Elizabethan era Flashcards
(24 cards)
problems of legitimacy (Age is not one)
gender, marriage, her character and strengths
how did gender effect legitamacy? (for eg what did the christian religion say)
ppl thought women could not rule as monarc, that they werent physically/mentally or emotuionally capable
and christian religion taught wwomen shoukld be under authorit of men
Her legitamacy (henry viii marriage etc)
- pope refused to grant henry viii permission to divorce catherine and marry eliz mother in 1533
- and mary QOS (qos = queen of scots) declared herself as legitamate to english throne , concern as catholics may rally to marys claim to be englands monarch
fear of rebellion in 1558 due to
bad harvests 1550s, food prices rise and shortage of food
food riots coming from poverty was a real possibility in 1558
crowns debt - everything about it (like debt and how much they made per year)
- crown 300 000 in debt
- crowns income was only 286 667, the government did not have enough money due to costly wars fought before her reign
- lots of crowns lands were already sold to raise money to fight them
- she couldn’t raise taxes as that would make her unpopular and only done with parliament permission
pressure to marry (why she didnt want to)
needed to marry to “ensure safety and security of England”
she did not intend to marry, did not want to be side lined by a husband
threats from abroad #1
who were the biggest threats
France and scotland - had a friendship called The auld alliance
extra = england at war with france when eliz became quenn, gone badly, england lost calais which eng held 1347
religious settlement when was it, why need it, and what acts did it include (prevent ___ war, or a ___ country, and the 3 acts)
1558, the majority of people were catholic
had been serious responses to religious changes so eliz had to be careful
eliz believed everyone should follow same religion to prevent civil war or a divided country incase of an invader
so she tried to create balance, a “middle way”
these acts included
act of supremacy
act of uniformity
and the royal injunctions
act of supremacy what was it?
made eliz supreme governor of the church
church officials to take an oath of obedience to Eliz
act of uniformity what was it (rules on worshipping etc)
made Protestantism official faith of england
established rules for worshipping (refusal to follow results in punish)
established appearance of churches
established form of worship
church attendance on Sundays and holy days made compulsory, fine of 12 pence
eg prayer book to be used in all churches and exact wording of it to be followed by all clergy when conducting services
royal injuctions
set of instuctions to help further establish previous acts
eg .
all clergy to teach royal supremacy
no one allowed to prreach witout lickecne
pilgrimmages, monuments, face miracles banned
clergy wear special vestments
church ornament retained and be in use
challenges of the religious settlement #1
The puritan challenge :crucifix controversy
puritan bishops threatened to resign, queen had to back down but insisted on keeping a crucifix in royal chapel, so foregin ambassadors report back that her religious settlement not much different from theirs
puritan challenge:
Vestment controversy
1556, clear not all clegy wearing what eliz commanded
1556, so arch bishop of canterbury held exhibition in london to show vestments they must wear - 110 invited 37 didnt show up and lost their post
catholic challenge at home from nobility
earls of northumberland and westmoreland foudn their influence at court was greatly redced and dislike eliz new favs robert and william
the catholic challenge, when and what did the earls do
1569 earls led a rebellion, “revolt of the northern earls” - the aim was to restore Catholicism and place Mary on the throne
main consequence of the revolt of the northern earls, why pope did it and why eliz caused it
as elizabeth executed hundreds of rebels in towns and cities in response to rebillion
it had madded pope pius v, and he issued the Papal bull of 1570
a dangerous document that excommunicated elizabeth from the roman catholic church
what was the papal bull of 1570
it excommunicated eliz from the roman catholic church
catholic challenge from abroad
catholic church in England opposed spread of Protestantism, it wanted to strengthen catholicism, this campaign was known as the counter-reformation
1566 pope instructed english catholics not to attend church of england yet most still went
catholic challenge from france, what war and what did eliz do
1562 civil war france between cath and prot, may spread to england and end religious settlement
eliz helps protestants in return for calais, conflict ends 1962
consquences of catholic challenge from france
upsets catholic france and spain
catholic challenge from spain
philip II did not look fovurbly upon eliz settlement
threat of invasion concern as england did not have the resources to take on spain
was the most serious challenge but didnt become reality till 1588 where spain attacked for other reasons too
churches role in socitey was too… (what did they do, what did they deal with, how did people feel about religion)
- religion had a huge impact 16 century - was like not believing in trees
- church gave guidance to communities and some basic schooling for children
- people turned to chruch in times of hardship
- church was central point of villagge life
- church dealt with minor and moral disputes
- religion stirred up great emotions people willing to die
revolt of the northern earls what was their aim and what happened
1569, these opposed religious settlement and wanted to restore catholic faith
orderted tenants to join army
when appealed to nobles for help they denied - stayed loyal to eliz
mary qos was moved to prison prevented rescue attempts
royal army forces rebels to flee north
northumberland handed over and behead amongst other rebels, westmoreland escapes
significance of revolt of northern earls
was significatnt ( eliz had raised huge army and killed lots of people suggesting she was scared)
however not serious as earls fled in panic when hearing about approach of royal army
their support came from tenants rather than wealthy nobles, showing many stayed loyal to eliz
