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Elizabeth Flashcards

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1
Q

What was a significant factor in England’s naval victory against the Spanish Armada?

A

Weakness of the Spanish leadership and favorable weather conditions

Duke of Medina Sidonia was inexperienced, and England exploited opportunities presented by the weather.

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2
Q

Who were the key English naval leaders during the defeat of the Spanish Armada?

A

Harold of Effingham and Francis Drake

Both leaders played crucial roles in England’s naval strategies.

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3
Q

What was the impact of the capture of Cadiz on Philip II of Spain?

A

Humiliated Philip II and prevented Spanish merchant vessels from sailing into the West Indies

This attack provoked a cautious response from Philip.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Elizabeth’s foreign policy towards Spain was characterized by _______.

A

Harassment and lack of clear strategy.

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5
Q

What legislation did Elizabeth pass in response to the poor relief situation?

A

Statute of Artificers, Vagabonds Act, Poor Law Act, and the 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law Act

These laws aimed to improve the administration of poor relief and provide support for the deserving poor.

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6
Q

What was a major consequence of the execution of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587?

A

It marked the beginning of actual armed conflict between England and Spain

The execution was seen as a direct threat to Catholicism and provided Philip II with a pretext for the Armada.

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7
Q

What significant treaty did Elizabeth sign in 1585 with the Dutch?

A

Treaty of Nonsuch

This treaty marked a formal commitment to support the Dutch Protestant rebels against Spain.

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8
Q

True or False: By 1603, England’s trading activities had diversified significantly from those in 1558.

A

True.

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9
Q

What was the main export of England before 1558?

A

Cloth trade

This trade accounted for 75% of all exports and was primarily conducted with Antwerp.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The East India Company was established in _______.

A

1600.

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11
Q

What was a significant social change in England by 1603 compared to 1558?

A

Increased diversity in economic opportunities and social structures

The gentry class grew, and there was a notable rise in the consumer society among landowners and merchants.

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12
Q

What was the impact of the 1598 Act for the Relief of the Poor?

A

It established principles for poor relief that were finalized in the 1601 Act

This act aimed to provide jobs and secure apprenticeships for the poor.

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13
Q

What economic challenges did England face towards the end of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

Real wages fell, poor harvests led to a subsistence crisis, and there was a widening wage gap

The economic disparity became more pronounced between landowners and the lower classes.

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14
Q

True or False: The Northern Rebellion of 1569 was a successful attempt to overthrow Elizabeth.

A

False.

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15
Q

What was a reaction of Elizabeth’s government to the threat posed by plots against her?

A

Tightening of security and the establishment of the Bond of Association

This was a response to perceived threats from Catholic conspiracies.

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16
Q

What was the significance of the Throckmorton Plot in 1583?

A

It led to the creation of a spy network and heightened security measures against Catholic conspiracies

It demonstrated the seriousness of the threat posed by Catholic missions.

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17
Q

What was a major consequence of the Gold Bullion incident in 1568?

A

It created direct confrontation between English and Spanish forces

This incident significantly affected trade relations and escalated tensions.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: By 1603, the population of London was approximately _______.

A

150,000.

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19
Q

What was the significance of the Poor Act of 1576?

A

It was the first act to attempt to create a national system of relief for the poor.

The act aimed to finance and administer relief locally.

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20
Q

What did the Acts of 1597 and 1601 achieve?

A

They completed the process of poor relief and required parishes to appoint overseers of the poor.

This ensured efficient collection of poor relief.

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21
Q

What was the main aim of the Poor Laws during Elizabeth’s reign?

A

To prevent major disturbances and outbreaks of disorder by the poor.

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22
Q

What evidence did David Palliser provide regarding harvests?

A

He noted that 20% of all harvests were poor, particularly during the bad harvests of 1594-1597.

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23
Q

What was the impact of the growth of trade during Elizabeth’s reign?

A

Increased diversity and a wider range of foreign luxury goods became more affordable.

The success in developing trade with the Ottoman Empire in 1581 is an example.

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24
Q

True or False: England became a leader in exploration and trading opportunities by 1603.

A

False.

