ELS Q2 QUIZ 2 (NUN NOTES)

Question 1

A cells characteristics are determined by the type of _____ produced

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

protein’s functions is determined by

Answer 2

genetics

Question 3

this is the most important of all because the carbohydrates we give are energy

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

various functions of proteins

Answer 4

catalyst, storage, transport, regulation, movement

Question 5

what the body cannot make so we need to intake it

Answer 5

essential proteins

Question 6

our bodies can produce the amino acids, even if we do not get it from the food we eat

Answer 6

non essential proteins

Question 7

what structure of amino acids is the most functional

Answer 7

quaternary structure

Question 8

accurate describing the chemical makeup of DNA and RNA

Answer 8

Albrecht Kossel

Question 9

received the Nobel prize award for the discover of DNA structure (3D, double helix)

Answer 9

James D. Watson and Francis Crick

Question 10

first to discover the double helix structure of DNA, X-ray diffraction

Answer 10

Rosalind Franklin

Question 11

stores genetic information

Answer 11

nucleic acids

Question 12

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 12

nucleotides

Question 13

3 parts of nucleotides

Answer 13

phosphate group pentose sugar, nitrogenous bases

Question 14

kinds of pentose sugar

Answer 14

DNA or RNA

Question 15

nitrogenous bases are divided into

Answer 15

purines and pyrimidines

Question 15

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 15

adenine thymine cytosine guanine uracil

Question 16

usually double ringed nitrogenous base

Answer 16

purine

Question 17

purines

Answer 17

adenine, guanine

Question 18

single ring nitrogenous base

Answer 18

pyrimidine

Question 19

pyrimidines

Answer 19

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 20

DNA base partners

Answer 20

cytosine and guanine, adenine and thymine

Question 21

RNA base partners

Answer 21

cytosine and guanine, adenine and uracil

Question 22

backbone of DNA

Answer 22

phosphate group

Question 23

where is DNA found

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 23

where is RNA found

Answer 23

cytoplasm

Question 24

DNA or RNA: long term storage of genetic information

Answer 24

dna

Question 25

DNA or RNA: single helix

Answer 25

rna

Question 26

DNA or RNA: it is synthesized from dna

Answer 26

rna

Question 27

DNA or RNA: self replicating

Answer 27

dna

Question 28

DNA or RNA: used to transfer genetic info on organisms

Answer 28

rna

Question 29

dna to dna

Answer 29

dna replication

Question 30

dna to rna

Answer 30

transcription once the dna is replicated, at the same time an RNA copy is also happening

Question 31

start codon

Answer 31

AUG (methane) there is no protein synthesis without this

Question 32

stop codons

Answer 32

UGA, UAG & UAA

Question 33

rna to proteins

Answer 33

translation

Question 34

DNA: TAC CAT ACT TAC repDNA:

Answer 34

ATG GTA TGA ATG

Question 35

DNA: TAC CAT ACT TAC mRNA:

Answer 35

AUG GUA UGA AUG

Question 35

DNA: TAC CAT ACT TAC tRNA:

Answer 35

UAC CAU ACU UAC

Question 36

energy capture process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the form of sugar (glucose)

Answer 36

photosynthesis

Question 37

stored energy in plants long chains of glucose molecules in plants

Answer 37

starch

Question 38

long chains of glucose molecules in animals

Answer 38

glycogen

Question 39

formula of photosynthesis

Answer 39

CO2 +H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2

Question 40

found in most photosynthetic eukaryotes and plants. used for photosynthesis. main site where photosynthesis happens. makes energy

Answer 40

chloroplast

Question 41

found in most eukaryotes. used for cellular respiration. it breaks down glucose to make ADP

Answer 41

mitochondrion

Question 42

- system that is suspended in the stoma and a collection of membranous sacs - where you can find chlorophyll - site of light dependent reactions

Answer 42

thylakoid

Question 43

- the aqueous field - sight of light independent reaction - is a colorless alkaline aqueous protein rich fluid present int eh inner membrane of the chloroplast

Answer 43

stroma

Question 44

- stacked thylakoid - where you can find stroma

Answer 44

granum

Question 45

factors that affect photosynthesis

Answer 45

light intensity, carbon dioxide, temperature, water

Question 46

as the light increases, the ___ the rate of photosynthesis is especially in the light dependent reaction

Answer 46

greater

Question 47

as the carbon dioxide increases, the ___ the rate of photosynthesis is especially in the light dependent reaction

Answer 47

greater

Question 48

temperature to have a good rate of photosynthesis

Answer 48

25 to 30 degrees celsius

Question 49

important in the adequacy of water in the cell and on the opening and closing of

Answer 49

stomata

Question 50

- Calvin cycle - takes place in the storm - do not require light energy because the dark reaction happens at night

Answer 50

light independent reaction

Question 51

This occurs in the stroma. Carbon dioxide is present in the stroma, as well as RuBP. These two need to be together. They will come together with the help of Rubisco, bringing them both together. And now, you can make 6 carbon molecules. RuBP has 15 carbons. Carbon dioxide has 3 carbons. This equals 18 Carbons. This is too big, so it needs to be divided into two. It becomes 3-Phosphoglyceric Acid / 6 3-PGA. This ends the process because it is now usable.

Answer 51

carbon fixation

Question 52

where does carbon fixation occur

Answer 52

stroma

Question 53

what are present in the stroma

Answer 53

carbon dioxide and RuBP

Question 54

how many carbons does RuBP have

Answer 54

15

Question 55

how many carbons does carbon dioxide have

Answer 55

3

Question 56

This equals 18 Carbons. This is too big, so it needs to be divided into two. it becomes

Answer 56

3-phosphoglyceric acid / 6 3-PGA