Elizabeth I government Flashcards

Question

Who took over the council of the north from the earl of Sussex in 1572?

Answer 1

The earl of Huntington

Answer 2

- became a pernament fixture after the Spanish armada in 1585 until 1603 - usually members of the nobility - orginally supported by sheriffs - they raised local militas, oversaw the work of JPs, managed food supplied during war and famine, collected forced loans and reported local events to the privy council

Answer 3

- As a child, he served as a page in royal court exposing him to royal life - His first role in parliament was given to him in 1542 after Henry granted him a place in the court of common pleas leading to his joining of parliament a year later where his joined a small protestant faction with Catherin Parr, Edward Seymour, Sir Anthony Cooke and John Cheke. Ergo, after Henry’s death, he became a member of Somerset’s household as secretary from 1548 leading to his brief imprisonment in the tower of London during Seymour’s fall By acting as a go – between Somerset and Warwick, he regained a position in court and only grew in power under Northumberland as he was knighted - In 1558, Cecil quickly showed support for Elizabeth by riding to Hatfield to announce her as queen and his first major actions as primary secretary were the 1560 treaty of Edinburgh and to promote religious settlement. As a result, he was rewarded with the court of wards in 1561 - He was supportive of exploration and punishing Mary, queen of Scots - In 1572, he became knight of Garter and Lord treasurer - He was unable to retire therefore he trained Robert Cecil to take over his duties as secretary

Answer 4

- In pursuing the policies worked out by his father and Queen Elizabeth, Cecil followed a moderately anti-Roman Catholic, anti-Spanish, and anti-Puritan line - Trained by his father in the craft of statesmanship, he entered the House of Commons in 1584 and in 1588 was sent on his first diplomatic mission abroad which involved in negotiations with Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, in Ostend in the hope of averting war with Spain - Cecil soon developed a deep rivalry with the earl of Essex developed from their father figure’s relationship in order for Elizabeth’s favour heightened by the fact they grew up together because he came under Burghley’s jurisdiction - During Elizabeth's final years, Cecil had to manage Elizabeth’s temperaments and struggles with illness - He contiued to hold a position in government in James I's reign

Answer 5

- He went to Cambridge’s Corpus Christi college to finish his humanist education in 1527 Admitted to the bar in 1533, Bacon was made attorney of the court of - wards and liveries in 1546. In 1550 became a bencher and in 1552 treasurer of Gray's Inn - During his political career, he presided over the house of Lords - Upon the accession of Elizabeth, Bacon was made lord keeper of the great seal. Shortly after, he was knighted. In this position he worked with Elizabeth’s chief minister, Sir William Cecil (later Lord Burghley), to maintain the relatively moderate Protestantism of the Elizabethan church. At the same time, Bacon advocated policies designed to undermine the power of Catholics in Europe. He was temporarily dismissed from court after a misunderstanding with the queen in 1564 over a pamphlet favouring Lady Catherine Grey over Elizabeth, but he soon regained his former influence. Bacon’s distrust of the Catholic Mary Stuart, who was imprisoned in England, led him in 1570 to oppose effectively a plan to reinstate her on the Scottish throne

Answer 6

- Knollys entered the service of Henry VIII before 1540, became a member of Parliament in 1542, and was knighted in 1547 while serving with the English army in Scotland - Knollys served as treasurer of the royal household from 1572 until his death - He was a deep protestant and enjoyed taking part in religious discussions including Cecil's 1551 conference where several Catholics and Protestants respecting the corporeal presence in the Sacrament - In April 1571 Knollys strongly supported the retrospective clauses of the bill for the better protection of Queen Elizabeth, by which any person who had previously put forward a claim to the throne was adjudged guilty of high treason. This demonstrates his deep care and sense of friendship with Elizabeth sometime missed by other ministers. In the next year, he was appointed treasurer of the royal household in which he retained until his death

Answer 7

- He was first brought to the court after the death of his father Walter Devereux, aged 10, as he now inherited the earldom and the family estates from his father - As a maternal cousin, there was already a sense of connection. However, as Dudley’s step –son, his death only intensified the connection and sought great comfort in his company. However, he felt a sense of competition for Elizabeth’s favour with Robert Cecil leading to rivalry. In April 1599 Essex was sent to Ireland as Lieutenant and Governor General, with an army of 17,000 men and explicit instructions to crush the Earl of Tyrone's rebellion and bring Ireland under control. Instead of following orders, Essex had a secret meeting with Tyrone, made a truce in Elizabeth's name and abandoned his post to return to London and explain his decision to the Queen. Elizabeth was furious and had him put under house arrest while an inquiry into his behaviour was held. He was found guilty of disobedience and dereliction of duty, stripped of most of his positions, and banished from court as punishment. Due to shock and devastation over his betrayal of Elizabeth’s government through the Essex rebellion, leading to his execution on the 25th of February 160

