Elizabethan England

Question 1

What title was William Cecil elevated to in 1571?

Answer 1

Lord Burghley

Question 2

From the 1570s which group truly dominated the Privy Council?

Answer 2

Protestants - e.g. Leicester, Walsingham, and Mildmay

Question 3

Which duke’s execution in 1572 helped protestants dominate the Privy Council?

Answer 3

Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk (due to his involvement in the Ridolfi Plot)

Question 4

Examples of Conservatives that remained in the Privy Council after Norfolk’s execution?

Answer 4

Christopher Hatton, James Croft, and The Earl of Sussex

Question 5

What benefits came from having a split Privy Council?

Answer 5

Healthy debate and no dominant individual emerging

Question 6

However by the 1590s factional hatred arose within the Privy Council between which members?

Answer 6

Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex and Robert Cecil

Question 7

When did one of the two Privy Council rivals of 1590 launch a failed rebellion?

Answer 7

1601 - The Essex Rebellion

Question 8

What prompted Elizabeth to summon 11/13 of the parliaments she summoned in her reign?

Answer 8

Extraordinary revenues (new taxes)

Question 9

What caused Elizabeth to silence, berate, and even arrest MPs?

Answer 9

Their eagerness for her to get married and name a successor

Question 10

An MP imprisoned (twice!) for refusing to zip it?

Answer 10

Peter Wentworth - spent time in the Tower

Question 11

Which monarch fled to England for 20 years (from 1567)?

Answer 11

Mary, Queen of Scots (beheaded in February 1587

Question 12

What did Elizabeth do with MQS 1567-1586?

Answer 12

Kept her under house arrest in place like Sheffield Castle

Question 13

Name three Catholic Plots MQS inspired

Answer 13

Ridolfi (1571), Throckmorton (1583), and Babington (1586)

Question 14

Name 3 foreign powers (not necessarily countries) involved in the MQS plots

Answer 14

France, Spain, and The Pope

Question 15

Which treaty secured peace with Scotland’s James VI?

Answer 15

Treaty of Berwick (1586)

Question 16

Elizabeth’s knighting of which privateer angered Spain?

Answer 16

Francis Drake

Question 17

Where did Protestants rise up against Spanmish rule, 1567?

Answer 17

The Netherlands - Phillip’s Duke of Alba sent to crush it

Question 18

What aid did Elizabeth initially send to William of Orange in the Netherlands in 1567?

Answer 18

Nothing official but secretly money and volunteers!

Question 19

Who did Elizabeth initally offer shelter to from Spain’s fury?

Answer 19

Dutch Sea Beggars - Protestant privateers

Question 20

How did Elizabeth come by 400,000 florins (to Spain’s fury)?

Answer 20

A payment for Alba’s troops blew into an English port

Question 21

What treaty saw Elizabeth commit 7,000 troops to the Dutch?

Answer 21

Nonsuch, 1585 - they were led, poorly, by the Earl of Leicester

Question 22

By 1594, Maurice of Nassau (with 8k English troops) had achieved…?

Answer 22

Freedom for the northern provinces of the Netherlands

Question 23

What did Spain launch against Elizabeth in July 1588?

Answer 23

The Spanish Armarda

Question 24

What sea battle saw the Spanish Armarda broken by Howard and Drake?

Answer 24

Gravelines

Question 25

Which French group did Elizabeth shelter in 1572?

Answer 25

Huguenots (Protestants) - persecuted by the Guises

Question 26

Who invaded France when a PROT (Henry IV) took over?

Answer 26

Spain - the Duke of Parma

Question 27

Name 2 commanders Elizabeth sent to defend Henry IV

Answer 27

Lord Willoughby (Arques) and John Norris (Brittany)

Question 28

By 1598, who held sway in France - partly due to Elizabeth?

Answer 28

Henry VI (although now a converted RC he was tolerant of protestantism)

Question 29

What 'Controversy' did Puritan clergymen spark, 1560s?

Answer 29

Vestarian Controversy - refusal to wear vestments

Question 30

What did Archbishop Parker issue to enforce Elizabeth's will?

Answer 30

Advertisements, 1566 (=37 London clergymen fired)

Question 31

What specific faith were Field, Cartwright, TUrner, and Cope?

Answer 31

Presbytarians (radical Puritans, protestants critical of church hierarchy)

Question 32

What Book did Presbytarians like Cartwright reject due to its Popeish elements?

Answer 32

The Common Book of Prayer

Question 33

What did Archbishop Whitgift issue to fight back against Presbytarians?

Answer 33

The Three Articles ('acceptance' of the Book)

Question 34

What specific faith were Barrow, Greenwood, and Penry?

Answer 34

Separatists (extreme Puritans, moreso than the Presbytarians)

Question 35

What did Separatists reject that was deemed treasonous?

Answer 35

Elizabeth's status as Supreme Governor of the COE

Question 36

What did the Act against Seditious Sectaries sanction?

Answer 36

Separatist executions (1593)

Question 37

What action did the Pope take against Elizabeth in 1570?

Answer 37

He excommunicated her (= call on RC's to rebel/kill)

Question 38

What happened to the fine imposed upon recusants?

Answer 38

Doubled to £20 per month (from 1581)

Question 39

Who were given 40 days to leave upon pain of death?

Answer 39

All Catholic priests (123 executed 1586 - 1603!)

Question 40

Who were Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons?

Answer 40

Jesuits (sent to England to plot a Catholic rebellion)

Question 41

Name the three noblemen linked to Northern Rebellion?

Answer 41

Norfolk, Northumberland and Westmorland

Question 42

When did the Northern Rebellion take place?

Answer 42

1569

Question 43

Who did the Northern Rebellion aim to wed Norfolk to?

Answer 43

Mary, Queen of Scots

Question 44

What illegal religious act did the Northern Rebellion perform in Durham?

Answer 44

Mass

Question 45

Where did the rebels flee to in the face of royal troops?

Answer 45

Scotland

Question 46

What did Acts in 1572, 1576, 1598, and 1601 transform?

Answer 46

State support for the impoverished

Question 47

Who was to pay for State Aid for the impoverished?

Answer 47

Local Ratepayers (tax)

Question 48

What was in store for persistent beggars?

Answer 48

Flogging/sent to the Navy/The Hangman's Noose

Question 49

What Company was set up in 1600 to fix a link to Asia?

Answer 49

East India Company

Question 50

Which courtier tried to establish a new colony overseas, and what did he name it in honour of the Queen?

Answer 50

Walter Raleigh, Virginia

Question 51

Which slave merchant did Elizabeth supply ships to in 1564?

Answer 51

John Hawkins (1st Englishmen to transport Africans)

Question 52

Why didn't Elizabeth marry the 'apple of her eye' - Leiceser?

Answer 52

Fear of scandal - his wife (amy Robsart) died rather suspiciously

Question 53

Why didn't Elizabeth marry her 'frog' - Francis, Duke of Anjou

Answer 53

French and Catholic - Leicester, Walsingham, and Public Opposition

Question 54

What was the benefit in being cast as the Virgin Queen?

Answer 54

Propaganda - her subjects were then her children = loyalty

Question 55

Did Elizabeth ever confirm Mary, Queen of Scots as heir?

Answer 55

No!

Question 56

Why did Elizabeth resist having a clear succession plan?

Answer 56

Avoid an angry coup / keep multiple people's hopes up

Question 57

Who did Elizabeth gesture consent to as her successor?

Answer 57

Her Nephew - James VI of Scotland