Elizabeth - Main Info

Question 1

now now this is a breadthy topic
strap on ur boots and put on ur sailing hats

Answer 1

cos this ship boutta float

Question 2

we gon start off by discussing the problems that elizabeth encountered when she came to the throne

Answer 2

there were many
yh

Question 3

What did Beth have to decide abt the Privy Council

Answer 3

Its composition
Choice of councillors = indication of religious settlement of her reign
i mean i wudnt go that far but sure

Question 4

What was the decision that Elizabeth had to decide upon regarding religious settlement of the country

Answer 4

culty or cunty?
She could follow the English Catholicism of her father, Protestantism of her brother, or Roman CC of her sister OR SECRET OPTION D follow smth of her own
Also had to think abt fact that Pope might excommunicate her at any moment, as he would regard her as illegitimate

Question 5

What was the issue w the disputed succession

Answer 5

She was not seen as the legitimate heir to the throne by Roman Catholics who supported cousin Mary Queen of Scots
very rare u see ppl rooting 4 a ginger
Mary was also backed by Henry II of France
WELL LIZZIE DIDNT NEED NO MAN

Question 6

What was the issue w Ireland

Answer 6

they felt the need to express their InDiViduALItY
Mary Tudor attempted to colonise them by introducing a system of English plantations and was causing unrest
Ireland was staunchly Catholic and had refused to accept HVIII as Head of Church
LET DERRY JUST B DERRY FFS

Question 7

What were the concerns w the Catholic Hadsburgs

Answer 7

England had traditionally maintained an alliance with the Hadbsburg family
They ruled Spain, the HRE and the Spanish Netherlands
The alliance preserved the balance of power in Europe
However Hadsburgs were yet again STAUNCHLY Catholic
Bethaldrine needed to work out how to keep alliance despite her own Protestantism

Question 8

Now what she gon do abt the French troops in Scotland that have overstayed their welcome

Answer 8

1558 = Scotland ruled by the French regent and widow of James V, Mary of Guise, on behalf of her daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots, who was being brought up in France
Traditional ‘auld alliance’ between S and F and presence of French troops in Scotland posed threat to English security
personally i think we shud all play some go fish n get over ourselves but u know
im no monarch

Question 9

How she gon end the war w France?

Answer 9

1558 = England still technically at war w France
i mean…its just a technicality, no?
Elizabeth needed to make peace w France but permanent loss of Calais wud b seen as humiliation

Question 10

NOW AS IF THESE PROBLEMS ARENT ENUF
How can she pay off the crown’s debts and restore the royal finances? What issue was dis?

Answer 10

They were severely strained due to war w France
Mary Tudor left debt of £300,000 and had resorted to selling crown lands and only served to weaken monarchy’s finances in long run
here’s an idea…SELL THE PALACES WHY U NEED 135353 of em??!

Question 11

now as if this is only the TIP OF THE ICEBERG as titanicans wud say
Let’s discuss the problems that were facing England in 1558
what a +ve atmosphere this deck shall bring us
idk why theo likes beth so much so far it aint lookin swell
How did England see Lizzie as being an ‘inexperienced queen’ an issue

Answer 11

Majority of English people welcomed her accession
She was young and seemed to promise new beginning after Mary’s setbacks
But some feared weak rule from an inexperienced woman
fuckin sexist piglets
Stability in Tudor gov seemed to require a strong, male monarch and an undisputed heir
right right
so we just gon forget abt
HITLER
OSAMA BIN LADEN
TRUMP
STALIN
FUCKIN BOWSER FROM NINTENDO
HVIII
MEN R NOT THE ANSWER

Question 12

What religious divisions worried England in 1558

Answer 12

Majority of ppl, including many gentry and nobility, were probs still Catholic
allegiance to the monarch n whatnot. athiests rlly do b chillin too much in these tudor endz
These Catholics believed services shud b in Latin n churches shud b highly decorated
Some believed Pope is only true Head of CC, altho some begun accepting monarch as Head since HVIII
Protestantism still strong in London, south east, universities and among politically active classes who believed monarch in charge of country’s religion, that services shud b English and churches shud b plain
Another religion divided population = Marian Exiles, extreme Protestants, had fled to to Protestant strongholds in Europe, like Geneva during Mary’s reign
They returned to England in 1558, expecting to be offered influential governmental posts and to oversee establishment of Calvinist or Puritan Church of England

Question 13

What threats from abroad worried England

Answer 13

England was a weak country compared to France and Spain, both of whom were Catholic
Philip II was married to Mary and after her death intended to propose to Elizabeth
THIS SOUNDS LIKE AN EPISODE OF EASTENDERS OR SOME SHI
But if England became Protestant he might organise a Catholic crusade against it
bitch rlly said i take what i want when i want it, n i want ya…BAD BAD NEWS
But most pressing 1558 threat was Scotland under French control
Scottish Mary declared that she, not Bethy, was legitimate Queen of England
Her claim was supported by Catholics in England, raising prospect of war
*heavy scottish accent: wAs tHe LanD of ThE gREatS nOt goOd EnUF foR yoUS?!

