Embalming Flashcards by Kindra Hill

A process of chemically treating a human remains to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition, and restore an acceptable physical appearance is:

embalming
refrigeration
restorative art
funeral directing

A process of chemically treating a human remains to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition, and restore an acceptable physical appearance is:

embalming

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Those changes occurring in the interval prior to somatic death are:

intrinsic
extrinsic
postmortem
antemortem

Those changes occurring in the interval prior to somatic death are:

antemortem

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A sharp cutting instrument used for making incisions is called a:

forcep
scalpel
hemostat
separator

A sharp cutting instrument used for making incisions is called a:

scalpel

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Injection and drainage from one location is called:

split injection
restricted cervical
single point injection
multi-point injection

Injection and drainage from one location is called:

single point injection

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Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria are called:

vehicles
surfactants
preservative
anticoagulants

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria are called:

preservative

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Which of the following would indicate a post-mortem extravascular discoloration?

Cadaveric lividity
Livor mortis
Hypostasis
Post mortem stain

Which of the following would indicate a post-mortem extravascular discoloration?

Post mortem stain

Cadaveric lividity, livor mortis, and hypostasis are all intravascular.

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What embalming instrument is used to inject arterial fluid into the thoracic walls of an autopsied body?

arterial tube
cavity injector
hypo-valve trocar
cannula

What embalming instrument is used to inject arterial fluid into the thoracic walls of an autopsied body?

hypo-valve trocar

Arterial tube is used to inject into the arterial system, cavity injector is used to hold the bottle of cavity fluid, and cannula is an old term for arterial tube.

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The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is called:

osmosis
dialysis
distention
distribution

The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is called:

distribution

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This embalming method consists of injection a few ounces of arterial chemical, stopping injection, then draining for a few minutes, and then repeating the process:

alternate
concurrent
continuous
intermittent

This embalming method consists of injection a few ounces of arterial chemical, stopping injection, then draining for a few minutes, and then repeating the process:

alternate

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What type of embalming chemical might the embalmer use as a drying and disinfectant agent when preparing the cavities of autopsied remains?

sealing agent
mold preventative agent
mastic compound
hardening compound

What type of embalming chemical might the embalmer use as a drying and disinfectant agent when preparing the cavities of autopsied remains?

hardening compound

A sealing agent is a material used to provide a barrier or seal against any type leakage of fluid or blood. Mold preventative agent prohibit the growth of mold, and preservative powders are typically used for surface embalming the remains. Hardening compound is a chemical that has the ability to absorb and disinfect.

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This term refers to the after-death examination of the organs and tissues of a human remains to determine cause of death or pathological conditions:

case analysis
autolysis
antemortem
postmortem

This term refers to the after-death examination of the organs and tissues of a human remains to determine cause of death or pathological conditions:

postmortem

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The Formaldehyde Standard for short-term exposure to formaldehyde is:

1 ppm/15 minutes
2 ppm/15 minutes
3 ppm/15 minutes
4 ppm/15 minutes

The Formaldehyde Standard for short-term exposure to formaldehyde is:

2 ppm/15 minutes

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Low index fluids used to inhibit bilirubin from turning to biliverdin are known as:

humectants
jaundice fluids
coinjection fluids
preinjection fluids

Low index fluids used to inhibit bilirubin from turning to biliverdin are known as:

jaundice fluids

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Chemicals that increase the capability for embalmed tissues to retain their moisture are called:

humectants
buffers
surfactants
anticoagulants

Chemicals that increase the capability for embalmed tissues to retain their moisture are called:

humectants

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What is created when the embalmer combines embalming fluid with water in the injection device?

distribution
primary dilution
fluid diffusion
secondary dilution

What is created when the embalmer combines embalming fluid with water in the injection device?

primary dilution

Distribution is the movement of embalming solution from injection point through the blood vascular system. Fluid diffusion is the movement of embalming solutions from capillaries into interstitial fluids. Secondary dilution is the weakening of embalming fluid by the fluids in the body. Primary dilution is attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine.

