Embalming 1: Exam 3 Material

Question 0

Those changes occurring prior to somatic death is ____.

Answer 0

Ante (agonal) Mortem

Question 1

Pre embalming changes that happen prior to somatic death, but can still effect embalming are know as ____ changes.

Answer 1

Ante (agonal) Mortem

Question 2

Changes in temperature of the body is known as ____. Agonal Algor which is the decrease of body temperature prior to somatic death, due to a slow metabolism and poor circulation. Slows the onset of rigor mortis and decomposition occurs.

Answer 2

Thermal changes

Question 3

Decrease in the body temperature prior to somatic death is known as ____.

Answer 3

Agonal Algor

Question 4

An increase in the body’s temperature just prior to somatic death is known as ____. Commonly found on infectious diseases, and speeds the rate of rigor mortis and decomposition.

Answer 4

Agonal fever

Question 5

The settling of blood and/or other fluids to the dependent portions of the body is ____.

Answer 5

Hypostasis

Question 6

Clotting or congealing of the blood is known as ____.

Answer 6

Coagulation

Question 7

Results from capillary expansion and speeds up the decomposition process ____ is the escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death. There is an increase in moisture on the tissues and cavities when this happens.

Answer 7

Agonal edema

Question 8

For an edema case how will the effect of the edema effect the strength of your diluted arterial fluid? You must ____ your strength of chemicals.

Answer 8

Increase

Question 9

The loss of moisture from the human body prior to somatic death is ____. Could result in the thickening of the blood and dehydration of certain tissues.

Answer 9

Agonal dehydration

Question 10

Movement of MO’s from one area of the body to another is the ____ of MO’s. Occurs as organisms normally confined to an are of the body by natural body defenses are able to move as the body loses its ability to keep them in check.

Answer 10

Translocation

Question 11

____ results from a puncture of lung or pleural sac. Seen in cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatments; puncture wounds to the thorax; rib fractures. Mostly found in the torso region. No odor, no skin slip; rises to highest body areas; can create intense swelling.

Answer 11

Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema

Question 12

Changes that happen in the body after death is known as ____.

Answer 12

Post Mortem changes

Question 13

A series of physical and chemical changes that occur between the period of somatic death and embalming is known as ____.

Answer 13

Post Mortem changes

Question 14

Post Mortem physical changes include:

Answer 14

Algor Mortis: the post Mortem cooling of the body of the surrounding temperature.
The internal organs will cool slower than the surface tissues

Question 15

Factors influencing the rate of algor Mortis

Answer 15

Intrinsic factors:
Corpulence
Age
Cause of death

Question 16

Factors inflicting death inside the body are known as ____.

Answer 16

Intrinsic factors

Question 17

The amount of adipose tissue in larger individuals cools more slowly; individuals cool faster with less adipose tissue is the definition of ____, which is an intrinsic factor.

Answer 17

Corpulence (intrinsic factors)

Question 19

A child will cool faster than a normal size adult is a factor of ____, an intrinsic factor.

Answer 19

Age

Question 20

Febrile diseases will slow the onset; wasting diseases can speed the onset is a intrinsic factor of ____.

Answer 20

Cause of death

Question 21

Factors located outside of the body

Answer 21

Extrinsic Factors

Question 22

Temperature and humidity are examples of ____ factors.

Answer 22

Extrinsic

Question 23

Embalming influence - the _____ of the body will slow the rate of decomposition which is an extrinsic factor.

Answer 23

Cooling

Question 24

The settling of the blood and/or other fluids to the dependent portions of the body is known as post mortem_____ which is an example of extrinsic factors.

Answer 24

Hypostasis

Question 25

Because of an ____ of moisture bacterial activity could be ____.

Answer 25

Increase | High

Question 26

Increases of moisture will ____ the preservation demand for body regions in which ____ has occurred .

Answer 26

Increase | Hypostasis

Question 27

Hypostasis will cause ____.

Answer 27

Livor Mortis "Cadaveric lividity"

Question 28

Cadaveric Lividity is also known as ____.

Answer 28

Livor Mortis

Question 29

The post mortem intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from the hypostasis of blood is the definition of ____.

Answer 29

Livor Mortis "Cadaveric lividity"

Question 30

Can livor mortis be removed with normal arterial injection and venous drainage?

Answer 30

Yes, because it is intravascular

Question 31

Also known as dessication, ____ is the loss of moisture from the dead human body.

Answer 31

Dehydration

Question 32

The main causes of dehydration are ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 32

Surface evaporation Embalming solution Hypostasis

Question 33

Increase in viscosity of blood results in the formation of _____.

Answer 33

Blood clots

Question 34

Clots which form after death due to location and increased viscosity of blood is the definition of ____.

Answer 34

Post Mortem clots

Question 35

Dark red and stringy; fast forming and most common type of post Mortem blood clot is known as _____ clots.