Question 14

How was the loss of Calais a problem for England 1558

Answer 14

Seen as stain on country’s honour
Possession of Calais = symbolic of time when English Kings saw themselves also as Kings of France
feel like they pullin on straws here a tad but aight
If Elizabeth accepted its loss, England’s status in Europe and prestige of monarchy by implication was further reduced

Question 15

Now how was the rice in prices and a problem

Answer 15

a lil self explanatory if u ask me but anyhoo
Most ppl lived in countryside and made a living w growing crops
Most important industry - manufacture and export of woollen cloth
Both population and prices rising since beginning of 1500s
Some landlords had tried to increase income by enclosing their land, leading to increase in unemployment
In early 1550s trade with Antwerp, main market for English cloth abroad had collapsed, throwing 1000s of spinners and weavers out of work
In countryside tenants faced higher rents as landlords tried to keep rents in line with prices, while in the towns workers saw the value of their wages decrease

Question 16

How was the rise in unemployment a problem

Answer 16

yet again
a tad too obvious
Poverty and unemployment were increasing, especially among the lower classes
The problem of inflation was exacerbated by the bad harvests and flu epidemics (which killed 200k people) of Mary’s reign
Atmosphere of gloom and pessimism made hard to generate wealth necessary for a prosperous economy, situation made worse by repeated debasements of coinage
Melting down coins and reminting them w a lower gold content benefited crown financially
But made a loss of confidence in England’s currency which harmed trade

Question 17

How did Catherine Parr influence Elizabeth for the better

Answer 17

Was step mother to Elizabeth
Brought her back to court
Acting as a role model and mother figure to her
cute

Question 18

Now Thomas Seymour
u know how they say every lil hometown has a local paedo
well he was that one
So what did he do

Answer 18

Teased her
Assaulted her
Knew she was in line to throne in future so was unofficially courting her
Was yes a paedophile
not pluviophille. that wudve done less damage
Some historians suggest that the trauma she obtained from her time w Seymour caused her to be cautious of men and hence never settle down n marry
actual slay…if one man hurts me den i stay clear of all of em
jeez louise lemon squeeze if i lived by that logic id b alone in every lifetime

Question 19

Who was Kat Ashley n why tf am i supposed to care

Answer 19

She was Elizabeth’s governess
Loved by Bethaldrine
Taught her maths, languages, sewing, geography, dancing, deportment (how to compose yourself), and riding

Question 20

Who was Roger Ascham to Elizabeth

Answer 20

Was Elizabeth’s tutor from 1548-50
Helped her be fluent in French, Italian and Latin by 14 yrs old
Protestant

Question 21

How was Elizabeth and Edward’s relationship

Answer 21

Were originally close when they were younger
Continued to write to each other as they grew older
Both Protestant
Had restricted visits until Henry’s death and were last together crying hugging when dad died

Question 22

How was Mary and Elizabeth’s relationship
oh this aint gon b good

Answer 22

Very little interest
Learnt from Mary’s political mistakes
Cold hearted to Elizabeth
Threatened her
Catholic vs Protestant

Question 23

Who was William Cecil, Lord Burghley

Answer 23

Was a cautious and devout man
In FP was keen to assert English independence, maintain English security and avoid going to war unless national interest demanded it
Saw Dudley as a mere adventurer whose sole aim was to enrich his friends and gain power for himself
fuck me did someone call the fun police
to put simply
drilla n skrilla did not get along

Question 24

Who was Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester

Answer 24

1560 = established himself as Elizabeth’s favourite at court
Tall and extremely handsome
yh ill b the judge of that senors
Gifted but unreliable and arrogant
Influence with Queen caused dislike and distrust
Once was obvious that Bethaldrine did not intend to marry him, Dudley worked hard to prevent her marrying anyone else as this would lead to a decline in his influence
dumb fuck rlly said if i cant have this bitch no one can
Was eager to cast Elizabeth as the champion of international Protestantism, so constantly urged military intervention to support Protestant rebels in France and the Netherlands

Question 25

Who were the 2 main political divisions in the start of Elizabeth's reign

Answer 25

William Cecil and Robert Dudley

Question 26

Who were the 2 main political divisions in the end of Elizabeth's reign

Answer 26

Robert Cecil (William's son) Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex

Question 27

Talk abt this kid Robert Cecil

Answer 27

Was groomed THOMAS IS BACK?! Was groomed to succeed his father in office, although his advancement was not rapid His great organisational skills were eventually recognised, but Essex viewed him as his principal rival and his advancement was delayed Cecil's impatience led him to exploit the patronage system as a means to gain prizes for himself and his followers and to reduce Essex's influence

Question 28

Now talk abt his lover from another sister Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex

Answer 28

Was charming and brilliant Greedy and ambitious He wanted to control royal patronage and appoint all his friends to court and government positions Essex replaced his stepfather, Leicester, as the Queen's favourite despite the difference in their ages and was openly jealous of other men at court, especially Robert Cecil Aggressive in council meetings where his desire for military glory led him to promote dashing campaigns against the Spanish

Question 29

What tactics did Bethamhouse use to control her council

Answer 29

Participated in discussions to prevent the council agreeing on formal advice which she would later reject Refused to deal with council as whole, only smaller groups abt policy Kept accurate notes, which she used to question councillors closely and catch them out Promoted decisions among her councillors, encouraging them to compete for rewards Consulted with men outside the council, particularly foreign ambassadors She displayed affection, anger and even violence competitions for who gave the best head no not rlly that ones 4 me

Question 30

What are examples of Elizabeth displaying anger and even violence

Answer 30

being a woman what treason Exclusion of Leicester and Walsingham from court Put Arundel on house arrest sounds like a free vacay to me Imprisoned Davison and Croft Executed Norfolk and Essex

