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Elizabeth Later Years Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the main matters of state that caused clashes between Elizabeth and Parliament?

A

Marriage, succession, religion, and foreign policy.

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2
Q

Who and what did ______ __________ demand from Elizabeth and when?

A

Peter Wentworh
He demanded that she name a successor
1591

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3
Q

What happened to Peter Wentworth after he demanded Elizabeth name a successor?

A

He was interrogated and imprisoned until 1593.

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4
Q

What is purveyance?

A

The right for a monarch to buy luxury goods for a discounted price.

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5
Q

What did MPs want in return for granting Elizabeth generous taxes in 1593?

A

They wanted her to reform the system of purveyance.

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6
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to the MPs’ request regarding purveyance?

A

She agreed to look into it.

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7
Q

What is a monopoly?

A

The right to be the only person allowed to sell a product.

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8
Q

Why did Elizabeth award more monopolies towards the end of her reign?

A

She couldn’t afford to reward people with pensions or land.

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9
Q

Who accused people (regarding monopolies) in Parliament about what and when?

A

Robert Wingfield
Accused them of ‘abusing’ their monopolies.
1597

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10
Q

What was Elizabeth’s response to the criticism of monopolies in ________?

A

She agreed that monopolies were responsible for rising prices and revoked a few.
However she still awarded more which angered MPs
1597

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11
Q

What happened in Parliament in 1601 regarding monopolies?

A

MPs were furious at Elizabeth for allowing more people to have monopolies.

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12
Q

How did MPs describe people with monopolies in 1601?

A

They described them as ‘bloodsuckers’.

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13
Q

What monopolies did MPs demand to be ended?

A

MPs demand regarding monopolies on pilchards, iron, sea-coal, and leather transportation to be ended

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14
Q

What was Robert Cecil’s reaction to the debate about monopolies?

A

He became worried about the anger involved in the debate.

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15
Q

What was the name of the speech Elizabeth made to MPs in 1601?

A

Golden Speech

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16
Q

What was the purpose of the Golden Speech?

A

To calm tensions with Parliament and restore her prerogative.

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17
Q

What action did Elizabeth take regarding monopolies during the 1601 Parliament?

A

She banned some monopolies and passed others to the courts for analysis.

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18
Q

What was the outcome of the ________ bill aimed at treating Catholics and Puritans harsher?

A

1593
The Catholic part was passed, but harsher laws on Puritans were opposed by Walter Raleigh.

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19
Q

What did MPs propose in 1601 regarding plurality?

A

A bill to end plurality.

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20
Q

Who opposed the bill to end plurality in ________?

A

Archbishop Whitgift
1601

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21
Q

What is plurality in the context of the church?

A

The allowance for priests to hold several jobs.

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22
Q

What was the consequence of the war with Spain regarding social attitudes?

A

Xenophobia increased.

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23
Q

What military tactic did Francis Drake use to defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588?

A

Advanced fire-ship tactics.

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24
Q

What measures did the government take to prepare for a potential Spanish invasion?

A

Local militias were taught to use firearms, beacons were to be lit on hills, and coastal towns were ordered to provide more ships to the Navy.

