Elizabethan Society in the age of exploration Flashcards
What does education like for poor boys and girls
No formal education. They learned from their families working on the land, or in the home. They needed to bring in a wage for the family.
What was education like for well off boys
Petty schools age 4-8: (reading, writing and arithmetic)
Grammar school age 8-14: (Latin, Greek, French, ancient and classical history, philosophy, archery, wrestling, chess and running
What was education like for upper class boys
Private tutors until early teens (Latin, Greek, French, ancient and classical history)
University (Oxford or Cambridge) from 14 or 15
Inns of Court in London trained lawyers
What was the education like for well of girls
Dame schools or educated at home by mothers
Reading and writing, arithmetic
Music, dancing, needlework, horse riding and archery
What was education like for upper-class girls
Private tutor until early teens
Then sent to another noble household to complete their education
Make useful social contacts and perfect skills expected of them as a noble woman
What sport did the nobility do
hunting, hawking, fishing, fencing, real tennis
What sports did working people do
football was a lower class game – could be very violent and had no rules
What are spectator sport in this time
such as bear-baiting and cock-fighting were popular – gambling was also very common
What was theatre like in this era
was also very popular with all classes in Elizabethan England – many new plays and purpose built theatres. Protestantism led to the development of new plays as many thought that the centuries-old plays were too Catholic
What are the reasons for poverty increasing
Rural
depopulation
Enclosure
International problems
Law and order
How did Rurel depopulation increased poverty
People moving away from the countryside to look for a better life lead to more poor in the cities
How did enclosure increase poverty
Farming techniques were improved and many of these techniques worked better if enclosed land was used. Enclosure involved merging smaller farms, evicting tenant farmers and higher unemployment
How did international problems cause poverty to increase
Poor relations between England and Spain led to trade embargos with the Netherlands which caused more unemployment
How did law and order increase poverty
Many people who had left the countryside were forced to live in shacks outside the city walls and were forced into begging or criminality
Who are the important Poor
deserving poor – unable to work through no fault of their own – they received more sympathy
Who are the able Poor
idle poor – able to work but not willing to do so – these people were treated more harshly
What are the three policies aimed to improve property
1563 Statute of Artificers
1572 Vagabonds Act
1576 Poor Relief Act
What was the 1563 Statute of Artificers policy
to collect poor relief money, more harsh treatment of beggars (Poor relief was financial help for the very poor paid for by a local tax called the poor rate
What was the third 1572 vagabond act policy
to deter vagrancy. Beggars sent to Houses of Correction
What was the 1576 Poor relief act
to help able bodied people find work. Elderly and sick given alms houses to live in
How successful was the policies aimed to improve poverty
Some success but poverty remained a problem throughout Elizabeth’s reign.
Most important change was that these laws recognised that unemployment was a problem that needed to be solved and that people were not unemployed out of laziness
What lead Elizabethans to explore
Politics
economies
new technology
better ships
Why did politics lead to exploration
Rivalry with Spain for naval dominance
Drake as a privateer targeting Spanish Ships
Massive rewards e.g. Americas full of riches; exotic crops, silver.
Financial rewards result in increased power and control
How did new technology lead to exploration
Quadrant/Astrolabe – new navigation
Maps/printing – Mercator map more accurate and printing meant they were used by more people
Ship design – Galleons were quicker, more manoeuvrable, more cargo space, more fire power