Question 31

What did Cecil contribute to Elizabethan government regarding Scotland

Answer 31

Pushed Elizabeth to aid Scottish rebels in 1560 to secure the success of the Scottish Reformation and the subsequent expulsion of French troops from Scotland since she was reluctant to

Question 32

What did Cecil do in 1568 regarding Spanish that firmly established him as Lizzie's Chief Adviser and consequently Lord Burghley in 1571

Answer 32

Spanish treasure ships were on way to pay Spanish soldiers in the Netherlands for their services what kind of services...?;) These ships were seized while sheltering in ports along the coast of Devon and Cornwall This seizure challenged the power of Spain Cecil argued here dat as the money wouldn't legally belong to the Spanish soldiers until it reached the Netherlands, it still technically belonged to the lenders where the money came from which were Genoese bankers (city in Italy, Genoa) Therefore Elizabeth was technically free to 'borrow' it just like i 'borrowed' avanis virginity Cecil was created Lord Burghley 4 his intelligence

Question 33

What happened in 1585 regarding Cecil (Burghley) n dat cash

Answer 33

Had to cope with the financial and administrative burden caused by war w Spain while struggling with his own declining health pookie???

Question 34

Now list the main achievements of Cecil by his death in 1598

Answer 34

keep lizzie away from other men...kid rlly said if i cant have her no one can <3 Drafting Beth's correspondence with foreign ambassadors and agents as executor and principal adviser for foreign advisers Continuing a prudent economic policy (cutting gov expenditure, save from ordinary revenues and selling crown lands) Creating intelligence service at home and abroad Managing House of Commons and Lords business Providing effective administration methods for Privy Council Creating Elizabeth political regime acceptance propaganda

Question 35

What issues caused divide amongst the council

Answer 35

The MQOS situation Whether or not she should marry Catholic Archduke Charles of Austria Whether to give military aid to the Protestant rebels in the Netherlands in their fight against Spain Proposed marriage between Elizabeth and the French Duke of Alencon

Question 36

What was Elizabeth's most important weapon when handling her own personality

Answer 36

crickets no well maybe Her own personality Through carefully crafted speeches she could charm, admonish, bully, threaten and wheedle, but chiefly, 'stand on her considerable dignity', reminding MPs and peers that they were her subjects and she was their Queen, chosen by God' Also prepared to use her powers of arrest and veto when necessary

Question 37

How was attendance in Parliament

Answer 37

Was never good damn Declined according according to their length Procedures to chastise and fine absentees were introduced

Question 38

What % of MPs spoke in debates and voted

Answer 38

Only 10% spoke Only 47% voted

Question 39

How many times was Parliament summoned in a 46 yr long reign

Answer 39

13 sessions

Question 40

What is the orthodox view of parliamentary opposition

Answer 40

Neale's view Power of House of Commons increased and conflicted w traditional structure w Lords on top im feeling yummy Roots of Civil War of 1640s lay in Elizabeth's reign when Commons gained in self-confidence and developed a growing awareness of its powers Were heated debates and factions amongst Parliament Puritan Choir extremist group was allowed in Parliament n disrupted sessions

Question 41

What is the revisionist view about parliamentary opposition

Answer 41

Parliament did duty of voting subsidies, debate, grant taxes and pass bills/laws Elizabeth encouraged divisions to receive rewards and patronage Parliament keen to represent local grievances Heated debates were part of regular Parliamentary function

Question 42

What changed abt the Privy Chamber for Elizabethan reign

Answer 42

Was private rooms where Lizzie wud eat accompanied by ladies in waiting away from public gaze Less influential as Gentlemen of the PC as they no longer had rights to access monarch that they had formally enjoyed Admission carefully granted

Question 43

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 43

Courtier Adventurer avanis lover now howd that get in here Pioneer in colonising North America One of Lizzie's favourites Courageous Good-looking imma need to see 4 maself on that one Introduced potatoes and tobacco to England and 4 lunch we have potatoes and a...cigarette

Question 44

What was the difference between the deserving and undeserving poor

Answer 44

Deserving = entitled to receive some form of limited assistance to alleviate condition (old, widows and disabilities preventing them from working) Undeserving = entitled to be punished

Question 45

How did Elizabeth manage to re-stabilise the currency

Answer 45

balancing coins Scheme announced for withdrawal of debased coins and replacement was soundly minted coins Some suffered w replacement, but did ensure only sound coins were in circulation and government wisely did not resort to debasement during rest of century Prices still rose, but no longer government to blame

Question 46

How did many returning Protestant exiles view Elizabeth

Answer 46

'English Deborah' Old Testament heroin who had protected Israelites from their Canaanite enemies Analogy - Lizzie wud protect godly from 'evils' and 'superstitions' of Catholicism feel like they grabbin at straws rn

Question 47

What was the fundamental paradox of Elizabeth's reign to do w Deborah

Answer 47

Was a reluctant 'Deborah' as many of her religious problems were stemmed from her unwillingness to fulfill role alloted to her by more religiously enthusiastic councillors so she was acc more like one of the lions in daniel and the lions verse yes born to eat, forced to b calm

Question 48

Name some religious contradictions in Elizabeth's reign (conservative and evangelical)

Answer 48

Most enthusiastic supporters often demonstrated Protestant zeal which ensured loyalty to queen but was wholly at variance w Elizabeth's own sceptical and sometimes conservative approach to religious matters

Question 49

What are the 2 events that defined religious settlement from 1558-63

Answer 49

1562 publication of 'An apology of the Church of England' - argued England was returning to true position by Church of Rome (Catholic) 1563 publication 39 Articles of Religion - defined difference between Church of England and CC