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25
What was the effect of the Statute of Artificers in 1563?
It mandated compulsory labor at harvest time and set maximum wage rates. ## Footnote It also enforced imprisonment for those refusing to contribute to poor relief.
26
What were the consequences of the Northern Rebellion?
It had powerful enemies and was led by the Northern nobility, but ultimately lacked organization and foreign support.
27
What was the role of Mary Queen of Scots in the challenges to Elizabeth's reign?
She was a figurehead for plots against Elizabeth and posed a significant internal threat.
28
What was the outcome of the Babington Plot in 1586?
It led to the execution of Mary Queen of Scots.
29
Fill in the blank: The Poor Act of 1576 aimed to create a national system of _______.
[relief for the poor]
30
What were the consequences of inflation during Elizabeth's reign?
It caused significant economic issues, linked to the collapse of the cloth industry and rising prices.
31
What was the primary reason for the decline of established towns like Stamford and Winchester?
Decay associated with corporations that were heavily dependent on the cloth industry.
32
What was the significance of the English victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588?
It was partly due to luck and weather conditions that favored the English fleet.
33
True or False: Elizabeth's foreign policy was characterized by aggression towards Spain.
False.
34
What was the outcome of the English attack on Spanish ships at Cadiz in April 1587?
It delayed the Spanish Armada by destroying 23 out of 27 ships.
35
What did Elizabeth's government do to stabilize the currency early in her reign?
They announced a scheme for the withdrawal of debased coins and replaced them with soundly minted coins.
36
What was the primary challenge faced by the Elizabethan government in addressing poverty?
The legislation was often a reaction to immediate problems rather than addressing root causes.
37
What was the effect of the Poor Laws by the end of Elizabeth's reign?
The central government had accepted responsibility for providing minimum subsistence.
38
What did the 1598 Act accomplish in terms of poor relief?
It completed the process of appointing overseers of the poor in parishes.
39
Fill in the blank: The Poor Laws remained largely intact for almost _______ years.
[250]
40
What was a significant negative impact of the economic conditions in England by 1603?
Increasing poverty and real wages fell.
41
What was the impact of the gentry size and wealth distribution during Elizabeth's reign?
The size of the gentry increased, leading to a wider gap between the rich and poor.
42
What was the primary reason for Elizabeth's reliance on privateers?
To harass the Spanish and take advantage of opportunities due to economic constraints.
43
What event marked Henry Tudor becoming King?
Battle of Bosworth on 22nd August 1485 ## Footnote This event led to Richard III's death and Henry's ascension to the throne.
44
What was significant about Henry's coronation?
Henry's coronation on 30th October 1485 reassured the country of his legitimacy as God's chosen ruler.
45
What did Henry do in his first Parliament?
He backdated his reign to 21st August 1485 and passed Acts of Attainder against 28 nobles.
46
What was the purpose of the Navigation Act passed in 1485?
To forbid Englishmen from loading goods onto foreign ships when English ships were available.
47
What was the outcome of the Lovell Rebellion in 1486?
It was a challenge to Henry's rule by a close ally of Richard III, but ultimately failed.
48
What was the significance of the Battle of Stoke Field in 1487?
It marked the end of the Wars of the Roses and eliminated threats to Henry's throne.
49
What was the Act of Resumption passed in 1486?
It returned all noble lands to the crown.
50
What did the Treaty of Medina Del Campo establish?
Mutual protection between England and Spain, a marriage alliance, and the recognition of Henry VII as King.
51
What was the significance of the Treaty of Etaples in 1492?
It resulted in France paying England 750,000 crowns and ceased support for Perkin Warbeck.
52
What was the Intercursus Magnus treaty of 1496?
It ended the trade embargo with Burgundy and allowed free trade.
53
What was the Cornish Rebellion of 1497 about?
It was a tax revolt against taxation for the war in Scotland.
54
What happened to Perkin Warbeck in 1499?
He was beheaded, eliminating a recurring threat to Henry's reign.
55
What was the significance of Prince Arthur's death in 1502?
It weakened relations with Spain and threatened the Tudor dynasty.
56
What was the purpose of the Retaining Act passed in 1504?
To require a special license for retaining and impose fines for illegal retention.
57
What was the role of Wolsey in Henry VIII's reign?
He became a chief minister and was influential in governance and church reform.
58
What was the Holy League that Henry VIII joined in 1511?
An alliance against France involving England, the Papacy, and other European powers.
59
What was the outcome of the Battle of Flodden in 1513?
James IV of Scotland was killed along with many of his nobles, significantly weakening Scotland.
60
What was the significance of the Treaty of Saint Germaine-en-Laye in 1514?
It secured English possession of Therouanne and Tournai and included a marriage alliance.
61
What did the Field of the Cloth of Gold signify?
A summit between England and France aimed at strengthening their alliance.
62
What was the significance of the 95 Theses published in 1517?
It marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation by criticizing church practices.
63
Fill in the blank: The Treaty of London in 1518 established a _______ pact between England, France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire.
non-aggression
64
What was Henry VIII's approach to foreign policy early in his reign?
Pursuit of peace with France.
65
True or False: The Spanish Armada was a direct result of Elizabeth's foreign policy mistakes.
True
66
What was the impact of the trade embargo lifted in 1574?
It indicated Elizabeth's awareness of poverty levels in England.
67
What did the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585 signify?
An alliance with the Dutch Protestant Rebels against Spain.
68
What was the consequence of the expulsion of the Sea Beggars from English ports?
It contributed to the deterioration of Anglo-Spanish relations.
69
Fill in the blank: Sir Francis Vere was made commander of the English forces in _______.
1589
70
What was the significance of the Pacification of Ghent in 1576?
It called for the expulsion of foreign troops and restoration of autonomy in the Netherlands.
71
What did the National Inquiry identify?
Enclosed lands and legal cases against landowners who enclosed without permission ## Footnote 74 defendants pleaded guilty.
72
What significant event did Martin Luther initiate in 1517?
The publication of the 95 Theses, attacking the church.
73
What was the Treaty of London (1518)?
A non-aggression pact between France, England, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire, made by Wolsey.
74
What was the purpose of the Field of Cloth of Gold in 1520?
To strengthen the peace alliance between England and France.
75
What was the amount of government expenditure recorded in 1520?
1.7 million.
76
What was the Treaty of Bruges in 1521?
An agreement between Henry VIII and Charles V to improve relations with the Pope and gain territory in France.
77
What significant survey did Wolsey organize in 1522?
A national survey to assess who could pay tax and how much.
78
What was the Amicable Grant in 1525?
A government commission to collect a levy from laity and clergy, leading to widespread unrest.
79
What was the outcome of the Battle of Pavia in 1525?
Imperial forces defeated the French, capturing Francis I.
80
What were the Eltham Ordinances of 1526 aimed at?
Reforming the finances of the Privy Council.
81
What was the significance of the Treaty of Westminster in 1527?
It established an Anglo-French alliance.
82
What was the impact of the Poor Harvests in 1527?
Increased food prices and caused riots.
83
What was the Collectanea Satis Copiosa of 1530?
A book presented to Henry that justified his annulment, asserting the English Church's authority under the monarchy.
84
What was the Act of Restraint of Appeals in 1533?
Stated that the monarch possessed imperial jurisdiction, limiting appeals to Rome.
85
What did the Act of Supremacy in 1534 declare?
Henry VIII became the supreme head of the Church of England.
86
What was the Treason Act of 1534?
Declared that calling the monarch a heretic was treason.
87
What was the Valour Ecclesiasticus of 1535?
A survey that discovered the wealth of the church to increase crown income.
88
What was the significance of the Act of Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries in 1536?
It dissolved monasteries with an income of £200 p.a.
89
What were the 10 Articles of 1536?
Rejected the 'Seven Sacraments' of Catholic Doctrine, affirming only three sacraments.
90
What did the Act of Six Articles in 1539 define?
The doctrine of the English Church, following Catholic teachings except for papal supremacy.
91
What was established by the Court of Augmentations in 1536?
To manage incomes from the dissolution of monasteries.
92
What was the Kings Book of 1543?
Revised the Bishop's Book, defending transubstantiation and the Six Articles.
93
What was the outcome of the English invasion of France in 1544?
Capture of Boulogne, but the plan failed due to lack of coordination.
94
What was the Chantries Act in 1547?
Revived the Act of Dissolution, condemning all prayer for the dead.
95
What was the purpose of the Act of Uniformity in 1549?
Imposed a single standard of worship across England.
96
What sparked the Western Rebellion in 1549?
Opposition to the First Book of Common Prayer, seen as too Protestant.
97
What was the outcome of Kett's Rebellion in 1549?
Local economic grievances against land enclosure, resulting in significant conflict.
98
What event involved 15,000 rebels in East Anglia and resulted in 3,000 killed?
Rebellion against the Earl of Northumberland ## Footnote This rebellion was significant in demonstrating the unrest during the period.
99
In 1549, who was accused of kidnapping the King?
Somerset ## Footnote This accusation highlighted the political tensions of the time.
100
What was the outcome for Thomas Seymour in 1549?
Executed for treason ## Footnote He posed a threat to Somerset's power and sought to marry Princess Elizabeth.
101
What was the purpose of the New Treason Act of 1550?
Re-imposed censorship to help restore law and order
102
What did the Treaty of Boulogne accomplish?
Established peace between France and England ## Footnote It represented a pragmatic move but also English defeat, losing Boulogne back to France.
103
What significant action was taken in 1552 regarding the Book of Common Prayer?
Second Book of Common Prayer was established ## Footnote It removed all traces of Catholicism and established a Calvinistic version of the Eucharist.