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Which of the following is not one of the four divisions of OSHA that affect the funeral home:

A) General Rule
B) Federal Trade Commission
C) Hazard Communications Standard
D) The Formaldehyde Rule

B) Federal Trade Commission

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Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria is the definition of:

A) Putrefaction
B) Decay
C) Saprophytic bacteria
D) Gangrene

A) Putrefaction

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Another word for decompose:

A) anaerobic
B) aerobic
C) decay
D) putrefaction

C) decay

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Is accomplished through direct contact of embalming chemicals with the body tissues.

cavity
hypodermic
surface
supplemental

surface

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Includes hypodermic and surface embalming.

cavity
hypodermic
surface
supplemental

supplemental

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Is accomplished with a needle and syringe.

arterial
cavity
hypodermic
supplemental

hypodermic

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Is the direct treatment of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.

arterial
cavity
hypodermic
supplemental

cavity

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Is accomplished through the blood vascular system.

arterial
cavity
hypodermic
supplemental

arterial

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Which of the following is not a cause of death that must be reported to the coroner:

A) hanging
B) gunshot wound
C) poisoning
D) heart attack

D) heart attack

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An example of manner of death is: A) natural B) heart attack C) pneumonia D) stroke

A) natural

Which of the following is not included on an embalming report: A) name of the deceased B) name of the funeral home C) name of the doctor D) name of the embalmer

C) name of the doctor

Embalming steps in chronological order per the textbook. ``` 1 Begin cosmetic treatment. 2 Remove all clothing from the body. 3 Select, raise, and inject the artery to be used for embalming. 4 Aspirate 5 Set features ``` 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2, 5, 3, 4, 1 5, 2, 3, 4, 5 2, 5, 4, 3, 1

2, 5, 3, 4, 1

Freedom from infection and from any form of life: Asepsis Disinfectant Sanitizer Germicide

Asepsis

An agent applied to inanimate objects/surface: Asepsis Disinfectant Sanitizer Germicide

Disinfectant

An agent applied to inanimate objects/surfaces or living tissue: Asepsis Disinfectant Sanitizer Germicide

Germicide

An agent applied to a pre‑cleaned object/surface: Asepsis Disinfectant Sanitizer Germicide

Sanitizer

It requires that employers tell their employees the dangers that exist in the workplace, and that they train them how to protect themselves. A) Bloodborne Pathogens Rule B) The Formaldehyde Standard C) Hazard Communication Rule D) None of these

C) Hazard Communication Rule

Which of the following is the most commonly used modern day injection device: A) gravity bottle B) bulb syringe C) air pressure machine D) centrifugal pump

D) centrifugal pump

STEL: A) Measured over an 8 hours time period. B) To avoid retesting, the exposure level should be below 2 ppm C) Measured over a 15 minute time period. D) To avoid retesting, the exposure level should be below .5ppm

Both B and C B) To avoid retesting, the exposure level should be below 2 ppm C) Measured over a 15 minute time period.

TWA: A) Measured over an 8 hours time period. B) To avoid retesting, the exposure level should be below 2 ppm C) Measured over a 15 minute time period. D) To avoid retesting, the exposure level should be below .5ppm

Both A & D A) Measured over an 8 hours time period. D) To avoid retesting, the exposure level should be below .5ppm

Which of the following instruments are Injection Instruments? ``` Mouth Former Stopcock Scalpel Cavity Fluid Injector Y‑Tube Needle Injector Arterial Tube Aneurysm Needle Trocar Suture Needle ```

Stopcock, Y‑Tube, Arterial Tube

Which of the following instruments are Aspirating Instruments? ``` Mouth Former Stopcock Scalpel Cavity Fluid Injector Y‑Tube Needle Injector Arterial Tube Aneurysm Needle Trocar Suture Needle ```

Cavity Fluid Injector, Trocar

Which of the following instruments are Feature Setting Devices? ``` Mouth Former Stopcock Scalpel Cavity Fluid Injector Y‑Tube Needle Injector Arterial Tube Aneurysm Needle Trocar Suture Needle ```

Mouth Former, Needle Injector

Which of the following instruments are General Instruments? ``` Mouth Former Stopcock Scalpel Cavity Fluid Injector Y‑Tube Needle Injector Arterial Tube Aneurysm Needle Trocar Suture Needle ```

Scalpel, Aneurysm Needle, Suture Needle

Would you use an ACTIVE or INACTIVE DYE when trying to clear a postmortem discoloration?