Question 50

How was Elizabeth's Church of England seen to have become Reformed Protestantism in its doctrine/beliefs but half reformed in its structures/practices

Answer 50

Vision of leading members of Church was not shared by queen as was half-reformed in structures, disciplinary procedures, services and clerical dress

Question 51

Examples of how Elizabethan religious settlement affected religious practice in the parishes

Answer 51

burnt all of the men all of them Devotees of images thrown into fire before cathedral Many parishes slow to take down altars and images, others hid em away n not throw em out Strict performance of clergy Avoidance of contention and strife

Question 52

What is a key difference in age n character between Elizabeth and Mary

Answer 52

E - succeeded at 25, better education, more shrewder grasp of political processes M - succeeded at 37 dont have to explain how mary was stupider in gov and was less politically experienced feel like it gon b a real downer

Question 53

What were her 3 short term aims as she ascended the throne

Answer 53

To consolidate her position To settle religious issues To pursue a peaceful settlement w the French

Question 54

How was Elizabeth's accession fairly straightforward

Answer 54

um in brief she was next in line to the throne this aint no lion king situation Mary's councillors were aware their political careers were over but did not bother to interfere Mary recognised Elizabeth as her successor and Philip of Spain sent his envoy to see Elizabeth a month before Mary's death damn dat a bit harsh

Question 55

How was Elizabeth's succession difficult

Answer 55

England had suffered bad harvests meaning food was scarce was expensive Flu epidemic brought about the highway rate of mortality since the Black Death which was 2 centuries beforehand wAs PrActiCally yEsTERdaY England lost Calais to France and religion was divided

Question 56

What was the purpose of the Act of Supremacy 1559

Answer 56

Restored in law the royal supremacy of the Church of the Church which was established under HVIII and then removed under Mary I

Question 57

What were the 6 main elements to the 1559 Supremacy Act

Answer 57

Papal supremacy HVIII Reformation legislation restored Powers of royal visitation of the Church as enjoyed by HVIII revived Queen is 'supreme governor', not supreme head of church Oath of supremacy was taken by clergymen and church officials and penalties for refusing this act>>>ur act

Question 58

What was the purpose of the Act of Uniformity 1559

Answer 58

Specified use of a single Book of Common Prayer Modified version of second book that Cranmer introduced in 1552

Question 59

What were the main 2 modifications made to Cranmer's Second Book of Common Prayer 1552

Answer 59

Variations in Eucharistic Belief were possible in that both the 1549 wording were permitted 'Black Rubric' included in 1552 prayer book to explain practice of kneeling at administration of Eucharist was omitted (excluded)

Question 60

What was the purpose of the 1559 Royal Injunctions

Answer 60

They were a set of instructions about the conduct of church services and government of the Church issued in the queen's name as supreme governor On previous occasions they had been used by the Crown as a mechanism for imposing its will in relation to church practices

Question 61

List the 3 instructions given by the Royal Injunctions

Answer 61

that was oddly formal Made clear their Protestant character Emphasises suppression of superstition Parish churches were required to purchase an English Bible

Question 62

What was the FP situation w France at the start of Elizabeth's reign

Answer 62

if i was listening correctly jumanji was her sister England was at conflict w France due to Mary's involvement w Spain against them (marriage w Phil) Not only did England lose Calais but war weakened crown's finances

Question 63

What were the terms of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis 1559

Answer 63

France wud retain Calais for 8 yrs after which time wud b restored to English control provided England kept peaces in meantime If France failed to return Calais agreed to pay 500,000 crowns (£125k) to England

Question 64

What problems emerged in Scotland and France in 1559

Answer 64

Problems emerged after death of Henry II following an accident in a jousting match lemme guess he got stabbed how did NO ONE see that coming Was succeeded by eldest son Francis II whose wife (Mary Queen of Scots) was Elizabeth's cousin ahh n now the fun begins Power brought strong Catholic faction to power in France

Question 65

Who was a hater of female rulers n therefore Elizabeth hated him n why

Answer 65

John Knox Wrote 'The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women' 1558 publication Attack on female and Catholic rule of Mary Tudor and Mary of Guise (mother of Mary Queen of Scots) Asserted was no biblical justification for female rulership Argued female rule was repugnant to nature i know what ur thinking how fuckin transphobic

Question 66

What was Elizabeth's attitude to Scotland

Answer 66

Cautious about interfering in the domestic affairs of another nation in which subjects were rebelling against sovereign authoirty and was reluctant intervene in Scotland

Question 67

What was Cecil's attitude to Scotland

Answer 67

Cecil supported intervention bit contradictory Sympathised w religious Scottish Protestants and knew England wud be more secure without French force north of the border

Question 68

How did Cecil persuade Elizabeth to intervene in Scotland

Answer 68

Played on her insecurities ah yes how all men get u to do their bidding Suggested his own resignation if Elizabeth failed to support him kid rlly said ashley LoOk aT mE

Question 69

When Elizabeth reluctantly agreed to intervene, how did they

Answer 69

Towards end of Dec 1559 navy was sent to the Firth of Forth (WHY DOES THIS KEEP GETTING MENTIONED WHERE TF IS THIS PLACE) to stop French reinforcements from landing Lords of the congregation were offered conditional support at the Treaty of Berwick 1560

Question 70

What problems occurred in France in 1562

Answer 70

Conflict broke out between Catholics and Protestants in March

Question 71

What did Robert Dudley encourage Elizabeth to do regarding France

Answer 71

To put military pressure on the French crown when it was relatively weak to ensure the return of Calais

