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Elizabethan Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Who was William Cecil

A

Chief advisor to Elizabeth and Secretary of State

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2
Q

Who was Mary queen of Scot’s

A

Queen of Scotland and cousin of Elizabeth

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3
Q

Who was king Phillip 11

A

King of Spain from 1556-1598

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4
Q

Thomas Percy

A

Earl of Northumberland. Leader of northern rebellion

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5
Q

Charles Neville

A

Earl of Westmorland. Leader of northern rebellion

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6
Q

Roberto Rodolfi

A

Italian banker and spy for pope. Carried messages from Mary queen of Scot’s to Duke of alba

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7
Q

Francis throckmorton

A

An English catholic who carried letters between Mary queen of Scot’s and the French and Spanish ambassadors

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8
Q

Anthony babington

A

An English catholic in charge of Mary queen of Scot’s custody. Carried letters for Mary

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9
Q

Duke of alba

A

Chief advisor to king Philip and brutal governor of the Spanish Netherlands

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10
Q

Francis Drake

A

Explorer and privateer. First Englishman to circumnavigate the world

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11
Q

Duke of Parma

A

General of Spanish army, involved in armada

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13
Q

Duke of medina Sidonia

A

Commander in chief of Spanish Armada

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14
Q

Walter Raleigh

A

A statesman, soldier writer and explorer. Responsible for organising colony of Virginia

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15
Q

Lord Howard of effingham

A

Commanded English fleet against armada

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16
Q

Who helped run the government

A

Growing class of merchants

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17
Q

Yeoman and tenant farmers

A

Rented land to others, if they could prove ownership to their land yeoman could vote in parliament

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18
Q

When did Elizabeth become queen

A

1558

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19
Q

Elizabethan England 1558

A

It was hierarchal and everyone knew their place in society

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20
Q

What was the centre of all political power during Eliabeths reign

A

The royal court

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21
Q

Privy council

A

they were a group of leading nobles and they advised Elizabeth

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22
Q

How many people were on the privy council

A

19 men

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23
Q

Nobles

A

About 100 nobles and were expected to deal with social unrest and crime in their lands

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24
Q

Who was in the gentry

A

Lesser nobles, knights and lawyers ( they helped

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25
Q

When would Elizabeth call parliament

A

When it was about finance. Elizabeth needed parliament to grant money from taxes to pay for the running and defence of the country

