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Elizabethan Era > Elizabeth's Problems & Decisions > Flashcards

Elizabeth's Problems & Decisions Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s father?

A

Henry VIII

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2
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s mother?

A

Anne Boleyn

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3
Q

In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?

A

1558

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4
Q

How old was Elizabeth when she became Queen?

A

25

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5
Q

When was Anne Boleyn beheaded for treason?

A

1536

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6
Q

Who persuaded Henry to bring Elizabeth back to court?

A

Catherine Parr, his sixth wife

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7
Q

Who was Edward VI’s mother?

A

Jane Seymour

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8
Q

What denomination of Christianity was Elizabeth brought up under?

A

Protestantism

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9
Q

Give two languages she learnt

A

French and Latin

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10
Q

What skills was she taught?

A

Dancing, archery and riding

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11
Q

In what year did Mary I accuse her half-sister of treason and because of what?

A

In 1554, due to her suspected involvement in Wyatt’s Rebellion

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12
Q

Why was Elizabeth not put under trial under this accusation?

A

Others advised Mary that there was not enough evidence.

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13
Q

In what month and year did Mary die?

A

Nov 1558

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14
Q

Briefly state what the Privy Council contained. (2)

A
  • Advisers
  • Heads of governments departments like the Lord Treasury
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15
Q

Who was the Lord Treasury?

A

The person responsible for the crown’s finances and spending

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16
Q

How often did they meet?

A

Frequently, sometimes daily

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17
Q

What other aspect were the Privy Council also responsible for? Include examples of the things they would do.

A

Administration such as meeting foreign ambassadors and overseeing finances

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18
Q

Who did she make Secretary of State?

A

William Cecil

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19
Q

How many councillors did Elizabeth have compared to Mary?

A

20 compared to 50

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20
Q

For how many years after 1558 did Elizabeth avoid appointing her closest friend as an advisor?

A

4 years

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21
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s closest friend?

A

Robert Dudley

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22
Q

Around about how many councillors were nobles?

A

10

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23
Q

Who was the Exchequer, who the Privy Council were constantly in touch with?

A

The person who looked after the Crown’s money

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24
Q

At this point in time, who was expected to pay for all the costs of running the country?

A

The monarch

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25
Q

From where did the monarch usually receive this money?

A

Selling crown lands, feudal dues and fines

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26
Q

If the Crown needed extra money, who did they have to ask?

A

Parliament

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27
Q

In which situation would they need more money?

A

To finance a war

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28
Q

In 1558 how big a debt did Elizabeth inherit and because of what?

A

300,000 because of the war with France

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29
Q

What else made it difficult for the Crown to increase its source of revenue?

A

The rise in prices

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30
Q

What 3 things did Elizabeth do to strengthen the finances?

A
  • Severely cut down government spending
  • Monitored the costs of her household
  • Called in exchequer officers to balance the accounts
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31
Q

How much was made from selling the Crown’s lands?

A

600,000

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32
Q

By what year had Elizabeth paid off all the debt and made up a reserve of how much?

A

By 1585, with a reserve of 300,000

33
Q

What type of Protestant was Cecil?

A

Moderate

34
Q

Who did Elizabeth trust fully and ran the country with for 40 years?

A

William Cecil

35
Q

Who was Mary, Queen of Scots to Elizabeth?

A

Her cousin

36
Q

Who was Mary Queen of Scots married to?

A

Francis II of France

37
Q

Who did Mary Queen of Scots marry after the King of France passed away (this man was murdered)?

A

Lord Darnley

38
Q

What denomination of Christianity were France, Scotland and Spain?

A

Catholics

39
Q

In 1558 who was France at war with?

A

Both England and Spain

40
Q

Why did England and Spain ally?

A

Mary I was married to the King of Spain

41
Q

Who was the King of Spain?

A

Philip II

42
Q

Who did many Catholics want as the monarch instead of Elizabeth?

A

Mary Queen of Scots

43
Q

Which country was the most powerful and wealthy in Europe?