Active

Would you use hardening compound for an AUTOPSIED or UNAUTOSPIED case?

Autopsied

These are also known as masking agents. Vehicles Dyes Surfactants Deoderants or Reoderants

Deoderants or Reoderants

These can be active or inactive. Vehicles Dyes Surfactants Deoderants or Reoderants

Dyes

These reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures. Vehicles Dyes Surfactants Deoderants or Reoderants

Surfactants

The best example of this is water. Vehicles Dyes Surfactants Deoderants or Reoderants

Vehicles

Formalin is the most commonly used chemical in this category. Germicide Preservative Modifying Agents Anticoagulant

Preservative

They influence the chemical reaction produced by the preservative solution and function to control the action of the main preservative agents. Germicide Preservative Modifying Agents Anticoagulant

Modifying Agents

They retard the tendency of blood to become more viscous. Germicide Preservative Modifying Agents Anticoagulant

Anticoagulant

They work in embalming fluids to kill microorganisms or to render them inactive. Germicide Preservative Modifying Agents Anticoagulant

Germicide

Jaundice embalming fluid has a HIGHER or LOWER index of formaldehyde?

Lower

Would you typically use a humectant on a case with EDEMA or DEHYDRATION?

Dehydration

The dorsalis pedis artery is found in the: ``` A) arm B) hand C) leg D) foot E) torso ```

D) foot

The point of origin and point of termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures is the definition of: A) Anatomical Position B) Anatomical Guide C) Anatomical Limit D) Linear Guide

C) Anatomical Limit

Match the anatomical guide with the correct artery. Medial border of the psoas major muscle ``` Axillary Artery Common Carotid Artery Radial External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery ```

External Iliac Artery

Match the anatomical guide with the correct artery. Lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle ``` Axillary Artery Common Carotid Artery Radial External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery ```

Radial

Match the anatomical guide with the correct artery. Along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle ``` Axillary Artery Common Carotid Artery Radial External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery ```

Common Carotid Artery

Match the anatomical guide with the correct artery. Through the center of the femoral triangle ``` Axillary Artery Common Carotid Artery Radial External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery ```

Femoral Artery

Match the anatomical guide with the correct artery. Behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle ``` Axillary Artery Common Carotid Artery Radial External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery ```

Axillary Artery

Match the linear guide with the correct artery. Through the center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity ``` Potliteal Artery Ulnar Artery Anterior Tibial Artery Posterior Tibial Artery Brachial Artery ```

Potliteal Artery

Match the linear guide with the correct artery. Midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus tendon ``` Potliteal Artery Ulnar Artery Anterior Tibial Artery Posterior Tibial Artery Brachial Artery ```

Posterior Tibial Artery

Match the linear guide with the correct artery. Lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle ``` Potliteal Artery Ulnar Artery Anterior Tibial Artery Posterior Tibial Artery Brachial Artery ```

Ulnar Artery

Match the linear guide with the correct artery. From the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint ``` Potliteal Artery Ulnar Artery Anterior Tibial Artery Posterior Tibial Artery Brachial Artery ```

Anterior Tibial Artery

Match the linear guide with the correct artery. Posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle ``` Potliteal Artery Ulnar Artery Anterior Tibial Artery Posterior Tibial Artery Brachial Artery ```

Brachial Artery

Match the artery with the correct origination point. Originates from the subclavian artery ``` Right Common Carotid Artery Femoral Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Left Common Carotid Artery ```

Axillary Artery

Match the artery with the correct origination point. Originates from the axillary artery ``` Right Common Carotid Artery Femoral Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Left Common Carotid Artery ```

Brachial Artery

Match the artery with the correct origination point. Originates from the brachiocephalic artery ``` Right Common Carotid Artery Femoral Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Left Common Carotid Artery ```

Right Common Carotid Artery

Match the artery with the correct origination point. Originates from the arch of the aorta ``` Right Common Carotid Artery Femoral Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Left Common Carotid Artery ```