Question 72

What was the result of Dudley's encouraged French intervention

Answer 72

Elizabeth lost Calais for good lmao And lost the indemnity she had secured at the Cateau-Cambresis fuck sake dudley ur just as bad as the hp version

Question 73

What were the main candidates for Elizabeth's hand in marriage

Answer 73

her fuckin cousin CAN U BELIEVE IT well no not rlly cos it didnt happen but u werent that shocked were u it was a different time after all Robert Dudley this bitch again Crown Prince Eric of Sweden Engaged to Francis Duke of Anjou (French) for 24 hrs b4 lizzie got commitment issues n backed out so real Some English nobles irrelevant mfs

Question 74

What happened in August 1588 that caused THREAT from Spain

Answer 74

Spanish fleet by Philip lay off coast of England as a threat of invasion to make England Catholic again kid rlly said watch me float

Question 75

What are some arguments that suggest Elizabeth faced powerful and increasing opposition from a hostile Parliament throughout her reign

Answer 75

Orthodox/Traditional view Power of House of Commons increased 1640s English Civil War is where Commons gained self-confidence and powers since Lords dealing w a bigger issue and many courts were disabled cos...well...u know...the country was at war Elizabeth had to give less freedom to MPs w speech than her father to cut down on time consumption Commons ordered imprisonment of Peter Wentworth (leader of Puritan Choir) after he called for freedom of speech for House of Commons itself in 1576 (Commons even went against Commons)

Question 76

What are some arguments to suggest Elizabeth did not face powerful and increasing opposition from a hostile Parliament throughout her reign

Answer 76

Revisionist view 434 Acts passed in 13 sessions, each abt 10 weeks long Did normal function of Parliament of passing laws, acts and bills Even tho some sessions witnessed some heated debates, was part of way Parliament normally functioned and did not prevent sessions from closing harmoniously Parliament cannot be blamed for Civil War outbreak as was keen to represent local grievances of members and above all, was always in harmony w government Elizabeth encouraged disputes as wud make MPs compete to earn rewards from her such as patronage or titles

Question 77

How did Elizabeth control Parliament

Answer 77

Isolating extremists through promises of moderate reform Making strong speeches to representatives from Commons Directly intervening to preserve royal prerogative Imprisoning awkward, outliering members Managing Parliament's time Controlling summations and dismissals Choosing MPs and councillors

Question 78

What was the situation w Netherlands at the time of Elizabeth's accession

Answer 78

¾ of overseas trade passed through Antwerp Trading relations did not like Mary Tudor Book of Rates Duties on imports increased by ¾ Issues of piracy

Question 79

What was the situation w Spain at the time of Elizabeth's accession

Answer 79

Relations were usually cordial

Question 80

What was the situation w France at the time of Elizabeth's accession

Answer 80

Conflict Loss of Calais War w Mary Tudor n Philip previously

Question 81

What was the situation w Scotland at the time of Elizabeth's accession

Answer 81

HII killed and succeeded by eldest son Francis II, wife Mary Queen of Scots) Elizabeth cousin and main Catholic claimant to English throne Brought Catholic Guise faction to France Guises wanted to use Scotland as an instrument of French policy Auld alliance

Question 82

What was the situation w Ireland at the time of her accession

Answer 82

Wanted to be more English Proclaimed Supreme Governor of Church of Ireland in 1560 Lacked power to impose Protestatitsm on Catholic population

Question 83

How was relations w the Netherlands from 1558-70

Answer 83

Philip chief minister in Netherlands saw Elizabeth sponsoring Protestant rebels and so was not happy Plague in London 1563 = excuse to ban all cloth trade in Netherlands Calvinist riots in 1567 Sea Beggars Brielle landing Aiding rebels

Question 84

How was relations w Spain from 1558-70

Answer 84

Deteriorated because of John Hawkins (English merchant) activities Wanted to break Spanish trading monopoly in Caribbean Infuriated Spanish interests 1568 his fleet was blockaded in Mexico Philip II wanted more Spanish control of Netherlands Elizabeth under pressure to defend Protestants Netherlands Reluctant to take action after French issues English harassed Spanish, e.g. Nov storm forced Several Spanish vessels which was intended to pay army but was forced to take shelter and so impounded the money sorry that was long was all copied and pasted have at it

Question 85

How was relations w France from 1558-70

Answer 85

Peace Treaty (CC) 1559 Calais negotiations Conflict w Protestants and Catholics in France Promised Hugeonot leader (Prince of Conde) 6000 men and loan of £30k with control of port Army defeated and captured C and Ps agreed to Peace Treaty since both leaders died Treaty of Troyes 1564 (England) Lost Calais permanently Marriage negotiations between Elizabeth and Henry Treaty of BLois 1572 Massacre of St Bartholomew (Protestants killed by Catholics) Marriage negotatiations with Henry

Question 86

How was relations w Scotland from 1558-70

Answer 86

French troops sent to garrison major Scottish fortresses much to alarm of John Knox (Protestant leader of Reformation) Led to conflict of the Congregation Reluctant to intervene w Scotland Hated Knox, who had written ‘the monstrous regiment of women’ Cecil wanted Elizabeth to intervene to sympathise with Scottish Protestants Wanted to rid of Mary as potential claimant to throne Merge England and Scotland as big Protestant state Cecil threatened to resign if Elizabeth refused to support him So sent navy to stop French troops from landing in Scotland Husband died, Guise family fell from power and influence on French policy came to end and so Mary had to return to Scotland so forced to accept political and religious power of enemies so fled to England 1569 Northern Rebellion