Answer 35

Current Jelly

Question 36

Slow forming post mortem clot that is small in yellow in color are known as ____ clots.

Answer 36

Chicken fat

Question 37

Amount of clothing covering the dead body is an ____.

Answer 37

Extrinsic factor

Question 38

Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in post mortem edema is the definition of ____. (This is the reason floaters have a distended look to them.)

Answer 38

Imbibition

Question 39

Changes in the body that occur after death that also result in a change in chemical composition is known as ____.

Answer 39

Post mortem chemical changes

Question 40

Part of the post mortem chemical changes which results from hemolysis, ____is an extravascular color change that occurs when Heme, released by hemoglobin of red blood cells, seeps through the vessels walls and into the tissue. This the most permanent blood discoloration that we as Embalmers face. Can be treated with bleaching chemicals, but it will not go away completely.

Answer 40

Post mortem stain

Question 41

The destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin is ____ which results in post mortem stain and begins approximately 6-10 hours after death.

Answer 41

hemolysis

Question 42

Since post mortem stain is extravascular it generally will not be removed with normal arterial injection and venous drainage. TRUE or FALSE?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The slight rise in body temperature following somatic death is ____ and results from cellular metabolism after somatic death; this occurs until the entire oxygen supply is used.

Answer 43

Post mortem caloricity

Question 44

A post mortem chemical change ____ is the post mortem, temporary, stiffening of the body muscles due to a natural chemical body process, marks the end of muscle cell life, and generally appears in the average body 2 to 4 hours after death.

Answer 44

Rigor mortis

Question 45

One of the two terms of rigor mortis and the initial softness of the muscle; ____ is the relaxation or softness of the muscles immediately after somatic death.

Answer 45

Primary flaccidity

Question 46

One of the two terms of rigor mortis ____ is the relaxation of the muscles after rigor mortis passes in an unembalmed body.

Answer 46

secondary flaccidity

Question 47

Order of appearance and disappearance of rigor mortis. It appears in orders 1-6 and disappears in orders 1-6

Answer 47

1. Muscles of the eye 2. Muscles of the face 3. Muscles of the neck 4. Muscles of the upper extremities 5. Muscles of the trunk 6. Muscles of the lower extremities

Question 48

Physical methods of reducing rigor mortis in the muscles

Answer 48

Flexing Extending Rotating Massaging

Question 49

May be difficult in establishing a position of the body; may be difficult in posing the features; gives a false sign of preserved tissue; may restrict fluid distribution are ____ on embalming.

Answer 49

Influences

Question 50

The maximum rigidity on the pH scale is ____.

Answer 50

5

Question 51

Primary flaccidity ---> maximum rigidity ---> secondary flaccidity is the order of ____.

Answer 51

Rigor mortis

Question 52

The muscles in which rigor mortis is present will not decompose? TRUE or FALSE...

Answer 52

True, because the acid present inhibits bacterial activity

Question 53

Results in rigor mortis, after death _____ acid accumulates in muscle tissue

Answer 53

lactic

Question 54

As proteins breaks down there is a gradual buildup in the tissues of nitrogen products such as ammonia, the ammonia neutralizes the acids in the tissue therefore the tissue becomes ____.

Answer 54

alkaline

Question 55

Agonal algar is the ____ of body temperature just ____ to death, due to a ____ metabolism and ____ circulation. It ____ the onset of rigor mortis and decomposition occurs.

Answer 55

Decrease Prior Poor Slows

Question 56

In agonal edema, there is an ____ in moisture in the tissues and cavities.

Answer 56

Increase

Question 57

Agonal dehydration could result in the ____ of the blood and dehydration of certain tissues.

Answer 57

thickening

Question 58

Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema ____ to the ____ body areas creating ____.

Answer 58

Rises Highest Swelling

Question 59

Post mortem stain will ____ go away completely even with the use of ____ chemicals.

Answer 59

Not Bleaching

Question 60

Hemolysis results is ____ and begins ____ hours after death.

Answer 60

Post mortem stain 6-10

Question 61

Post mortem caloricity results from ____.

Answer 61

cellular metabolism

Question 62

Rigor Mortis appears in the body ____ hours after death

Answer 62

2-4

Question 63

Agonal algar is the ____ of body temperature just ____ to death, due to a ____ metabolism and ____ circulation. It ____ the onset of rigor mortis and decomposition occurs.

Answer 63

Decrease Prior Poor Slows

Question 64

In agonal edema, there is an ____ in moisture in the tissues and cavities.

Answer 64

Increase

Question 65

Agonal dehydration could result in the ____ of the blood and dehydration of certain tissues.

Answer 65

thickening

Question 66

Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema ____ to the ____ body areas creating ____.