Left Common Carotid Artery

Match the artery with the correct origination point. Originates from the external iliac artery ``` Right Common Carotid Artery Femoral Artery Axillary Artery Brachial Artery Left Common Carotid Artery ```

Femoral Artery

The basilic vein accompanies which artery? A) axillary B) subclavian C) brachial D) ulnar

C) brachial

This serves as the base for the femoral triangle: A) inguinal ligament B) sartorius muscle C) adductor longus muscle D) iliac artery

A) inguinal ligament

Included in the anterior triangle are: A) SCM, platysma, jugular vein B) mandible, angle of the jaw, mastoid process of the temporal bone C) hyoid bone, thyroid and cricoid cartilages D) sternum, sternoclavicular articulation, suprasternal notch

C) hyoid bone, thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Embalming analysis should be documented: A) verbally B) in report form C) it does not need to be documented D) only when necessary

B) in report form

The purpose of embalming analysis is to select those embalming procedures that provide a thoroughly sanitized and preserved body that closely resembles the lifelike appearances of the deceased. A) True B) False

A) True

An artery and vein at one location are used for injection and drainage. ``` Six‑point Injection Split Injection One‑Point Injection Multi‑point Injection Sectional Vascular Embalming ```

One‑Point Injection

The injection is made in an artery at one location and the drainage occurs from a vein at another location. ``` Six‑point Injection Split Injection One‑Point Injection Multi‑point Injection Sectional Vascular Embalming ```

Split Injection

Injection from two or more arteries. ``` Six‑point Injection Split Injection One‑Point Injection Multi‑point Injection Sectional Vascular Embalming ```

Multi‑point Injection

Both carotids, axillarys, and femorals are used for injection, any or all of the corresponding veins can be used for drainage. ``` Six‑point Injection Split Injection One‑Point Injection Multi‑point Injection Sectional Vascular Embalming ```

Six‑point Injection

The embalming of a body region. ``` Six‑point Injection Split Injection One‑Point Injection Multi‑point Injection Sectional Vascular Embalming ```

Sectional Vascular Embalming

Match the body region with the artery(s) used to embalm each area. Subclavian, axillary, brachial artery ``` Face and Head Upper Extremity Hand Lower Extremity Body Trunk ```

Upper Extremity

Match the body region with the artery(s) used to embalm each area. Common carotid artery ``` Face and Head Upper Extremity Hand Lower Extremity Body Trunk ```

Face and Head

Match the body region with the artery(s) used to embalm each area. In the unautopsied body, injection of any major artery, injecting toward the trunk region ``` Face and Head Upper Extremity Hand Lower Extremity Body Trunk ```

Body Trunk

Match the body region with the artery(s) used to embalm each area. Radial or ulnar artery ``` Face and Head Upper Extremity Hand Lower Extremity Body Trunk ```

Hand

Match the body region with the artery(s) used to embalm each area. Common iliac, external iliac, femoral artery ``` Face and Head Upper Extremity Hand Lower Extremity Body Trunk ```

Lower Extremity

A time period of embalming analysis is: A) pre‑embalming B) during embalming C) after embalming D) all of these

D) all of these

It is not the cause of death or disease but the effects and conditions produced by the disease in the body that should concern the embalmer. A) True B) False

A) True

Match the factor as intrinsic or extrinsic Vermin

extrinsic

Match the factor as intrinsic or extrinsic Atmospheric Conditions

extrinsic

Match the factor as intrinsic or extrinsic Age

intrinsic

Match the factor as intrinsic or extrinsic Body Weight

intrinsic

This color of ceiling is a must for the preparation room: A) Red B) Black C) Blue D) White

D) White

The permissible short‑term exposure limit of formaldehyde may not exceed: A) 1.0 B) 1.5 C) 2.0 D) 2.5

C) 2.0

This type of pressure is measured on the gauge of the centrifugal embalming machine, indicating the pressure in the delivery line of the machine with the rate of flow valve closed or the stop‑cock turned off: A) Actual B) Differential C) Reverse D) Potential

