Elizabeth Whenham Flashcards
To study for Networking (25 cards)
What are the rules called which govern network communication?
Protocols
What three characteristics do all networks have in common?
Source (sender) Destination (receiver) and Channel
What does a protocol require to work?
An identified sender and receiver. Common Language. Speed and timing of delivery. Confirmation or acknowledgment of requirements.
What is the first step in sending a message? And what does it mean?
Message encoding. Which is the process of converting information into an acceptable form for transmission.
Describe Formatting and encapsulation (Think of the mailing a letter metaphor)
The message is formatted similar to a written letter: Identify recipient, Greeting, Content, Closing Phrase, and Identifier of the sender. Encapsulation is comparable to the envelope. The message is folded up into a smaller package and the address of the sender and receiver are placed on the front.
What is a frame?
A frame is the envelope that the message is encapsulated into.
What happens to a message that is to big for the size restriction of a specific network?
The message will be broken into separate frames and sent as many pieces. Each frame will have the sender and receiver information on it. The messages will be rebuilt once it arrives at the receiving host.
What is access method?
Is used to determine when someone is able to send a message. (They need to take turns so that messages don’t collide)
What is flow control?
Flow control is how much information that can be sent at one time and the speed at which it can be sent. It can be difficult for the receiving device to handle too big a message.
What is another rule for communication size other than flow control?
message size. This is the rule that will decide how many packets or frames the message will be broken into.
What is response timeout?
Specifies how long to wait for a response and what to do if that time is reached.
What is unicast?
Only one destincation
What is multicast?
The delivery of a message to a group of destinations simultaneously.
What is broadcast?
All hosts on the network need to receive the message at the same time.
What is a group of interrelated protocols called?
A protocol suite.
What are the higher levels of the suite responsible for?
They are focused on the content of the message.
What are the lower levels of the suite responsible for?
The lower levels are focused on moving data over the network and providing service to the upper layers.
List three common protocols, and their full names (not just the acronym) and what layer are they responsible for?
HTTP=Hyper Text Transmission Protocol=Application
TCP= Transmission Control Protocol=Transport
IP= Internet Protocol=Internet
Describe HTTP
Dictates the way the client interacts with the web server. Defines content and formatting of requests and responses.Describe IP
Describe TCP
Manages individual conversations. Divides the HTTP message into smaller pieces called segments. Responsible for determining the size and speed which messages are exchanged between server and client.
Describe IP
Takes formatted segments from TCP encapsulates them into packets and assigns the proper addresses as well as delivers them.
What is Ethernet? What two main functions does it serve?
It is a network access protocol. It provides communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data over the network media. It also takes packets from IP and formats them to be transmitted over the media.
What is the point of standards-based protocols?
Standards ensure that products from different manufacturers can communicate with devices from different manufacturers.
What is the difference between open standards and proprietary standards?
Open standards are used by everyone. Proprietary standards are developed or used only by one company, and they define how it functions.
