Bartholomew’s day massacre

Answer 25

1572
A targeted groups of assassinations in Paris and a wave of Catholic mob violence
Guise family assassinated
= major threat due to proximity to England

Question 26

Murder of William of Orange

Answer 26

1584
William of Orange was one and only of Elizabeth’s allies in Europe (Netherlands)
The abroad catholic threats brought home the reality for Elizabeth and led Elizabeth to properly imprison Mary and not under soft measures.
This led to Whalisingham’s interception of Babington Plot