D) Potential

This type of pressure is read on the gauge on the centrifugal pump when the rate of flow valve is open and the arterial solution is entering the body: A) Actual B) Differential C) Reverse D) Potential

A) Actual

These organs make up the tripod of life: A) Spinal cord, Brain, Skull B) Heart, Lungs, Brain C) Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestines D) Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

B) Heart, Lungs, Brain

This type of disinfection is a method for breaking the cycle of transmission of infectious agents in the preparation room: A) Primary B) Secondary C) Complete D) Advanced

A) Primary

A rise in body temperature after death is: A) Postmortem stain B) Postmortem caloricity C) Rigor mortis D) Algor mortis

B) Postmortem caloricity

Agonal or postmortem redistribution of host micro flora on a host‑wide basis: A) Translocation B) Cisterna cerebellomedullaris C) Droplet nucleus D) Idophor

A) Translocation

During preparation of a dead human body - Spray the inside walls of the cavity with a droplet disinfectant spray. unautopsied autopsied both autopsied and unautopsied

autopsied

During preparation of a dead human body - After aspiration inject the cavities via the trocar with an undiluted cavity fluid. unautopsied autopsied both autopsied and unautopsied

unautopsied

During preparation of a dead human body - Select the arterial fluid and prepare the embalming solution. unautopsied autopsied both autopsied and unautopsied

both autopsied and unautopsied

During preparation of a dead human body - Select the artery that will be used for injection and the vein that will be used for drainage, and make the incision. unautopsied autopsied both autopsied and unautopsied

unautopsied

During preparation of a dead human body - Anchor the calvarium into position. unautopsied autopsied both autopsied and unautopsied

autopsied

Decomposition of all tissues by enzymes that form without microbial assistance is defined as: A) Protein B) Putrefaction C) Autolysis D) Lysosome

C) Autolysis

The most positive sign of death is: A) Postmortem lividity B) Rigor mortis C) Algor mortis D) Decomposition

D) Decomposition

This is classified as natural, suicide, homicide, accident, or unknown: A) Cause of death B) Manner of death C) Specific death D) Common death

A) Manner of death

Clinical death occurs when the following cease: A) respiration and brain activity B) heartbeat and brain activity C) respiration and heartbeat D) pupil dilation and brain activity

C) respiration and heartbeat

The pathological death of body cells as a result of disease processes: A) symbiosis B) necrosis C) clinical death D) biological death

B) necrosis

The normal pH of a body is about: A) 7.2 B) 7.4 C) 7.6 D) 7.8

B) 7.4

This condition occurs 32‑72 hours after death when rigor mortis leaves the body: A) decomposition B) desquamation C) primary flaccidity D) secondary flaccidity

D) secondary flaccidity

This is applied either to inanimate objects/surfaces or to living tissues for the purpose of destroying disease causing microbial agents, but not usually bacterial spores. A) Antiseptic B) Disinfectant C) Germicide D) Sanitizer

C) Germicide

This is applied to an inanimate object/surfaces to destroy disease causing agents, but usually not bacterial spores. A) Sanitizer B) Disinfectant C) Germicide D) Antiseptic

B) Disinfectant

An extravascular blood discoloration that cannot be removed by arterial injection and blood drainage. A) Hypostasis B) Livor Mortis C) Algor Mortis D) Postmortem Stain

D) Postmortem Stain

Postmortem cooling of the body. A) Algor Mortis B) Livor Mortis C) Caloricity D) Hypostasis

A) Algor Mortis

Death of a person as a whole. A) Agonal B) Clinical C) Somatic D) Biological

C) Somatic

Settling of blood into the dependent tissues of the body. A) Livor Mortis B) Hypostasis C) Postmortem Stain D) Postmortem Stasis

B) Hypostasis

An intravascular blood discoloration of the body that can be cleared through embalming. A) Postmortem Stasis B) Hypostasis C) Livor Mortis D) Postmortem Discoloration

C) Livor Mortis

An embalming instrument used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels. A) Aneurysm Needle B) Arterial Hook C) Aneurysm Separator D) Grooved Director

A) Aneurysm Needle

This is a postmortem physical change: A) Postmortem caloricity B) Shift in body pH C) Rigor Mortis D) Increased viscosity of the blood