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26
How many times was parliament called between 1558-88
9 times
27
Who was at the base of the heir-achy
Labourers, serpents, poor
28
Elizabeth’s personal problems
Many catholics believed she was illegitimate and had no right to the throne. Because she wasn’t married people believed she would not be strong. Marriage would lead to an heir and Elizabeth wasn’t married so no heir could be produced- issue of succession.
29
Elizabeth’s strengths
Brought up Protestant, well educated, spoke many different languages, she was strong as she was brought up without a mother, cautious
30
What were Tudor monarchs expected to pay for
Costs of running England
31
In 1558 where was England likely to be invaded by
France
32
War against France in 1557
Meant Elizabeth inherited a loss of £300,000 and Calais had just been lost which was a valuable port for England
33
Government spending when Elizabeth became queen
Was high, despite her being in debt she spent £100,000 on arms and munitions
34
Mary queen of Scot’s
Many French believed mqs should be ruler as she was catholic legitimate and had a heir and was married to the French kings som
35
Mary 1 religion
She had reinforced Roman Catholicism which caused great resentment among Protestants but pleased catholics
36
Elizabeth’s religious settlement
Tried to create a settlement which would satisfy all religious groups, acts of supremacy and uniformity, all government officials and clergy had to swear an oath to Elizabeth, all church services had to be in English, the prayer book had to be used in English too, some catholic features were restored ( candles, vestments), clergy were allowed to marry, failed to attend church equalled a fine , settlement didn’t cause any rebellions
37
When was the fine introduced for catholics not attending church
1559
38
When was the religious settlement
1559
39
Act of supremacy
The act that made Elizabeth head of church
40
Act of uniformity
The act the specified the form of the church service which had to follow throughout England
41
Royal injunction
Set of instructions ordered by sir William Cecil on behalf of the queen for the clergy to follow
42
Clergy
People who have been trained and approved for carrying out religious services in church
43
Church of England, and its role in society
Vast majority of people went to church at least once a week, people’s lives revolved around the church, church ran schools and organised social events for the parish, leading a good life with the church would lead to a good afterlife
44
When did the dissatisfaction grow with Elizabethan and the religion of England
After 1569
45
Puritan challenge
Happy the Protestantism was the official religion of England but they were frustrated that Elizabeth had introduced catholic tendencies in the religion
46
When did Elizabeth make all puritans priests resign by
1583
47
Catholic challenge
Many catholics in the House of Lords spoke against the settlement but they were unable to prevent the passing of acts, catholics were upset that the settlement did not permit Latin mass,
48
What did catholics do because they couldn’t have Latin mass
Held mass in catholic nobles houses
49
Catholic threat (papacy)
At first the papacy did not challenge the settlement because it felt that Elizabeth may change her mind, but pope pius v excommunicated Elizabeth in 1970, the excommunication encouraged catholics not to obey Elizabeth
50
What was the papacy
System of rcc government headed by the pope
51
What was excommunication
Expulsion from the rcc
52
What was the House of Lords
Upper house of parliament, consisted of 100 lords , bishops and judges
53
Who was the base of heirchacy
Labourers, poor
54
Who was mqs married to and when did he die
Married to son of French king, died in 1560 - this made Mary a threat to Elizabeth
55
When did mqs arrive in England
1568
56
Mary’s arrival in England
Mary was Elizabeth’s cousin and heir but Elizabeth had not declared her as successor, Mary claimed Elizabeth was not a rightful queen as she was illegitimate, Mary had been forced to abdicate because she was involved in the murder of her second husband, Elizabeth decided to keep Mary in captivity to prevent plots being plotted against her with other catholics, Elizabeth did not wish to execute a fellow monarch, Mary’s arrival increased Elizabeth’s fear of plots and rebellions
57
When did Mary abdicate from Scottish throne
1567
58
When did Mary flee to England
1568
59
Relations between Elizabeth and Mary ( 1568-9)
On arriving in England Mary wanted Elizabeth to help her gain the Scottish throne back , but Elizabeth refused because she didn’t want to cause controversy with the Scottish nobles, the Scot’s wanted to put her on trial but Elizabeth feared catholic reaction home and abroad on the other hand she would accept her as her rightful heir but Elizabeth was concerned about Scottish and English reactions, Elizabeth’s fears were justified when the revolt of the Northern earls happened
60
When was the revolt of the northern earls
1569
61
Reasons for the revolt of the northern earls
Duke of Norfolk planned to Marry mary, Norfolk wanted to increase the influence of catholics at court, they wished to restore Catholicism
62
Who was William Cecil
Elizabeth’s most trusted councillor
63
Significance of the revolt of the northern earls
Expected help from Spain and pope did not materialise, most catholics did not join the revolt, Elizabeth was popular and there was no widespread desire to remove her, her forces were larger than the rebels anticipated and caused them to retreat hastily
64
Elizabeth’s force against the revolt of the northern earls
She raised a force of about 10,000 men which was an indication of support for her
65
Elizabeth’s punishment for the rebels
She confiscated land from the rebels and executed about 600 of them, Duke of Northumberland was executed in 1572
66
Anthony babington
Member of catholic gentry, involved in babington plot, executed in 1586
67
Francis throckmorton
Devout Roman Catholic who plotted against Elizabeth
68
Roberto Rodolfi
Involved in the revolt of the northern earls
69
When was the ridolfi plot
1571
70
Rodolfi plot
Many used Rodolfi to carry messages to the pope and Philip 11 of Spain asking them to organise invasion of England, the aim was to assassinate Elizabeth, Elizabeth had been excommunicated in 1570 and many Catholics rebelled against her, government spies and informers discovered the plot so it failed
71
72
What was parliament consisted of
House of Lords and commons. 100 bishops, lords and judges. Lower house of parliament. About 450 mps in common who were elected by wealthy landowners

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