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25
What happened to recusants during the threat of invasion?
They were imprisoned.
26
What percentage of findings did Elizabeth license British people to keep when preying on Spanish ships?
20%.
27
What was the name of the Spanish ship captured by privateers and when?
Madre de Deus 1592
28
What was the case against Dr. Lopez in 1594 based on?
An accusation of attempting to poison Queen Elizabeth.
29
What was the outcome for Dr. Lopez after the accusations?
He was executed, but Elizabeth likely did not believe he was guilty.
30
How did Elizabeth manage her court spending during the war?
She cut down her spending.
31
What unpopular financial practice did Elizabeth use instead of pensions?
Monopolies were awarded.
32
Who was given a monopoly on sweet wine?
The Earl of Essex.
33
What issue arose due to the awarding of monopolies?
It caused inflation.
34
What was a common form of corruption during Elizabeth's reign?
People accepted bribes instead of being paid.
35
What bribe did Robert Cecil accept and over what?
A coach of horses. Over reducing tax
36
Which of Elizabeth's favorite advisors died in 1588?
Leicester.
37
Which advisor died in 1591?
Hatton.
38
Who died in 1598?
William Cecil.
39
How did the new advisors compare to Elizabeth's old advisors?
They were often not as able and less sympathetic to the war.
40
What was the nature of the conflict between Essex and Robert Cecil?
Essex was more aggressive while Cecil was more cautious regarding the conduct of the war.
41
How did Essex undermine Elizabeth's prerogative in Ireland?
He collaborated with Spain to prove himself over Cecil.
42
What economic consequence did Elizabeth face due to the war with Spain?
Parliament was called more often to fund the war.
43
What was the relationship between Elizabeth and Parliament in her last 15 years?
It became hostile.
44
How much money did Parliament grant Elizabeth in ________?
£480,000 1598
45
How much crown lands worth did Elizabeth sell between ________ and ________?
£200,000 1596-99
46
How much did Elizabeth forcibly borrow from her wealthy subjects in ________?
£75,000 1588
47
How much did Elizabeth borrow from the city of London in ________?
£56,000 at 10% per annum. 1588
48
How did the war with Spain affect the image of Catholicism?
It became associated with foreigners, treason, violence, and invasion.
49
What did Jesuits and seminary priests urge the public to do during the war and an example?
Support Spain William Allen
50
What division arose among Catholics regarding the throne during the war?
They couldn't decide between James or the Spanish Catholic Infanta Isabella.
51
What happened to many Catholics in _____?
They were imprisoned in Robert Cecil's Wisbech Castle 1601
52
Who was made the Catholic Roman Archpriest of England in ________?
George Blackwell 1598
53
What did most Catholics declare in response to the war and persecution?
Their loyalty to Elizabeth.
54
when were the poor harvests?
1594 - 98
55
Why were there poor harvests?
Heavy rain
56
What did poor harvest cause?
Wheat prices to increase
57
How do we know about the poor harvest cause?
references to rain and flooding in a Midsummer Nights Dream (1595)
58
what were the leading causes of death in Elizabeths later years?
Malnutrition and poverty
59
what percentage couldn’t afford to eat in Kent?
12%
60
Where were the deaths from malnutrition?
Ipswich
61
how much did death rate increase from 1595-97?
50%
62
how did the problems of poor harvest end?
A good harvest in 1598
63
when were the sweating sickness outbreaks?
1596-7
64
what did the Book of Orders do about the plague?
Enforced quarantine, but these were ignored
65
What was the ship tax?
an old tax used in times of war to pay for the Navy there was some refusal to pay it
66
When did the government stop trying to collect ship tax in London?
1596
67
where were the JPs slow collecting the ship tax?
Suffolk
68
Where did troops attack their officers overpay in 1602?
Gloucester
69
what did men often refuse to do?
Pay for their own uniforms
70
When were the food riots in Kent?
1595
71
where were the food riots between 1596-99?
Norfolk, Sussex, Somerset
72
when did apprentice feltmakers riot in London?
1592-93
73
what was cancelled in ______ due to riots?
The goose fair 1593
74
when was the Oxfordshire rising?
21st November 1596
75
Who planned the Oxfordshire rising?
Impoverished carpenters led by Bartholomew Steer
76
where was the meeting point for the Oxfordshire rising?
Enslow Hill
77
Why did no one show up at Enslow Hill?
They’ve got the date mixed up
78
how do I know Steer was an idiot?
at one point he was marching by himself
79
what was the consequence of the Oxfordshire rising?
Five people were severely tortured and executed
80
what claim did Elizabeth make about her relationship with England?
Elizabeth claimed she was married to England and the people of England were her children
81
where did Elizabeth wear her coronation ring?
On her ring finger
82
What events made Elizabeth’s claim of being married England less convincing?
Bad harvest and food riots
83
what was the saying in Essex regarding Queen Elizabeth?
“We shall never have a merry world while the Queen liveth”
84
What’s were three rumours about Elizabeth?
• she had children with three different men and had them killed • She had been behind the death of Amy Robsart • she was a man
85
why did Elizabeth wear a wig?
Her hair fell out
86
what two things made Elizabeth less attractive?
she was missing teeth and was covered in smallpox scars
87
Describe Elizabeth’s speech
Slurred
88
What was Elizabeth like in her later years?
Forgetful and short tempered
89
what was banned in ______?
unflattering portraits of her 1596
90
what was good damage control for the unflattering portraits?
The rainbow portrait
91
why was Walter Raleigh banished from court?
Getting Bess Throckmorton pregnant
92
Why was the Earl of ____________ banished from court?
Having an affair with Elizabeth Vernon
93
What did the French ambassador say about Elizabeth and when?
She had fine composition of the mind 1597
94
Who described Elizabeth as dignified and when?
Thomas Platter 1599
95
when were both the golden speech and rainbow portrait made?
1601

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