Answer 66

Rises Highest Swelling

Question 67

Post mortem stain will ____ go away completely even with the use of ____ chemicals.

Answer 67

Not Bleaching

Question 68

Hemolysis results is ____ and begins ____ hours after death.

Answer 68

Post mortem stain 6-10

Question 69

Post mortem caloricity results from ____.

Answer 69

cellular metabolism

Question 70

Rigor Mortis appears in the body ____ hours after death

Answer 70

2-4

Question 71

The separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes is the definition of ____

Answer 71

decomposition

Question 72

6 types of decomposition are:

Answer 72

``` Proteolysis Lypolysis Fermentation Saccharolysis Hydrolysis Autolysis ```

Question 73

____ is decomposition of any type of protein, and can occur in the presence OR absence of oxygen. It contains 2 different types of decomposition which are putrefaction and decay.

Answer 73

Proteolysis

Question 74

____ is one type of proteolysis decomposition and is the decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic (absence of free oxygen) bacteria; was named of the horrific smelling odors. This form of proteolysis advances much quicker than the form of proteolysis that occurs in the presences of oxygen.

Answer 74

Putrefaction

Question 75

____ is the second type of proteolysis decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic ( the presence of free oxygen) bacteria.

Answer 75

Decay

Question 76

____ is the decomposition of fats ( one substances formed as a result of lipolysis is adipocere (grave wax).

Answer 76

Lypolysis

Question 77

____ begins within days of death and becomes visible in about 3 months.

Answer 77

Adipocere

Question 78

____ is the bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates.

Answer 78

Fermentation

Question 79

The decomposition of ANY sugar is known as ____.

Answer 79

Saccharolysis

Question 80

A reaction in which water is one of the reactants compounds are often broken down; the key method of which decomposition occurs is ____.

Answer 80

Hydrolysis

Question 81

The splitting or tearing apart of compounds by the addition of water, this is how proteins, sugars, and fats break down is the definition of ____.

Answer 81

Hydrolysis

Question 82

____ is the self destruction of cells by enzymes of their own formation; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance.

Answer 82

Autolysis

Question 83

A role of lysosomes ( cell organelles that contains digestive enzymes), when the pH of the tissue becomes acidic it causes the lysosomes to rupture, and in the presence of water, the released enzymes begin to digest are the characteristics of ____.

Answer 83

Autolysis

Question 84

5 signs of decomposition are:

Answer 84

``` Color change Odor Purge Accumulation of Gas Desquamation (Skin Slip) ```

Question 85

____ is the first external sign of decomposition is over the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.

Answer 85

Color change

Question 86

____ is penetration and nauseating

Answer 86

Odor

Question 87

____ is the post mortem evacuation of any substance from an external body orifaces as a result of pressure.

Answer 87

Purge

Question 88

____ happens in the viscera, cavities, and other body tissues.

Answer 88

Accumulation of Gas

Question 89

____ is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis, resulting in a sloughing of the epidermis.

Answer 89

Desquamation or "Skin Slip"

Question 90

4 products of decomposition are:

Answer 90

Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Ptomaines

Question 91

____ are the amino acids.

Answer 91

Proteins

Question 92

The building blocks of proteins are ____

Answer 92

Amino acids

Question 93

Fatty acids are also known as ____.

Answer 93

Fats

Question 94

Fatty acids are to fat what ____ are to proteins

Answer 94

amino acids

Question 95

____ are simple sugars.

Answer 95

Carbohydrates

Question 96

From simplest to most complex ____, ____, and ____ are different forms of sugars.

Answer 96

Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

Question 97

____ results from the breaking down of amino acids.

Answer 97

Ptomaines

Question 98

Putrescine, cadaverine, indole, and skatole are different types of ____.

Answer 98

Ptomaines

Question 99

Carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, methane, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid are ____ products of decomposition.

Answer 99

end

Question 100

The order of decomposition of body compounds are ____, ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 100

Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Bones

Question 101

First the lining membrane of the trachea and larynx, except for the brain of the infant and pregnant uterus; then last is the non pregnant uterus or large blood vessels is the ____ of decomposition of the organs.

Answer 101

order

Question 102

Extrinsic factor optimum temperature is ____.

Answer 102

98-100

Question 103

Extrinsic factor minimum temperature is

Answer 103

32 - below

Question 104

Extrinsic factor maximum factor is

Answer 104

120 and above

Question 105

The post mortem cooling of the body of the surrounding temperature is known as ____. The internal organs will cool slower than the surface tissues

Answer 105

Algor Mortis

Question 106

Commonly found in infectious diseases, ____ speeds the rate of rigor mortis and decomposition.

Answer 106

Algonal Fever

Question 107

Intrinsic, age, corpulence, and cause of death are all factors influencing the rate of ____.

Answer 107

algor mortis