Elizbeth Chapter 2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
When was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
Who was involved in the Ridolfi plot?
Roberto Ridolfi
The Pope
The Duke of Alba
Philip II
Duke of Norfolk
Mary Queen of Scots
What was the plan for the Ridolfi plot?
To murder Elizabeth
To launch a Spanish invasion against England using the help of the Duke of Alba and King Philip II
To put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne and reestablish Catholicism
For MaryQueen of Scots to marry Duke of Norfolk
What happened in the Ridolfi plot?
Roberto Ridolfi left England to repeat information and begin to discuss with the Pope, Philip II and the Duke of Alba, stating the Duke of Norfolk would lead the rebellion in England. The plot was short loved as William Cecil found out
How did Elizabeth respond to the Ridolfi plot?
- Elizabeth found out through William Cecil through a series of letters
- Enough evidence to commit Duke of Norfolk to the plot
- Duke of Norfolk executed on treason and conspiracy
- May QOS remains alive to prevent conflict
What was the significance of the Ridolfi plot?
-Reinforced the threat posed by Mary and the Catholics, and Spain
- Elizabeth concentrated on improving relations with France.
- Catholic priests were smuggled into England
- Parliament passed two laws against Catholics; converting people to Catholicism was now a treasonable offense and recusants would be fined £20.
When was the Throck morton plot?
1583
What was the plan for the Throck Morton plot?
- To overthrow Elizabeth, reinstate Catholicism and put Mary QOS on the throne
- Planned for the French Duke of Guise, the cousin of Mary, Queen of Scots, to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism in England.
- Philip II would provide financial support.
- Francis Throckmorton, was to act as a go-between with Mary.
What happened/ how was the Throck Morton plot uncovered?
- Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth’s Secretary of State from 1573, uncovered the plot.
- His agents found incriminating papers at Throckmorton’s house.
- ThrockMorton was arrested in November 1583, tortured, confessed, and was executed in May 1584.
What was the significance of the Throck Morton plot?
- The Throckmorton plot again emphasised the threat of foreign, Catholic powers
- It also showed the potential threat if the forces of Spain and France were to combine in future.
• Throckmorton’s papers included a list of Catholic sympathisers in England, suggesting that the government’s fear of English Catholics as ‘the enemy within’ was real.
• Life became harder for Catholics and they were treated with great suspicion by the government.
Many important Catholics fled England after the plot, and up to 11,000 were imprisoned or kept under surveillance or house arrest. - Another Act of Parliament was passed in 1585 that made helping or sheltering Catholic priests punishable with death.
When was the Babington plot?
1586
What was the plan for the Babington plot?
- Centred on the murder of Elizabeth I
- Encouraged English Catholics to rebel.
- The Duke of Guise would invade England with 60,000 men and put Mary on the throne.
- Both Philip Il of Spain and the pope supported this plot.
How was the Babington plot uncovered?
- Anthony Babington, a Catholic with links to the French, wrote to Mary, Queen of Scots, in July 1586 about the proposed plot.
- Mary was being closely watched and her letters were being intercepted and read by Sir Francis Walsingham.
- Once he had sufficient details about the plot, including the names of six Catholics prepared to assassinate Elizabeth, all involved were arrested.
What was the significance of the Babington plot?
• By 1585, relations between England and Spain had broken down and the English were aiding the Dutch Protestants in a rebellion against the Spanish. Thus Elizabeth’s situation was even more dangerous than had been the case with previous plots.
• Elizabeth’s government became determined to crush Catholicism. There were mass arrests of recusants in England, with over 300 in north London alone and 31 priests were executed.
• Mary’s execution ended any hope of replacing
Elizabeth with a Catholic heir.
What happened to Mary after the Babington plot?
- In October 1586, Mary was trialled by the Privy Council
- Too many plots surrounding her to believe her innocence
- Found guilty
- Elizabeth only signed warrant in February 1587 for the execution of Mary- most important plot
When was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
1569-1570
What were the causes and reasons for the Revolt of the Northern Earls- who was involved?
- Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Northumberland, Earl of Westmorland
- Loss of power as Elizabeth turns to Robert Dudley and William Cecile
- The earls had lost a great deal of their influence at court since Elizabeth I became queen in 1558.
- Loss of wealth of Earls due to loss of positions and taxes
- Elizabeth appoints a Protestant bishop for Cathedral of Durham, James Pilkington in 1561
- Elizabeth refused to name an heir or to marry and have a child, creating uncertainty about England’s future- could lead to civil war after her death
What were the key events of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
- Mary will marry Duke of Norfolk- believe Spain will support in 1569- to dethrone Elizabeth
- Robert Dudley finds out and tells Elizabeth
- Norfolk arrested however plot doesn’t end
- Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, encouraged by their wives, and 450 Catholics march to Durham Cathedral and hold a Catholic mass- strong Catholic support and threat
- Elizabeth moves Mary to coventry to avoid any more influence in the plot
- No Spanish support so the plot fails after rebels take Harleypool
- Northumberland executed in 1572 after escaping to Scotland
What was the role of politics in the revolt of the Northern Earls?
Under Mary 1, the Catholic earls of Northumberland and Westmorland had been very influential, both at court and locally in North England,
- Northumberland resented a rival Northern family, the Forsters. Elizabeth favoured Sir John Forster and gave him the task of looking after Scottish borders
- Northumberland felt his status was undermined and his relationship with Elizabeth never recovered. His religion further made William Cecil see him as a threat
Why did Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland want to revolt
Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland- lost his position in court and influence. He had also lost rights to a valuable, newly discovered copper mine
What was Jane Neville’s involvement in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Jane Neville, wife of Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, encouraged her husband to proceed in the rebellion. If the rebellion succeeded, she could be sister-in-law to the queen of England.
What was the role of religion in the Revolt of the Northern Earls
Much of North England held onto traditional Roman Catholic beliefs, despite Elizabeth’s religious settlement in 1559. Although she didn’t want to persecute Catholics, Elizabeth wanted their religion to eventually die out. She appointed James Pilkington, a committed Protestant, as archbishop of Durham in 1561.
By doing this, Elizabeth hoped to lessen the influence of Catholicism in the North. Pilkington became the most important clergyman in the north of England. His efforts to impose Protestantism were very unpopular, however, and only succeeded in turning many northerners against him and against England’s new religion.
What was the role of Mary Queen of Scotts in the revolt of the Northern Earls?
- Elizabeth I refused to name an heir. It was becoming clear that she had no desire to marry, and so would not give birth to the next king or queen. If she were to die before she declared an heir to the throne, England could be thrown into confusion - possibly even civil war
- Mary Queen of Scots had a strong claim to the throne. The revolt started as a wider conspiracy for her to marry Norfolk. The marriage would solve the problem of what to do about Mary, and and children they had would provide heirs
- Some beloved that if Mary married Norfolk and Elizabeth named her as heir, England would still have a Protestant monarch on Elizabeth’s death
What were the reasons for the failure of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
- Spain’s supporting troops never arrived
- Elizabeth managed to raise an army of 14,000 men for her cause
- Many landowners didn’t want to risk losing wealth gained from the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII by backing a failed revolt
- Robert Dudley found out and told Elizabeth, showing she had trusted advisors
- Huge proportion of Earls and Landowners didn’t join rebellion, wanted stability following Mary I
- Marriage between MQOS and Duke of Norfolk never took place
- Earl of Northumberland executed