Answer 8

- After the failure of his father’s conspiracy to put Lady Jane Grey on the throne in 1553, Robert was imprisoned in the Tower of London, but he was released the following year and served with the English forces in France in 1557 at the battle of St Quentin - On Elizabeth’s accession, he was made master of the horse, and in April 1559 he became a privy councillor and Knight of the Garter in 1559 - He soon won the Queen’s affection and favour, but his pretensions aroused bitter jealousy at court - He and Cecil rivalled with one another for Elizabeth's favour and positions of power however this didn’t intensify until the battle between Robert Cecil and the earl of Essex as arguably they effective had a good working relationship to control Elizabeth’s court - In 1587, was appointed Lord Steward of the Royal Household - In 1585 Elizabeth sent Leicester in command of a force of 6,000 troops to the United Provinces (the Netherlands) to assist their revolt against Spain. He proved to be not only an incompetent commander but also a failure in his political role as men continuingly left the army. His policies, in violation of Elizabeth’s instructions, and his arrogant manner alienated the Dutch and resulted in his recall to England in 1587. Despite his shortcomings, the Queen appointed him in 1588 lieutenant general of the army mustered at Tilbury against the Spanish Armada. Later that year he died suddenly at his home

Answer 9

- In 1552, he was admitted to Gray’s Inn in London to study law - A committed Protestant, during the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I of England he joined other expatriates in exile in Switzerland and northern Italy to study Roman civil law until Mary's death and the accession of her Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth becoming a member of parliament for the first parliament in January 1559 - In 1570 Walsingham was appointed ambassador to France - At the end of 1573 and was appointed to the Privy Council and named a principal secretary with Sir Thomas Smith. Smith retired in 1576, leaving Walsingham in effective control of the privy seal, though he was not formally invested as Lord Privy Seal - The Babington Plot (named for conspirator Anthony Babington), was exposed in August 1586 with the aid of Walsingham’s double agents and code experts, who, unbeknownst to Mary’s agents, were actually supplying their means of communicating with Mary via coded letters smuggled inside a beer barrel. The letters established Mary’s complicity in the effort to depose Elizabeth, leading to Mary’s trial, conviction, and execution

Answer 10

- When the Court of Augmentation was reconstituted, about 1545, Mildmay was made one of its two surveyors-general - In Northumberland’s reign his influence on finances grew as he was commissioned to levy the King's debts, to settle with the crown accountant and superintended the receipt by the crown of plate, jewels, bells, and the like surrendered by dissolved monasteries or chantries - He founded Emmauel college in 1584 - On Elizabeth’s accession he was at once made treasurer of her household, and was appointed a member of a small committee of ways and means to supply the empty exchequer. He was soon employed in preparing a census of the farms of the royal revenues (22 December 1558), in examining Queen Mary's grants of land, in compounding with those who refused knighthood (28 March 1559), in directing the issue of a new coinage (29 October 1560), and in selling crown lands (May 1563) - On 21 April 1566, Sir Richard Sackville, the chancellor of the exchequer, died, and Mildmay was appointed as his replacement; he was also made auditor of the Duchy of Lancaster Due to his duties, he had little interest in general politics

Answer 11

- Hatton enrolled as one of the queen’s bodyguards in 1564 and became the captain in 1572 - In 1564, he also became one of the Queen's gentlemen pensioners and a gentleman of the privy chamber - He was active in Parliament in prosecutions of John Stubbs and William Parry (the organiser of the Parry plot). In 1576, he was granted land in Wellingborough by the Queen - Hatton was a member of the law court that tried Anthony Babington in 1586 and one of the commissioners who found Mary, Queen of Scots, guilty of treason the following year. He pushed one of Elizabeth’s secretary’s to make her sign the death warrant - Hatton strongly supported the archbishop of Canterbury, John Whitgift, in his actions against the Puritans, and Elizabeth’s desire to have these two men work together may well explain Hatton’s appointment as lord chancellor in 1587. Despite his lack of extensive legal knowledge, he handled this office competently - In 1588, Hatton became chancellor of the university of Oxford where he oversaw Edmund Spenser’s rising career as a poet

Elizabeth I government Flashcards

(35 cards)