Question 87

How was relations w Ireland from 1558-70

Answer 87

Martial law bad relations w Gaelic Irish and Old English lil uneventful bit small flashcards a win is a win

Question 88

How were relations w Netherlands from 1570-85

Answer 88

Spanish Fury (mutiny of Spanish army united all 17 Dutch provinces) Elizabeth liked Elizabeth loaned Dutch £100k and agreed to send forces to Netherlands France wanted to invade Netherlands So Elizsbeth contemplated Duke of Anjou to convince him not to Duke of Parma new Spanish commander made peace with Parma with south of Netherlands Annexation of Portugal by Spain Philip ordered construction of large navy

Question 89

How were relations w Spain from 1570-85

Answer 89

Philip encouraged Northern Rebellion and Ridolfi Plot Elizabeth excommunicated Elizabeth expelled the Sea Beggars Forced to land in Dutch port of Brielle Full-scale revolt against Spanish rule All provinces of Netherlands risen against what they saw as atrocities by Spanish army Produced Pacification of Ghent which called for expulsion of foreign troops and provinces’ autonomy But provinces quarrelled amongst themselves Annexation of Portugal Supported Portuguese pretenders sorry theres so much i a sitting here givin the prestan smirk cos i only gotta create em u unlucky bitches gotta learn em AAH

Question 90

How were relations w France from 1570-85

Answer 90

Duke of Anjou died (Henry) Protestant Henry became heir to throne Catholic Guise league preventing Henry from becoming King of France Secret treaty w Spain HIII assassinated French Civil War Sent small army to support HIV

Question 91

How were relations w Scotland from 1570-85

Answer 91

1571 Ridolfi Plot 1583 Throckmorton Plot 1585 Parry Plot the flowerpower plot 2024

Question 92

How were relations w Ireland from 1570-85

Answer 92

2 rebellions not into u like that?? look at urself erin

Question 93

How were relations w Netherlands from 1585-1603 (end)

Answer 93

Treaty of Nonsuch 1585 Sends army to help Dutch rebels Earl of Leicester wastes supplies and argues with Dutch army

Question 94

How were relations w Spain from 1585-1603 (end)

Answer 94

Only 2 provinces remained Protestant William of Orange assassinated Philip in agreement w France, maybe support Mary Elizabeth sends troops to Netherlands to help Dutch Protestants under command of Earl of Leicester Fought against each other Drake sailed into Cadiz and singed the King of Spain’s beard Preparation for Spanish Armada 1588 Spanish Armada

Question 95

How were relations w France from 1585-1603 (end)

Answer 95

HIV defeated Catholic league Catholics and Spanish sent troops to Brittany

Question 96

How were relations w Scotland from 1585-1603 (end)

Answer 96

1586 Babington Plot Government of Scotland passed to Protestant Lord and maintained good relationship w England 1586 Treaty of Berwick, James pays £4000 pension per annum

Question 97

How were relations w Ireland from 1585-1603 (end)

Answer 97

finally smth interesting Earl of Tyrone Irish contingent exploited in 1596 Armada Irish victorious at Battle of Yellow Ford Tyrone controlled much of Ireland beyond the Pale

Question 98

What was the situation w Netherlands at the end of her reign

Answer 98

Harvest failures Famine in Spanish army caused naval blockade

Question 99

What was the situation w Spain at the end of her reign

Answer 99

War drags on for 16yrs until both Elizabeth and Philip die now thats fuckin petty

Question 100

What was the situation w France at the end of her reign

Answer 100

HIV converted to Catholicism and made peace with Catholic league HIV made peace with Spain

Question 101

What was the situation w Scotland at the end of her reign

Answer 101

1587 Mary executed

Question 102

What was the situation w Ireland at the end of her reign

Answer 102

Earl of Essex sent to be error as disobeyed orders Instead of confronting Tyrone, made a truce

Question 103

What happened in the Northern Rebellion 1569

Answer 103

Catholic nobles from Northern England wanted to dispose Liz and replace w Mary and overthrow Cecil Get Duke of Norfolk to marry Mary

Question 104

What was the PC reaction to the Northern Rebellion 1569

Answer 104

Unanimously demanded Norfolk's execution

Question 105

What was Beth's reaction to the Northern Rebellion 1569

Answer 105

Appalled i mean so wud i b Urged Scots to restore Mary on their throne so wud leave England alone

Question 106

What was the Ridolfi Plot 1571

Answer 106

Planned to assassinate and replace w Mary im sensing a pattern here Involved Philip II, Pope, Duke of Norfolk and Mark that gotta b humbling to bethaldrine

Question 107

How did the PC react to the 1571 Ridolfi Plot

Answer 107

Persuaded Elizabeth to summon Parliament Needed to raise money Secure execution of Norfolk and Mary 2 bills made by Cecil to have them executed just needed E to sign

Question 108

What was Parliament's reaction to the 1571 Ridolfi Plot

Answer 108

2 bills - execute Mary and barring her from succession 2 acts passed - banned Papal Bulls and high treason to deny E as queen queen elishka i like dat

Question 109

How did Elizabeth react to the 1571 Ridolfi Plot

Answer 109

Delayed 2 times signing M's death warrant she was like blud is blud, young blud Finally agreed on Norfolk's execution Only considered barring M from succession

