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Emerging Techn > Em Tech Deptals > Flashcards

Em Tech Deptals Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Fundamental characteristic of
blockchain technology

A

decentralized consensus
mechanism

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2
Q

Blockchain generated that introduced
smart contracts

A

Blockchain 2.0

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3
Q

Blockchain that restricts participation
to specific group

A

Private Blockchain

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4
Q

Tokenless blockchain lack of what
compared to tokenized blockchain?

A

Transferable Value units

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5
Q

Purpose of private key in
cryptography

A

sign digital transactions

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6
Q

Cryptography that uses single secret key for both encryption and
decryption

A

symmetric key cryptography

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7
Q

Role of hash function in blockchain

A

create unique identifies for data

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8
Q

Wallet known for offline storage to
enhance security

A

Cold wallet

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9
Q

Primary function of off-chain solutions
in blockchain scalability

A

increase transaction throughput

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10
Q

Altcoins refer to what in blockchain?

A

all cryptocurrencies except bitcoin

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11
Q

Focus of Hyperledger in Blockchain

A

Enterprise-grade blockchain
solutions

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12
Q

Scalability solution with partitioning blockchain database to improve
performance

A

Sharding

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13
Q

Aim of Blockchain Trilemma to
balance

A

Decentralization, scalability,
security

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14
Q

What distinguishes a public
blockchain from private blockchain?

A

Open participation and
governance

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15
Q

Technology that allows devices with
limited resources to verify Bitcoin transactions

A

Simplified payment verification

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16
Q

Refers to stored energy of any form that may be converted to heat that is
ultimately lost to space

A

Non-renewable energy resource

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17
Q

Used for energy flows that are
replenish at same rate and defined as usage of energy storage reservoir

A

Renewable energy resource

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18
Q

Refers to property of system that
quantifies quality of energy contained in system

A

Entropy

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19
Q

Refers to irreversible process in which kinetic energy is converted to
sensible heat with increase in entropy

A

Friction

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20
Q

Created in some parts of interior of Earth due to radioactive
disintegration of atomic nuclei

A

Heat

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21
Q

A process in which the only change is
heat transfer from low to high temp

A

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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22
Q

It is used to deliver energy from sites
of generation and deal with temporal mismatch

A

Energy transmission

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23
Q

LCA that refers to scientific and technical analysis of impacts with a
product/system

A

Life-Cycle Analysis

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24
Q

LCA of political evaluation based on
analysis

A

Life-Cycle Assessment

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25
Which statement/s is/are correct (Chain analysis, system level analysis, partial system analysis)
All statements are correct
26
Strong international priority, to solve lack of success in creating economic welfare for inhabitants
Population stabilization
27
Energy used for drying purposes including heat, food preparation, and process heat for tool making
Solar energy
28
Implemented to generate electrical power from kinetic energy of air
Wind turbine
29
Four challenges in the way toward future, 4D Energy Transition
Decarbonization, Decentralization, Digitalization, Democratization
30
Two ways of allocating emissions (to financial owners, to those benefiting from product/service)
All statements are correct
31
NOT a component of Bayesian network
Training data
32
Process primarily focused on supervised learning, learn mapping from input to output based on training set
Prediction
33
NOT a basic rule of probability
Distribution rule
34
Gaussian distribution is also known as
Normal distribution
35
Parameter that fully defines univariate Gaussian distribution
Mean and variance
36
Posterior distribution represents ? in Bayesian inference
Updated belief about parameter after data observation
37
NOT a common method for approximating posterior distributions in Bayesian inference
Gradient Descent
38
Conjugate prior for Gaussian likelihood with known variance
Normal distribution
39
Meaning of prior to be conjugate
Posterior distribution is in same family as prior distribution
40
Commonly used method to estimate parameters in linear regression
Maximum Likelihood Estimation
41
NOT typically made about the errors/residuals in linear regression
They are equal to zero
42
NOT typically used for classification tasks
K-means
43
Role of sigmoid function in logistic regression
Map predicted values to probabilities
44
Hidden states represent ? in Hidden Markov Models
Underlying system states that are not directly observed
45
Often used as prior for real-valued quantity in Bayesian parameter estimation
Gaussian distribution
46
Parameters need to be estimated for each class in Bayesian classifier with Gaussian class-conditional densities
Mean and covariance matrix of Gaussian distribution
47
Core principle of Bayesian statistics
Using prior knowledge and observed data to update beliefs
48
MAP meaning in Bayesian estimation
Maximum A Posteriori
49
NOT directly related property of Gaussian distribution in central limit theorem
Highest entropy among distributions with a given mean and variance
50
Central limit theorem states ? about sums of independent random variables
They have Gaussian distribution
51
Algorithmic method proposed for message passing in Loopy Belief Propagation
Kschischang’s Algorithm
52
Role of regularization term in ML model
Reduce overfitting by penalizing large coefficients
53
PBFT meaning
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
54
Essential property for transactions in blockchain to ensure network integrity
Cryptographic security
55
Primary focus of Blockchain 2.0
Financial services and smart contracts
56
Concept of autonomous agents making decisions on behalf of people on blockchain
Machina Economicus
57
Blockchain tier associated with applications beyond financial industry like health and media
Blockchain 3.0
58
Challenged described by CAP theorem in Blockchain
Consensus, Availability, Partition tolerance
59
Main challenge addressed by PBFT
Agreement among nodes in presence of faults
60
Algorithm solved by Byzantine Generals Problem
Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance
61
Primary role of Earth’s magnetic field in atmospheric electricity
Influence movement of atmospheric gases
62
Height above ground is region of high conductivity
100km
63
Factor that primary contributes to generation of horizontal currents
Winds moving air horizontally
64
Main source of energy for biological conversion
Solar energy
65
Process responsible for energy stored in plants
Photosynthesis
66
Role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
Absorb solar radiation
67
Main products of LDR in photosynthesis
ATP, NADPH
68
Significance of redox potential in ETC
Represents energy required to transfer electrons
69
Importance of random numbers in computing
Used in cryptography and simulation
70
Main difference of classical bit and qubit
Classical can be 0,1; qubit can be in superposition of 0 and 1
71
QRNG in quantum computing
Quantum Random Number Generator
72
Result of applying NOT operation to classical bit in 0 state
1
73
Truth table meaning in classical computing
Output of logical operation for every possible input combination
74
Significance of superposition state in QC
Allows qubits to represent multiple states simultaneously
75
Use case for random numbers
Simulating complex systems

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