elizabethan england - the golden age

Question 1

how did did culture change during the elizabethan period?

Answer 1

the queen set new fashion trends
english literature became more popular as more people could read
astrology became popular
change in architecture, maths history, the arts and even science

Question 2

what caused this change?

Answer 2

the gentry had disposable income which meant more money was spent on the arts

Question 3

give two ways that the gentry gained power

Answer 3

people of the gentry got into the privy council like walsingham and cecil who could then influence the queen

dissolution of the monasteries meant people could now buy land and gain money and power

Question 4

what is enclosure?

Answer 4

land was free for anyone to use but after the gentry bought the new lands they put fences around it and would charge peasants to use it

Question 5

why did fashion become so popular?

Answer 5

it became an important status symbol

Question 6

what were the statues of apparel?

Answer 6

laws which controlled the clothes people could wear depending on their social rank

Question 7

when were the statues of apparel passed?

Answer 7

1574

Question 8

list the key aspects of men’s fashion

Answer 8

hat
ruff
doublet
jerkin
cloak
trunk hose
sword
woollen

Question 9

what is a doublet?

Answer 9

a vest used to enhance the triangular shape of broad shoulders and a slim waist

Question 10

what is a jerkin?

Answer 10

a sleeveless jacket

Question 11

what is a trunk hose?

Answer 11

bag like breeches covering the body from the waist to the middle of the thigh

Question 12

what were key aspects of women’s fashion?

Answer 12

dyed hair
small hats
blackened teeth
ruffs
white make up
puffed sleeves
fitted bodices
under skirt
long full skirts 
over gown
farthingale

Question 13

what is a bodice?

Answer 13

the close-fitting upper part of a dress

Question 14

who inspired women’s fashion?

Answer 14

elizabeth

Question 15

what did dressing like elizabeth do?

Answer 15

dressing like her would flatter her and show your loyalty towards her (patronage)

Question 16

what was the great rebuilding?

Answer 16

the building boom and development of new ideas in architecture

Question 17

what was elizabeth’s attitude towards the great rebuilding ?

Answer 17

elizabeth herself could not afford to be a great builder however her subjects could and therefore she got to stay in grand houses on her progresses

Question 18

what type of building materials were typically used in this period?

Answer 18

stone or brick

Question 19

how were tudor houses laid out (externally)

Answer 19

E shape
gardens 
symmetrical
multiple floors
intricate chimney stacks 
expensive leaded windows

Question 20

how were tudor houses laid out (internally)

Answer 20

light rooms from the large windows
bedrooms were placed on the upper floors
great hall was no longer popular
decorative plasterwork

Question 21

when elizabeth would stay over what floor would she be on and why?

Answer 21

elizabeth would stay on the top floor because this was her place on the great chain of being

Question 22

what was the great chain of being?

Answer 22

elizabethan belief that everyone has a place in the structure of society

Question 23

where were theatres located?

Answer 23

south bank of the thames outside the wall of london and near brothels and bear baiting

Question 24

what was the layout of the theatre?

Answer 24

pits = where the poor groundlings would stand and watch for a penny
galleries = where the gentry would sit and watch
lord’s room = above the stage and where nobles and even the queen would go to show off and socialise
flag = would signal when a play was on

Question 25

were women allowed to perform?

Answer 25

no young boys played female roles instead

Question 26

where did the special effects take place?

Answer 26

the heavens

Question 27

who is christopher marlowe?

Answer 27

english playwright who inspired william shakespeare

Question 28

who is william shakespeare?

Answer 28

famous playwright who wrote 37 plays and founded the globe theatre

Question 29

what is propaganda?

Answer 29

biased or misleading information which promotes the government

Question 30

who were the plantagenets?

Answer 30

the name of the family who ruled before the tudors

Question 31

richard burbage

Answer 31

actor friend of shakespeare

Question 32

what book did edmund spencer write?

Answer 32

the faerie queen

Question 33

who was john foxe?

Answer 33

writer and wrote the book of martyrs

Question 34

what was the cult of elizabeth?

Answer 34

promotion of elizabethan propaganda through art, literature, architecture and theatre

Question 35

nicholas hilliard

Answer 35

elizabethan artist who specialised in miniatures

Question 36

give the 4 causes of the poverty crisis

Answer 36

war inflation population agriculture

Question 37

who paid for the taxes and wars?

Answer 37

the poor

Question 38

trade between which country was affected by war

Answer 38

netherlands

Question 39

why did food prices increase?

Answer 39

lack of food supply

Question 40

debasement

Answer 40

replacing the gold in coins with cheap metals which caused a decrease in the value of currency

Question 41

by 1600 by how much did food prices increase

Answer 41

500%

Question 42

by how much did wages increase

Answer 42

175%

Question 43

by how much did the population increase

Answer 43

1.5 million | 43%

Question 44

which years show the worst harvests?

Answer 44

1559 and 1596

Question 45

who were the deserving poor?

Answer 45

those who were too young, old or sick to work and were supported by the government

Question 46

who were the idle poor?

Answer 46

lazy, immoral and sinful criminals

Question 47

vagrants

Answer 47

homeless, unemployed beggars

Question 48

vagabonds

Answer 48

poor that travelled in groups terrorising towns

Question 49

what were the poor laws

Answer 49

set of laws which established some help for the poor

Question 50

1597

Answer 50

when the poor laws were established

Question 51

what was the poor rate

Answer 51

a tax used to set up workhouses and payments to the deserving

Question 52

what are almshouses

Answer 52

charitable homes set up for those who were too old and sick to work

Question 53

what is the house of industry

Answer 53

workhouses where able bodied poor were sent to earn money until they found their feet

Question 54

overseer of the poor

Answer 54

job in which they had to provide tools and resources for the unemployed

Question 55

house of correction

Answer 55

where those who were found begging would be sent as punishment

Question 56

what is canting

Answer 56

language used by the vagabonds

Question 57

gentry

Answer 57

social class who's power came from wealth

Question 58

what were the privateers?

Answer 58

group of naval explorers who were authorised by elizabeth to lead voyages across the globe

Question 59

astrolabe

Answer 59

compass which relied on the stars and made it easier to plot a ships course

Question 60

printing press

Answer 60

invented in 1492 and were used to print maps

Question 61

lanteen sails

Answer 61

triangular sails which made sailing easier

Question 62

english renaissance

Answer 62

encouraged scientific learning over traditional beliefs

Question 63

john hawkins

Answer 63

cousin of francis drake involved in slave trade 1562 attacked by spanish in san juan de ulua 1568 introduced tobacco to england

Question 64

sir franic drake

Answer 64

``` puritan who hated the spanish el draque captured 40,000 worth of silver 1572 circumnavigated the globe 1577-80 and returned with 400,000 knighted by elizabeth ```

Question 65

walter raleigh

Answer 65

``` was given permission to colonise any land that wasn't ruled by christians founded virginia and james town voyages to the new world reduced dependency on europe helped overpopulation introduced potatoes ```

Question 66

martin frobisher

Answer 66

talented military captain during spanish armada 3 attempted voyages to the new world looked for north west passage brings back 1350 tonnes of iron which he thought was gold stole riches from france knighted for defeating spanish armada

Question 67

james lancaster

Answer 67

``` solider and trader reached the far east sailed around the cape of good hope to india led to the BEIC made director of the BEIC traded silk, spices, cotton and tea helped improve scurvy with lemon juice ```