Question 110

What was the 1583 Throckmorton Plot

Answer 110

To assassinate and replace w M AGAIN Francis Throckmorton guy involved confessed after torture Wanted to restore RC

Question 111

How did the PC react to the 1583 Throckmorton Plot

Answer 111

Tortured and executed Throckmorton Established Bond of Association

Question 112

What was the 1583 Bond of Association

Answer 112

In event of E's murder, rebels would not benefit mm ok

Question 113

How did Parliament react to the 1583 Throckmorton Plot

Answer 113

1585 Act = expulsion of RC priests Treason to become priests and death penalty to help them a bit outta pocket kid was tryna help a priest who fuckin fell n now he lives in the gallows Treason extended on cause of plots ok thats fair ig

Question 114

How did E react to the 1583 Throckmorton Plot

Answer 114

Throckmorton was executed and Mary was moved to Tutbury Castle in Staffordshire, where she was held in isolation and allowed no visitors

Question 115

What was the 1585 Parry Plot

Answer 115

Found wax replicas of E (voodoo dolls) in House of RC priests to try and end her life magically im not joking that fuckin happened Attacks increased William Parry worked for M and wanted E dead

Question 116

How did the PC react to the 1585 Parry Plot

Answer 116

Felt betrayed by William Parry i dont believe that is the biggest issue they were facing at the time

Question 117

What was Parliament's reaction to the 1585 Parry Plot

Answer 117

Was a bill issued for the Queen's safety um why was that not their first reaction from THE FUCKIN REBELLION sorry i rlly like lizzie im just a concerned citizen New law ordering all seminary priests to leave England within 40 days Suffer high treason penalty if not i mean they shudve seen it comin was kinda their fault voodoo shitzoos

Question 118

What was Elizabeth's reaction to the 1585 Parry Plot

Answer 118

Shocked at use of witchcraft me too bitch Betrayal from within her gov since Parry also worked for her Reaction overall was minimal

Question 119

What was the 1586 Babington Plot

Answer 119

Murder Elizabeth and release Mary from captivity Was monitored by Walsingham's spies and saw Mary's reply to Babington's coded letter showing her involvement Caused her death the following yr stupid mf

Question 120

What was the PC reaction to the 1586 Babington Plot

Answer 120

Persuaded reluctant E to put M on trial where M was found guilty Pushed E to sign death warrant M executed on 8th Feb 1587

Question 121

What was Parliament's reaction to the 1586 Babington Plot

Answer 121

Delegations from houses visiting Queen at Richmond Demand M execution Repeated that M must die AND I MUST B THE ONE TO KILL HER

Question 122

What was Elizabeth's reaction to the 1586 Babington Plot

Answer 122

Tried to find other ways of dealing w M E in tears w M's letter abt her involvement n her begging for mercy Rumour E only signed death warrant as was signing other papers n wasnt paying attention but i dont buy it not one bit

Question 123

What were the possible solutions to the problem of MQOS

Answer 123

Restore Mary to her Scottish throne Surrender Mary into the control of the Scottish Lords Allow Mary freedom of movement in England Allow Mary to go abroad Imprison Mary

Question 124

now discuss the probable advantages n disadvantages of each solution

Answer 124

trust tis useful

Question 125

What are arguments that suggest Elizabeth's FP towards Spain was weak and unconvincing

Answer 125

During Battle of Gravelines 1588 was Spanish attempt to invade England, commanded by Duke of Medina Sidonia But weather conditions meant initial plans were obstructed After battle 600 of men were killed n many injured, n wind changed direction of ship instead of heading them towards the North Sea Made the ships vulnerable Therefore England could secure victory because of Spanish vulnerability of men Policy of harassment rather than real strategy Weak English leadership

Question 126

Describe this harassment policy imposed by England onto Spain

Answer 126

Elizabeth impounded 400k florins that was intended to pay the army of Duke Alba Also angered Spanish by investing in John Hawkins who infuriated Spanish to extent of blockading him in Mexico in 1568 Elizabeth expels sea beggars from English ports in 1572, forcing them to land in Dutch Port of Brielle

Question 127

What are arguments that suggest E's Spanish FP was indeed not weak and unconvincing

Answer 127

She achieved her aims within the foreign sphere of increasing English reputation on international stage England relatively small and weaker power compared to Spain which was regarded as one of the world's greatest powers who prepared for Anglo-Spanish war from 1585-7 Therefore E's policy towards Spanish was strong as was able to exploit weather conditions and use as anchor to win Established national security vw tight money w planned military stategy

Question 128

What was the Treaty of Blois 1572

Answer 128

Between Elizabeth I of England and Catherine de' Medici of France France and England relinquished their historic rivalry and established an alliance against Spain

Question 129

Did England maintain good relations w France after the massacre of St Bartholmew

Answer 129

Yes u surprised

Question 130

Who are the Huguenots

Answer 130

French Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who followed the teachings of theologian John Calvin. Persecuted by the French Catholic government during a violent period, Huguenots fled the country in the 17th century, creating Huguenot settlements all over Europe, in the United States and Africa

Question 131

How much did women n men earn as servants per yr

Answer 131

Men = £2 Women = £1 how very progressive of them

Question 132

Why wud they use rain water not river water for baths

Answer 132

very random ik im just using sheets from class icba to filter out the useless shi Cos river water was infectious

Question 133

What was specifically noticeable abt the one-roomed thatched cottages that the rural poor wud live in

