e.m

Question 1

rock

Answer 1

a combination of one or more minerals

Question 2

Mineral

Answer 2

a naturally occurring inorganic substance with a

specific chemical composition

Question 3

Igneous rock

Answer 3

rock made during a volcanic process

Question 4

Ion

Answer 4

an atom in which the number of positively charged protons is not equal to the number of negatively charged electrons

Question 5

Sedimentary rock

Answer 5

a rock formed from material derived from the weathering of other rocks or the accumulation of dead plants and animals

Question 6

Metamorphic rock

Answer 6

a rock formed from existing rocks by a combination of heat and pressure

Question 7

Rock cycle

Answer 7

a representation of the changes between the three rock types and the processes causing them

Question 8

Ore

Answer 8

a rock with enough of an important element to make it worth mining

Question 9

Prospecting

Answer 9

a process of searching for minerals

Question 10

Remote sensing:

Answer 10

a process in which information is gathered

about the Earth’s surface from above

Question 11

Surface mining:

Answer 11

a type of mining used when the mineral is either exposed on the surface or overlain by only small amounts of Overburden

Question 12

Overburden

Answer 12

the rock and soil overlying an economically

viable mineral deposit

Question 13

Open-pit mining

Answer 13

a type of surface mining

Question 14

Sub-surface mining

Answer 14

a type of mining used when the deposit is covered by a deep layer(s) of unwanted rock

Question 15

Adit

Answer 15

he entrance to a horizontal (drift) mine

Question 16

Strike rate

Answer 16

the frequency with which attempts to find a desired mineral are successful

Question 17

Supply and demand

Answer 17

the relationship between how much of a commodity is available and how much is needed or wanted by consumers of the product

Question 18

Environmental impact assessment

Answer 18

a process by which the probable effects on the environment of a development are assessed and measured

Question 19

Biomagnification

Answer 19

the process in which the concentration of a substance in living things becomes higher at progressively higher levels in a food chain or web

Question 20

Bioremediation

Answer 20

a process in which living things are used to remove toxic chemicals from a natural site

Question 21

fossil fuel

Answer 21

a carbon-based fuel, formed over many millions of years from the decay of living matter

Question 22

Fracking

Answer 22

the common term for hydraulic fracking, the process of obtaining oil or gas from shale rock by the breaking open to rocks using water, sand and chemicals

Question 23

Proppant

Answer 23

a material, such as sand, used to keep cracks in the shale rocks open to allow gas or oil extraction

Question 24

Double-hulled

Answer 24

a ship design that uses a second layer, allowing the cargo to remain safe if the external layer is damaged

Question 25

Extensive production

Answer 25

farming that is spread over a wide area and uses less resources per metre of land

Question 26

Intensive production

Answer 26

farming that aims to maximise the yield from an area using a large amount of resources

Question 27

Mulch

Answer 27

a natural or artificial layer on the soil surface used to reduce water evaporation and weed growth

Question 28

Contour ploughing

Answer 28

a technique where the furrows caused by ploughing follow the contours of the land

Question 29

Bund

Answer 29

an embankment constructed around the edge of an area to reduce the loss of a liquid (such as water)

Question 30

Euphotic zone

Answer 30

the top 200 m or so of seawater through which light can penetrate and in which photosynthesis can happen