Elsevier Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
Liquid specimen must be processed within _____ upon collection
A
30 minutes
2
Q
Soft specimens must be examined within _______ upon collection
A
60 minutes
3
Q
Formed specimen must be examined within ____ upon collection
A
24 hrs
4
Q
Why should liquid specimen be processed within 30 minutes?
A
To preserve motile trophozoites
5
Q
Fixatives used in two-vial system
A
Formalin
Polyvinyl alcohol
6
Q
Fixative for one-vial system
A
Sodium acetate formalin
7
Q
Ratio of fixative to stool
A
3:1
8
Q
Concentration of formalin to preserve stool specimen
A
5-10%
9
Q
(Concentration methods)
Used for sedimentation
A
Formalin ethyl acetate
10
Q
(Concentration methods)
Used for floatation
A
Zinc sulfate
11
Q
Specific gravity of zinc sulfate
A
1.18-1.20
12
Q
What stain was used?
Cytoplasm is blue green/purple
Nuclear structures are red to pink
A
Trichrome
13
Q
Stain primarily used for intestinal protozoa
A
Iron hematoxylin
14
Q
Cytoplasm is blue to purple
Nuclear structures are blue to black
What stain was used?
A
Iron hematoxylin
15
Q
Stain for coccidian protozoa (oocysts are red)
A
Modified acid fast
16
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Intestinal nematode
17
Q
Roundworm
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
18
Q
Most common intestinal helminth infection
A
Ascaris
19
Q
Infective stage of ascaris
A
Ova (diagnostic)
20
Q
Largest intestinal nematode
A
Ascaris
21
Q
Ascaris lays _______ per day
A
250000 ova
22
Q
Enterobius vermicularis
A
Intestinal nematode
23
Q
Pinworm
A
Enterobius
24
Q
Most common intestinal helminth infection in the US
A
Enterobius
25
Specimen of choice for e. Vermicularis
Scotch tape swab
26
Infective stage of pinworms
Ova
27
Diagnostic stages of pinworm
Ova and larva
28
D shaped egg (flat on one side)
Enterobius
29
Enterobius eggs hatch in the _____
Small intestine
30
Ova hatch in anus but migrate back into colon for reproduction
Retroinfection
31
Other parasite that may be seen with pinworm ova
Dientamoeba fragilis
32
Necator americanus
Intestinal nematode
33
New world hookworm
Necator americanus
34
Infective stage of necator americanus
Filariform larva
35
```
Larva with:
Long buccal cavity
Small genital primordium
Cutting plates
Feeding stage
```
Rhabditiform
36
3rd stage larva
Short esophagus
Pointed tail
Filariform
37
Necator americanus migrates to the ______
Large intestine
38
Necator americanus ova are said to be indistinguishable from those of ________
Ancylostoma duodenale
39
Ancylostoma duodenale
Intestinal nematode
40
Old world hookworm
Ancylostoma duodenale
41
(Buccal cavity)
N. americanus : _________
A. duodenale : _________
Cutting plates
| Teeth
42
Strongyloides stercoralis
Intestinal nematode
43
Threadworm
Strongyloides stercoralis
44
Diagnostic stage of strongyloides stercoralis
Rhabditiform
45
Infective stage of strongyloides
Filariform
46
Strongyloides larva with prominent genital primordium
Rhabditiform
47
Filariform with notched tail and long esophagus
Strongyloides stercoralis
48
Bloody sputum
Strongyloides stercoralis
49
Trichuris trichiura
Intestinal nematode
50
Whipworm
Trichuris trichiura
51
Infective stage of trichuris trichiura
Ova
52
Ova are barrel shaped with bipolar plugs
Trichuris trichiura
53
Ova of T. trichiura possess bipolar ______ plugs
Hyaline
54
The _______ end of the whipworm resembles a whip handle while the _______ end resembles a whip
Posterior
| Anterior
55
Trichinella spiralis
Nonintestinal nematode
56
Trichina worm
Trichinella spiralis
57
Trichinella infections are fatal during
Migratory phase
58
Dracunculus medinensis
Nonintestinal nematode
59
Guinea worm
Dracunculus medinensis
60
Obtained through ingestion of infected copepods
Dracunculus medinensis
61
Causes amoebic dysentery/abscess
E. Histolytica
62
Leading cause of parasitic death worldwide
E. Histolytica
63
Infective stage of E. histolytica
Cysts
64
Trophozoite seen with ingested RBCs
E. histolytica
65
Cyst has 1-4 nuclei
E. histolytica
66
Cyst with 1-8 nuclei
E. coli
67
Resembles E. histolytica
E. hartmanni
68
True or false
| Cysts and trophs of amoeba in stool are diagnostic
True
69
Blot like karyosome
Endolimax nana
70
Cyst contains large glycogen vacuole
Iodamoeba butschlii
71
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
Acanthamoeba species
72
Eye involvement
| Keratitis
Acanthamoeba
73
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Naeglaria fowleri
74
N. fowleri has no known cyst form
| True or false
True
75
Naeglaria fowleri
Amoeba
76
Giardia lamblia
Flagellate
77
Causes traveler's diarrhea
| Giardiasis
Giardia lamblia
78
Clean looking
E. histolytica
79
Dirty looking
E. coli
80
Tear drop shape
Old man face
Sucking disk
Giardia lamblia trophozoite
81
Infective stage of D. fragilis
Trophozoite
82
D. fragilis has a possible association with which parasite
Enterobius vermicularis
83
Lemon shaped cyst