Answer 133

The darkness im not kidding its in the textbook

Question 134

What are some developments in architecture in her reign

Answer 134

Was the 'Great Rebuilding' Not E's money but her subjects' No longer defensive structures (moats, draw-bridges) But now graphic styles, better structures to host other figures Influenced by Italian Renaissance E-shaped floors

Question 135

Why was architecture development golden

Answer 135

Societal reformation, not just elites Boosted economy Global visitors Technology improved for new ways of building, e.g. more glass

Question 136

How did fashion develop

Answer 136

Gentry population increased More disposable income More ruffs Importance of upkeep and one's appearance Display of power and status

Question 137

How did theatre develop

Answer 137

Bible stories Actors punished less as vagabonds Had to be licensed Puritans still not approve Circular pit Women not allowed to perform But affordable for anyone Up to 2000 people Inclusive of all classes Only additional pay for cushion and higher seats

Question 138

How were books developing

Answer 138

Licensed printing press 'Chap books' = street cheap books more ppl cud read John Foxe's book of martyrs 1563 Propaganda

Question 139

How was art developed in the golden age not b to confused w the nazis very dif they had farmers we have calais

Answer 139

Armada portrait Establish power Gloriana portrait look up images in case im wrong <3 Did not have to b literate as was painting

Question 140

How did music develop during Elizabeth's reign

Answer 140

Used in E's court Patron of the arts she was all up in that bass in that bass no trouble or treble idk the lyrics Sunday church music More viola and keyboard instruments Saved musical culture of cathedrals and Oxford College when threatened by Protestant reformers

Question 141

Was this all Elizabeth's doing w golden age

Answer 141

Not necessarily dependent But she catalysed developments due to her personal interest in the creative arts

Question 142

How did economy develop in the later yrs of her reign

Answer 142

Set up trading companies of the Spanish, Dutch Cottage industries like nail making, soap manufacturing yes thats it rather useless if u ask me

Question 143

How was poor death rates looking

Answer 143

Most of death by starvation had decreased Most time pop cud b fed Only one subsistence crisis in 1590s Bitter yrs of bad harvest and harvest failure of 1594-7 helped shape poor laws

Question 144

What laws helped control outward religious conformity n why

Answer 144

Penal laws of 1571, 81 and 85 E didnt care what religion u were inwardly as long as u outwardly didnt cause trouble to her middle way policy

Question 145

What was the pop at end of reign

Answer 145

4 million

Question 146

What provided the basis for the Elizabethan poor law legislation?

Answer 146

1601 Elizabethan Poor Law

Question 147

Deserving poor

Answer 147

Those actively seeking work or were too old/young/ill to do so

Question 148

Impotent poor

Answer 148

Deserving poor subcategory - those who could not look after themselves because of age/infirmity/orphans

Question 149

Undeserving poor

Answer 149

Beggars/vagrants

Question 150

Attitude to Ireland

Answer 150

Ireland should be subjected to a policy of ‘Englishness’ in both religious and secular matters

Question 151

What happened in Ireland after the death of Elizabeth, under the rule of the new King James I?

Answer 151

Committed to return to policy 70 yrs later of entrusting rule in Ireland to local nobility, notably the unreliable Tyrone

Question 152

What was the situation like in Scotland?

Answer 152

So long as they remained an independent and separate state possibility of border conflict remained Continuation on borders of lawless subculture which placed large emphasis on casual violence and rustling of sheep and cattle created problems for authorities of both countries

Question 153

Where did food riots take place?

Answer 153

London Kent id start one too MORE MASHED POTATOES

Question 154

What were some examples of Catholic opposition

Answer 154

Church Papists Separatists Jesuits

Question 155

Church Papists

Answer 155

Catholics who outwardly conformed to the established church while maintaining their Catholic faith in secret

Question 156

Separatists

Answer 156

Separatists did not want a national church. Wanted parishes to establish their own churches based on the Bible's teachings By 1583, small groups of Separatists were emerging Their activities were illegal

Question 157

Jesuits

Answer 157

They were created to bring people back to the Catholic church (also known as the Counter reformation) Arrived in England in 1580 and were a direct threat to Elizabeth's rule Were treated harshly if caught, a law in 1585 called for all Jesuits and Priests to be driven from England Many executed

Question 158

Name some causes of poverty

Answer 158

Population growth Standard of living dropped Vagrancy rose Made care of poor now community's responsibility so increased taxes to help Rising inflation Poor harvests Starvation Real wages cut Enclosure

Question 158

How much did pop rise by in reign

Answer 158

From 3 to 4 million Rise in fertility and falling death rate

Question 159

What did the 1563 Act for the Relief of the Poor entail

Answer 159

Required all parish residents to contribute to poor collections, and further provided for the punishment of refusal to contribute

Question 160

What did the Act of 1578 establish

Answer 160

Transferred power from JPs to church officials in area to collecting new taxes for the relief of poverty established in 1572 act

Question 161

How was urbanisation a cause of poverty

Answer 161

Was a higher concentration of people in a small area (e.g. London) Meant larger number of people chasing few jobs and also more disease and an insufficient food supply

Question 162

What is rack-renting and how did it cause poverty

Answer 162

When excessive, extortionate rent is obtained by threat of eviction resulting in uncompensated dispossession of improvements the tenant himself made that was a lot of big words

Question 163

Why did Elizabeth only ask catholics n puritans to outwardly conform to her middle way religious settlement

Answer 163

She said she had 'no desire to make windows into men's souls' meaning she had no intention of intruding into the personal theological views of citizens only reduce conflict and religious upheaval/division by outwardly conforming