Elizabeth Flashcards
(43 cards)
What was the social hierarchy in the eliza bethan period?
Nobility- Gentry- Yeomen- Tenant farmers- landless/working poor- homeless and beggars
What were some problems facing Elizabeth when she first became queen
- beleif that women couldnt rule well
- increasing povery due to taxation and poor harvests
- many thought she was illlegitimate
- corown was 30000 in debt
- ongoing war with france
Features of Elizabeths religeous settlement
- an attempt to quell religeous tensions
- act of supremacy- elizabeth is supreme govorner of church of england
- act of uniformity- protestnat is englands official religeon, set out rules for churches, prayer book contained some catholic traditions
- 8000/1000p priests took oath of supremecy but only 1 bishop- 27 new bishops appointed.
What were the parliament/ priivy council.
Parliament- lords + commons advised elizabthes govornment
Privy council: nobles chosen by elizabeth to govern country
What was religeon like in England?
Church of england- important part of life- 10% tax paid to church
England officialy catholic but heavily divided- reformation
Heuge tensions between catholics protestants and puritans
Relations between Mary and Elizabeth
Casket letters affair- letters found allegedly written by Mary which implocate her husbanfs murder
York conference (1569)- investigation of possible wrongdoing by Mary used Casket letter as evidnce
Puritan challnege to settlement
- refused to display catholic crucifix in churches
- refused to wear vestments
- wanted a stricter protestant church
Catholic challmege to settlement
- pope excommunicated elizabeth in 1570
- wanted counter reformation
- political threat posed by spain and france- 1562
- many nobility and gentry refused to attnd church
Who was Mary queen of scots?
- catholic queen of scotland
-Elizabeth’s cousin- legitimate - elizabeth sent money and troops for protestnat rebels in scotland- treaty of edinburgh 1560
- 1568- escaped prison and fled to england due to suspicion of killing husband.
Ridolfi plot (1571)
Roberto ridolphi(pope spy) raises troops to crown mary and Duke of Northolk. William cecil discovers and northolf excecuted
Throckmorton Plot (1583)
Duke of Guise plot to invade with spanish and papal support, walsimgham discovers letters semt to mary from throckmorton, 11000 catholic sympathisers imprisoned
Babington plot (1586)
Walsimgham intercepted letters from Babington to Mary about Duke of Guise invasion, mary excecuted oct 1586
Revolt of the northern earls (1569-70)
Catholicism strong in north and earls angry after loss of power and wanted to make mary queen. Spain didnt arrive rebels marched sputh but no spanish support- elizabeth kept support in South. Mary couldnt be trusted and elizabeth excommunicated.
Commercial rivalry between england and spain
England rivals spain in new world, 1577-1580- francis drake captured £400000 of spanish gold, spain controlled engkands main trade route to europe
Political and religeous rivalry between england and spain
England protestant and spain catholic. Philip 2nd involved in plots against Elizabeth. Elizabeth sent money to spansih rebels.
What were the reasons for exploration
New science of
transatlantic navigation
made sailing safer - maths,
quadrants, astrolabes
Printing maps + use of
longitude and latitude made
navigation more reliable
What were the consequences of the armada?
Victory cemented Elizabeth’s power + strength
Led to gradual decline of Spain’s empire
England emerged as strong naval power
Seen as a victory for protestantism
What was the Spanish invasion of england?
1588 - Philip II planned ‘Enterprise of England’ to invade +
overthrow Elizabeth - ordered 130-ship Armada to
transport Duke of Parma’s 27,000 troops from
Netherlands to England
How did english tactics help to stop the armada?
Superior tactics used by more experienced english leaders- chased into familiar territory of the channel.
Battle of gravelines - drakes fireships destroyed spanish ships and forced many to drift into north sea
What was the issue with spanish leaders?
Duke of parma and duke of medina sidonia unable to communicate
How were english ships better than spanish ships?
Faster and cannons fired more quickly
What was Francis Drake’s war with spain?
Elizabeth ordered Drake to spy on Spanish naval activity
April 1587 - Elizabeth ordered Drake to attack Spanish navy port at Cadiz, destroyed 30 ships
Attack known as ‘singeing the King of Spain’s beard’
set Armada preparations back a year
What was the primary role of education in society during this period?
Prepared people for life in their social class
Was schooling compulsory during this period?
No, very few attended
