Elsevier Intro

Question 1

This is the regulated process of blood cell production

Answer 1

Hematopoiesis

Question 2

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 2

Bone marrow

Question 3

Red marrow: hematopoietically _______

Yellow marrow: hematopoietically _______

Answer 3

Active; inactive

Question 4

Yellow marrow primarily consists of _____

Answer 4

Fat cells

Question 5

_______ divide and progress to form mature erythrocytes

Answer 5

Pronormoblasts

Question 6

Stages from most immature to mature RBC:
1.
2.
3.
4. 
5. 
6.

Answer 6

1. Pronormoblast = 10-12um; 8:1
2. Basophilic normoblast = 10-15um; 6:1
3. Polychromatophilic normoblast = 10-12um; 4:1
4. Orthochromic normoblast = 8-10um; 1:2
5. Reticulocyte = 8-10um
6. Mature erythrocyte = 8-10um

Question 7

Stimulates RBC synthesis

Answer 7

Erythropoietin (released in the kidney in response to hypoxia)

Question 8

RBC lifespan

Answer 8

120 days

Question 9

Where is heme synthesized?

Answer 9

Mitochondria

Question 10

Normal hemoglobin is composed of ________ nested in ________

Answer 10

4 heme molecules; 4 globin molecules

Question 11

Heme is composed of a ________ with ______ at its center

Answer 11

Protoporphyrin IX ring; Fe2+

Question 12

The globin portion contains 2 pairs of globin chains: _______ and _______

Answer 12

2 alpha chains; 2 non-alpha chains

Question 13

Alpha and *** are controlled by _______

Beta, gamma, epsilon, and *** are controlled by _______

Answer 13

Chromosome 16; chromosome 11

Question 14

Mainly produced globin chains

Answer 14

Alpha and beta

Question 15

Primary hgb for gas transport in the body

Answer 15

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 16

Hgb containing Fe3+

Answer 16

Methemoglobin

Question 17

Hgb with sulfur

Answer 17

Sulfhemoglobin

Question 18

Hgb resulting from heme iron-binding CO.

Has high affinity with Oxygen.

Answer 18

Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 19

Mature RBCs have no mitochondria, so rely on anaerobic glycolysis for energy via the _______

Answer 19

Embden meyerhof pathway

Question 20

Offshoot pathways:

1. Regulates oxygen delivery to tissues by the production if 2,3 BPG
2. Protects RBC from oxidant damage by production of reduced glutathione
3. Maintains iron in the ferrous form for hgb to limit the production of methemoglobin

Answer 20

1. Rappoport-Lubering pathway
2. Hexose Monophosphate shunt
3. Methemoglobin reductase pathway

Question 21

• Phagocytic cells present in the peripheral circulation and destroys foreign substances and microorganisms
• majority of WBCs in adults

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

Neutrophil development

Answer 22

Myeloblast –> promyelocyte –> myelocyte –> metamyelocyte –> band –> segmented neutrophil

Question 23

Primarily increased in parasitic infection and allergic disorders

Answer 23

Eosinophils

Question 24

Basophils have ______ receptors that lead to their effectiveness in allergic and hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 24

IgE

Question 25

Earliest recognizable stage in neutrophil development

Answer 25

Myeloblast

Question 26

Last stage capable of mitosis in neutrophil development

Answer 26

Myelocyte

Question 27

_______: kidney bean shape _______: horseshoe form

Answer 27

Metamyelocyte; band neutrophil

Question 28

Related to basophils

Answer 28

Mast cells

Question 29

Neutrophil granule formed during the promyelocyte stage and last to be released

Answer 29

Primary (azurophilic) granules

Question 30

Neutrophil granules formed during band and segmented stages and is first to be released

Answer 30

Secondary granules (secretory vesicles)

Question 31

Eosinophil granules formed during promyelocyte stage

Answer 31

Primary granules

Question 32

Primary eosinophil granules contain ______

Answer 32

Charcot leyden crystal proteins

Question 33

Lymphocyte maturation stage

Answer 33

Lymphoblast --> prolymphocyte --> mature lymphocyte

Question 34

Major lymphocyte subgroups

Answer 34

T cells B cells NK cells

Question 35

Lymphocytes that mediate the immune response

Answer 35

T cells

Question 36

Lymphocytes which produce antibodies and also play a role in antigen presentation to the T cells

Answer 36

B cells

Question 37

Stains used to stain peripheral blood and bone marrow

Answer 37

Wright or wright-giemsa (romanowsky type stains)

Question 38

Wright staining 1. Fixative 2. Stains basic elements (acidic stain) 3. Stains acidic elements (basic stain)

Answer 38

1. Methanol 2. Eosin 3. Methylene blue

Question 39

Counting chamber used for manual cell counting

Answer 39

Hemacytometer

Question 40

Volume of packed RBCs occupying a specific volume of whole blood

Answer 40

Hct

Question 41

Final stage before an RBC reaches maturity

Answer 41

Reticulocytes

Question 42

Screening test for various inflammatory states

Answer 42

ESR

Question 43

Abnormal variation in RBC size

Answer 43

Anisocytosis

Question 44

Large RBC

Answer 44

Macrocyte

Question 45

Large, oval RBC

Answer 45

Oval macrocyte

Question 46

RBC with no central pallor

Answer 46

Spherocyte

Question 47

Elliptical (cigar), oval (egg) shaped RBC

Answer 47

Elliptocyte; ovalocyte

Question 48

RBC with slitlike area of central pallor

Answer 48

Stomatocyte

Question 49

Elongated RBC pointed at each end

Answer 49

Sickle cell

Question 50

Hexagonal crystal of dense Hgb

Answer 50

Hgb C crystal

Question 51

Fingerlike or quartzlike crystal of dense Hgb

Answer 51

Hgb SC crystal

Question 52

Target cell

Answer 52

Codocyte

Question 53

Results from rupture in peripheral circulation

Answer 53

Schistocyte

Question 54

Helmet cell

Answer 54

Keratocyte

Question 55

Spur cell

Answer 55

Acanthocyte

Question 56

Burr cell

Answer 56

Echinocyte

Question 57

Teardrop cell

Answer 57

Dacryocyte

Question 58

Inclusion bodies: ``` RNA: ________ DNA: ________ Hgb: ________ Iron: _________ Remnant of mitotic spindle: ________ Precipitate of beta chains on hemoglobin: _______ ```

Answer 58

``` Basophilic stippling Howell jolly body Heinz body Pappenheimer bodies Cabot ring Hgb H ```

Question 59

RBC indices

Answer 59

MCV MCH MCHC RDW

Question 60

Variation of RBC volume used to help identify the presence of anisocytosis

Answer 60

RDW

Question 61

Where are bone marrow samples usually collected?

Answer 61

Posterior superior iliac crest or sternum or anterior iliac crest for adults Tibia for young children

Question 62

Automated method for sorting cells

Answer 62

Flow cytometry