Chilomastix mesnili
84
Shepherds crook
C. mesnili troph
85
Nipple-like
C. mesnili cyst
86
D. fragilis
Flagellate
87
Chilomastix
Flagellate
88
Trichomonas hominis and vaginalis have no known cyst form
True
89
Jerky motility
T. vaginalis
90
Balantidium coli
Ciliate
91
Strawberry cervix
T. vaginalis
92
Large kidney bean-shaped macronucleus
Balantidium coli
93
Cryptosporidium parvum
Coccidia
94
Infective stage of cryptosporidium parvum
Oocyst
95
Isospora belli
Coccidia
96
Infective stage of isospora belli
Oocyst
97
Cyclospora cayatenensis
Coccidia
98
Infective stage of cyclospora cayatenensis
Oocyst
99
Microsporidia species
Coccidia
100
Infective stage of microsporidia
Spore
101
Infective stage of blastocystis hominis
Cyst
102
Central vacuole is surrounded by several peripheral nuclei
B. hominis
103
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
104
Infective stage of toxoplasma gondii
Oocyst
105
Definitive host of toxoplasma gondii
Cat
106
Cestodes
Tapeworm
107
Broadfish tapeworm
D. latum
108
Infective stage of D. latum
Ova
109
Almond shaped scolex
D. latum
110
Vit B12 deficiency
D. latum
111
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
112
Most common tapeworm in the US
H. nana
113
Rat tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
114
Rostellum with hooks
H. nana
115
Rostellum without hooks
H. diminuta
116
Sunburst appearance
Taenia species
117
Beef tapeworm
| Proglottids greater than 1000
Taenia saginata
118
Pork tapeworm
| Proglottids less than 1000
Taenia solium
119
Dog or cat tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
120
Infect stage of D. caninum
Larva
121
Seed shaped proglottid
D. caninum
122
Hydatid tapeworm or dog tapeworm
Echinococcus granulosus
123
Trematode
Flukes
124
Chinese liver fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
125
Large intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
126
C. Sinensis
Trematode
127
F. buski
Trematode
128
Sheep liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica
129
Heterophid fluke
Flask shaped
Piriform
Heterophyes heterophyes
| Metagonimus yokogawa
130
Oriental lung fluke
Paragonimus westermanni
131
Bladder fluke
Schistosomia haematobium
132
Large terminal spine
Schistosomia haematobium
133
Blood fluke
Schistosomia japonicum
134
Small lateral spine
S. Japonicum
135
Manson's blood fluke
S. mansoni
136
Large lateral spine
S. Mansoni
137
Babesiosis
Babesia
138
Babesia in US
Microti
139
Babesia in europe
Divergens
140
Maltese cross
Babesia
141
Lifecycle of malaria
```
Sporozoites injected
Invade liver cells
Liver replication --> merozoites
Merozoites invade RBCs
Schizogony
Gametocytes
Fusion of gametes in gut
Sporogony on gut wall
Sporozoites invade salivary glands
```
142
Malayan filaria
Brugia malayi
143
Elephantiasis
Brugia malayi
| Wuchereria bancrofti
144
Calabar swellings
Loa loa
145
Eyeworm
Loa loa
146
Vector of loa loa
Chrysops fly
147
Vector of brugia malayi
Aedes
Anopheles
Mansonia
148
Vector of wuchereria bancrofti
Aedes
Anopheles
Culex
149
Blinding filaria
| River blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
150
Vector of onchocerca volvulus
Simulium blackfly
151
New world filaria
Mansonella ozzardi
152
Vector of mansonella ozzardi
Simulium blackfly
| Culicoides midge
153
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis
154
Vector of leishmania
Sandfly
155
Visceral leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani complex
156
Dumdum fever
Leishmania donovani complex
157
Kala azar
Leishmania donovani complex
158
Black fever
Leishmania donovani complex
159
New world cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania mexicana complex
160
Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis
Leishmania tropica complex
161
Baghdad boil
Leishmania tropica complex
162
Delhi boil
Leishmania tropica complex
163
West african sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
164
Chancre
Winterbottom's sign
Kerandel's sign
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
165
Vector of trypanosoma brucei
Tsetse fly
166
East african sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei rhodiense
167
Chagas disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
168
Vector of t. cruzi
Reduviid bug
169
Chagoma
| Romaña's sign
T. cruzi
170
Typhus
Rickettsia prowazecki
171
Trench fever
Bartonella quintana
172
Relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis
173
Body louse
Pediculus humanus humanus
174
Head louse
Pediculus humanus capitis
175
Crab or pubic louse
Phthirus pubis
176
Deer tick
Ixodes scapularis
177
Lyme disease
Ixodes scapularis
178
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Dermacentor andersoni
179
American dog tick
Dermacentor variabilis
180
Cat flea
Ctenocephalides felis
181
Dog flea
C. Canis
182
Scabies (sarcoptes scabei)
Mites
183
Bed bugs are true insects
| True or false
True
184
How much stool specimen is needed
5g