A

Spain

44
Q

What were the reasons for continuing the war? (4)

A
  • Military win would get reign off to a good start
  • Victory would end danger of invasion from France and Scotland
  • It would make Elizabeth look stronger
  • Calais could be regained, which would regain English pride
45
Q

What were the reasons for discontinuing the war? (4)

A
  • England was only in the war because Mary wanted to support her husband; there was no interest now
  • The Council said sources showed it was unlikely England would win
  • England could not afford to continue
  • Defeat would be a bad start to the reign
46
Q

How many people did the famine and epidemic of 1557 kill?

A

Over 200,000

47
Q

After how many months since Elizabeth was coronated and in what month and year did she sign the peace treaty?

A

3 months after in Jan 1559

48
Q

What was this peace treaty called?

A

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis

49
Q

How much did Elizabeth spend on military arms and munitions?

A

100,000

50
Q

What decision did Elizabeth make that increased the likelihood of a religious crusade?

A

Deciding that England would have a Protestant Church

51
Q

Whose proposal did Elizabeth reject?

A

Philip II

52
Q

In what year were the monasteries closed down?

A

1536

53
Q

What rebellion was there after the closing down of the monasteries?

A

The Pilgrimage of Grace

54
Q

What type of Protestant was Edward VI?

A

Strict Protestant

55
Q

When was the new Prayer Book introduced?

A

1549

56
Q

Catholics in which places rebelled after the introduction of the New Prayer Book?

A

Devon and Cornwall

57
Q

What was Wyatt’s rebellion?

A

Martyrs rebelling against the new change to Catholicism under Mary’s reign

58
Q

How many martyrs did Mary burn after Wyatt’s rebellion (people who refused to recant)?

A

300

59
Q

What denomination were most of the foreign princes that Elizabeth could possibly marry?

A

Catholics

60
Q

What would happen if the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth? (2)

A
  • Catholics subjects could now freely disobey her
  • The Pope could lead a religious crusade
61
Q

Were the majority in the North Catholic or Protestant?

A

Catholic

62
Q

Were most of Elizabeth’s advisers Protestant or Catholic?

A

Protestant

63
Q

What event made the Pope and the King of the Spain very unpopular?

A

The burning of Protestants in Mary’s reign

64
Q

What 3 things did she keep in the Church from Catholicism?

A
  • Crucifixes
  • Candles
  • Ornate vestments
65
Q

In what way did the country want Elizabeth to hand over power and why?

A

By getting married, because they believed, especially after Mary I’s reign, that a woman could not reign successfully.

66
Q

When was Elizabeth’s coronation?

A

1559

67
Q

What was the day of Elizabeth’s coronation called (a national holiday)?

A

Accession Day

68
Q

Why did some Catholics deem Elizabeth illegitimate?

A

Henry VIII was made the Head of the CofE and it was his AofC that approved his divorce with Catherine of Aragon. It was after this that he married Anne Boleyn and had Elizabeth. Some Catholics therefore believe only the Pope could authorise divorces and hence she is illegitimate.

69
Q

Which other suitor was turned down early on and why?

A

Prince Eric of Sweden because Sweden was a mediocre power.

70
Q

When was Dudley made a councillor?

A

1562

71
Q

In 1564 what was Robert Dudley now named?

A

Earl of Leicester

72
Q

Whose son was Archduke Charles?

A

The Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand’s son

73
Q

What were the two negatives of possibly marrying the Archduke?

A
  • He was Catholic
  • Opposed by Privy Council and Parliament
74
Q

Who was the King of France’s younger brother?

A

Francis, Duke of Alençon

75
Q

Which was the most serious out of all the courtships?

A

Francis

76
Q

Why did the marriage with Francis not go ahead?

A

The Privy Council and Parliament were yet again divided, as he was Catholic and a French prince

77
Q

Why did they try to decrease poverty levels and therefore famines?

A

It is likely that more people will join rebellions if they are hungry.

78
Q

In which year was the worst harvest?

A

1556

79
Q

In which year, after consecutive years of bad harvests in 1550s, was there a good harvest?

A

1558

Elizabethan Era (6 decks)

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