104
Fill in the blank: In 1553, the succession crisis led to the placing of ______ on the throne.
Lady Jane Grey
105
What did Mary I do upon her ascension in 1553?
Proclaimed herself queen in Norfolk ## Footnote She secured allegiance from the Council.
106
What was the Act of Repeal in 1553?
Undid religious changes under Edward VI
107
True or False: Mary I's reign saw the reinstatement of bishops Gardiner and Bonner.
True
108
What was the outcome of the Wyatt Rebellion in 1554?
Strong English opposition to Mary's marriage ## Footnote It led to a proclamation to stop unlawful assemblies.
109
What significant religious change occurred in Mary I's reign?
Restoration of Catholic practices and purging of Protestant leaders
110
Fill in the blank: In 1558, the last continental possession of England, Calais, was taken by ______.
French troops
111
What did Elizabeth I restore upon her ascension in 1558?
Legal position of the Crown in relation to the Church ## Footnote Elizabeth was declared 'Supreme Governor' of the Church.
112
What was the Treaty of Cateau Cambrésis?
France would retain Calais for 8 years
113
What did the 39 Articles define?
The faith of the Church of England
114
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Troyes in 1564?
Elizabeth lost Calais permanently
115
Who was executed in 1572 for his involvement in the Ridolfi Plot?
Howard, the 4th Duke of Norfolk
116
What was the purpose of the Oxford Disputations in 1554?
To publicly humiliate and ridicule English Protestant leaders
117
Fill in the blank: The first Protestant martyr under Mary I was ______.
John Rogers
118
What significant event occurred in 1556 involving Cranmer?
Declared a heretic and burnt at stake
119
True or False: Elizabeth I never considered marriage during her reign.
False
120
What was the significance of the Gold Bullion Incident in 1568?
Elizabeth seized Spanish ships carrying gold ## Footnote This incident heightened tensions between England and Spain.
121
What was the main reason for the breakdown in Anglo-Spanish relations?
The breakdown in relations was primarily instigated by Elizabeth's rejection of Philip II's marriage proposal in 1559.
122
What significant event occurred in 1562 regarding Anglo-Spanish relations?
Philip protested to Elizabeth about her support for Huguenot rebels against the French Government.
123
What happened in 1563 that affected trade between England and Spain?
Philip's government banned imports of English cloth, but both sides later back down and trade normalizes in 1564.
124
What significant action did the Spanish Duke of Alba take in 1566-67?
The Duke of Alba was sent to the Netherlands to crush rioting Calvinists and restore firm government.
125
What occurred in 1568 that escalated tensions between England and Spain?
Spain expelled the English ambassador from Madrid and replaced their ambassador in London with a more hard-line Catholic, De Spes.
126
What was the outcome of Elizabeth seizing gold bullion in 1568?
It started a dispute in terms of trade and marked a turning point in relations with Spain.
127
What event in 1570 had a significant impact on Elizabeth's position?
The Pope formally excommunicated Elizabeth and declared her deposed.
128
What was the significance of the Treaty of Blois in 1572?
It replaced the idea of marriage to Anjou with an Anglo-French defensive alliance against Spain.
129
What did Elizabeth do in response to the religious conflict in France in 1572?
She permitted Huguenots to use England as a base.
130
What was the significance of the 1574 trade embargo between England and Spain?
It was lifted, allowing English merchants in the Netherlands to practice Protestantism.
131
What did Elizabeth do in 1576 regarding the Dutch?
She loaned the Dutch estate general £100,000 and warned France against moving into the Netherlands.
132
What significant event occurred in 1580 related to Philip II?
Philip II gained the Portuguese crown and its overseas empires.
133
What did the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585 signify?
It was signed between Elizabeth and the Dutch, committing her to military intervention in the Netherlands.
134
What was the outcome of the Spanish Armada in 1588?
The Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy.
135
What was the significance of the 1598 Treaty of Vervins?
It was a peace treaty between Spain and France, but the Anglo-Spanish war continued.
136
What did the Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests enacted in 1585 state?
Any priest ordained by the Pope's authority is guilty of treason upon entering England.
137
What was the purpose of the Recusancy Acts passed in 1587?
Recusants who defaulted on the payment of fines could have two-thirds of their land seized.
138
What was the outcome of the Babington Plot in 1586?
Mary, Queen of Scots, was arrested for her involvement in the plot.
139
What was the impact of Elizabeth's Poor Law of 1601?
It designated parishes to raise rates for and administer poor relief.
140
What resulted from the death of Philip II in 1598?
It marked a significant shift in power dynamics in Europe.
141
What was Elizabeth's reputation posthumously referred to as?
Elizabeth's reign is often referred to as a 'golden age' due to its cultural achievements.
142
Fill in the blank: The Act of Supremacy of 1558 reestablished the Church of England's independence from _______.
Rome
143
True or False: Elizabeth left debts of £350,000 at the end of her reign.
True

Elizabeth (2 decks)

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