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GCSE History > Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Elizabethan England Flashcards

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1
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Elizabeth I
Queen of England from 1558 until 1603.

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2
Q

Mary I

A

Elizabeth’s sister, reigned before her, died in 1558.

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3
Q

Anne Boleyn

A

Elizabeth’s mother, executed for treason.

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4
Q

Illegitimacy

A

Elizabeth declared illegitimate due to her mother’s marriage.

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5
Q

Protestant

A

Religion Elizabeth adhered to, opposed by Catholics.

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6
Q

Charismatic

A

Elizabeth’s trait that helped win subjects’ support.

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7
Q

Political Cleverness

A

Elizabeth’s skill to navigate complex political landscape.

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8
Q

Patronage

A

System of favoring courtiers with important roles.

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9
Q

Court

A

Group of noble advisers and friends to the queen

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10
Q

Justices of the Peace

A

Landowners maintaining law and order locally.

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11
Q

Lord Lieutenants

A

Noblemen ruling counties and raising militias.

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12
Q

Parliament

A

Legislative body advising the queen, passing laws.

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13
Q

House of Lords

A

Upper house of Parliament, composed of nobles.

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14
Q

House of Commons

A

Lower house of Parliament, elected members.

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14
Q

Court Life

A

Involves strict dress codes and personal governance.

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15
Q

William Cecil

A

Elizabeth’s longest-serving minister, Secretary of State.

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16
Q

Francis Walsingham

A

Queen’s private secretary, managed her security.

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16
Q

Robert Dudley

A

Close friend of Elizabeth, involved in court scandals

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17
Q

Babington Plot

A

Conspiracy to assassinate Elizabeth, uncovered by Walsingham.

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18
Q

Court Rivalries

A

Competition among courtiers to influence the queen.

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19
Q

Progresses

A

Royal tours to noble homes for public visibility.

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20
Q

Vagrants

A

Poor individuals seen as societal threats.

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20
Q

Nobility

A

Wealthy class providing hospitality during progresses.

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21
Q

Parliamentary Rights

A

MPs’ ability to criticize government actions.

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22
Taxes
Monarch requires Parliament's consent to raise.
23
Succession Issue
Concern over Elizabeth's lack of an heir.
24
Religious Settlement
1559 agreement establishing Protestantism in England.
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Privy Council
Advisory body assisting the queen in governance.
26
Court Dress Code
Strict regulations on attire for courtiers.
27
Political Influence
Courtiers sought to sway Elizabeth's decisions.
28
Religious Settlement of 1559
Established Protestantism as England's main religion.
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Succession
The process of determining the next monarch.
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James VI of Scotland
Assumed successor to Elizabeth, Protestant claimant.
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Elizabeth's Marriage Policy
Refused marriage to maintain authority and avoid conflict.
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Virgin Queen
Elizabeth marketed herself as unmarried and independent.
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Parliament's Role
Demanded Elizabeth name a successor, influencing governance.
34
Earl of Essex
Robert Devereux, ambitious courtier and Elizabeth's favourite.
35
Essex's Rebellion
Failed uprising against Elizabeth in 1601.
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Military Victories
Strengthened Elizabeth's authority, e.g., Cadiz 1596.
37
Declining Authority
Elizabeth faced challenges due to age and opposition.
38
Social Hierarchy: Nobility
Major landowners, including Dukes, Lords, and Earls.
39
Tenant Farmers
Rented land from gentry, part of agricultural society.
40
Landless Labouring Poor
Worked land for survival, lacked property ownership.
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Sumptuary Laws (1574)
Regulated clothing based on social class.
42
Obedience in Society
Expected respect and care across social classes.
43
Financial Independence
Elizabeth's reliance on Parliament increased due to taxes.
43
Elizabeth's Health
Remained healthy until late in her reign.
44
Bad Harvests
Led to food shortages and discontent in the 1590s.
45
Robert Cecil
Rival to Essex, influential in Elizabeth's court.
46
Elizabeth's Advisors
Key figures like Walsingham and Cecil influenced governance.
47
Elizabeth's Marriage Suitors
Included Dudley, Philip II, and others, but none succeeded.
48
Crisis of Succession
Unmarried Elizabeth faced potential disputes over heirs.
49
Essex's Overestimation
Misjudged support leading to rebellion failure.
50
Execution of Mary QoS
Removed rival threats to Elizabeth's throne.
51
Influence of Gentry
Gentry's rise diminished noble families' power.
52
Court Challenges
53
Court Challenges
Courtiers began to openly oppose Elizabeth's decisions.
54
Gentry
Class of wealthy landowners not part of nobility.
55
Privateering
Piracy sanctioned by the government for profit.
56
Groundlings
Ordinary people who stood in theatre pits.
57
Elizabethan Theatre
Purpose-built venues for plays during Elizabeth's reign.
58
Enclosure
Fencing off land, restricting common access.
59
Wool Trade
Growth in wool production impacting food farming.
60
Population Growth
Increase from 3 million in 1551 to 4.2 million by 1601.
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Deserving Poor
Those unable to help themselves, like the sick.
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Undeserving Poor
Those who could work but chose not to.
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Theatre Licensing
Required approval for plays to prevent rebellion
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Theatre Popularity
Appealed to all classes due to low costs.
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Political Themes
Forbidden in plays to avoid inciting unrest.
66
Economic Recessions
Trade restrictions causing unemployment in the 1580s.
67
Poverty Indicators
Spending over 80% of income on bread
68
Orphaned Children
40% of the poor were under age 16
69
Theatre Structure
Reflects social hierarchy with seating arrangements
70
Elizabethan Playwrights
Notable writers included Shakespeare and Marlowe.
71
Theatre Sponsorship
Nobility funded acting companies for prestige.
72
Social Class Attendance
All classes attended, reflecting societal structure.
73
Theatre Content
Plays often included themes of sex and crime.
74
Financial Help
Charity needed for those unable to provide.
75
Theatre Bans
Theatre banned in London by 1596.
76
Actors
Key figures in theatre, like Richard Burbage.
77
Queen Elizabeth
Supported theatre but did not attend performances.
78
Poor Rate
Local tax for funding poor relief efforts.
79
Statute of Artificers
1563 law regulating labor and poor relief.
80
1576 Poor Relief Act
Established support for the impotent poor.
80
1572 Vagabonds Act
Severe punishments for vagrancy and begging.
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GCSE History (1 decks)

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