D) Increased viscosity of the blood

This is a postmortem chemical change: A) Algor Mortis B) Hypostasis C) Decomposition D) Livor Mortis

C) Decomposition

Identify condition with the type of change occuring in the body - Livor Mortis Postmortem Physical Postmortem Chemical Antemortem

Postmortem Physical

Identify condition with the type of change occuring in the body - Rigor Mortis Postmortem Physical Postmortem Chemical Antemortem

Postmortem Chemical

Identify condition with the type of change occuring in the body - Algor Mortis Postmortem Physical Postmortem Chemical Antemortem

Postmortem Physical

Identify condition with the type of change occuring in the body - Agonal Mortis Postmortem Physical Postmortem Chemical Antemortem

Antemortem

Refers to the areas where blood movement has been inhibited: A) livor mortis B) agonal hypostasis C) post mortem stain D) contact pallor

D) contact pallor

Vascular injection from two or more arteries. ``` A) multi‑point injection B) one‑point injection C) restricted cervical injection D) six‑point injection E) split injection ```

A) multi‑point injection

Method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised. ``` A) multi‑point injection B) one‑point injection C) restricted cervical injection D) six‑point injection E) split injection ```

C) restricted cervical injection

Fluids follow this. ``` A) alternate drainage B) path of concurrent drainage C) path of intermittent drainage D) path of resistance E) path of least resistance ```

E) path of least resistance

An embalming technique that employs a very strong arterial solution (often waterless). ``` A) alternate injection B) concurrent injection C) intermittent injection D) instant tissue fixation E) path of least resistance injection ```

D) instant tissue fixation

Injection and drainage from one location. ``` A) multi‑point injection B) one‑point injection C) restricted cervical injection D) six‑point injection E) split injection ```

B) one‑point injection

Method of drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open. ``` A) alternate drainage B) concurrent drainage C) intermittent drainage D) tissue fixation E) path of least resistance ```

A) alternate drainage

Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues. ``` A) alternate drainage B) concurrent drainage C) intermittent drainage D) instant tissue fixation E) path of least resistance ```

C) intermittent drainage

Method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during vascular injection. ``` A) alternate drainage B) concurrent drainage C) intermittent drainage D) instant tissue fixation E) path of least resistance ```

B) concurrent drainage

Injection from one site and drainage from a separate site. ``` A) multi‑point injection B) one‑point injection C) restricted cervical injection D) six‑point injection E) split injection ```

E) split injection

By definition, injection involving both common carotid, femoral, and axillary vessels. ``` A) multi‑point injection B) one‑point injection C) restricted cervical injection D) six‑point injection E) split injection ```

D) six‑point injection

The amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or on (extravascular) the vascular system (arterial or venous). ``` A) actual pressure B) differential pressure C) injection pressure D) intravascular pressure E) potential pressure ```

C) injection pressure

The embalming solution that leaves the capillaries and eventually embalms the cells. ``` A) arterial solution B) interstitial fluid C) hypertonic solution D) hypotonic solution E) retained embalming fluid ```

E) retained embalming fluid

The difference between potential and actual pressures. ``` A) actual pressure B) differential pressure C) injection pressure D) intravascular pressure E) potential pressure ```

B) differential pressure

Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells (about 1/5 the body weight). ``` A) hypotonic solution B) retained embalming solution C) arterial solution D) interstitial fluid E) hypertonic solution ```

D) interstitial fluid

Pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off. ``` A) actual pressure B) differential pressure C) injection pressure D) intravascular pressure E) potential pressure ```

E) potential pressure

Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration. ``` A) actual pressure B) differential pressure C) injection pressure D) intravascular pressure E) potential pressure ```

D) intravascular pressure

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body. ``` A) actual pressure B) differential pressure C) injection pressure D) intravascular pressure E) potential pressure ```

A) actual pressure

Mixture of arterial (vascular) fluid and water used for the arterial injection. May include supplemental fluids. ``` A) arterial solution B) interstitial fluid C) hypertonic solution D) hypotonic solution E) retained embalming solution ```

A) arterial solution

Solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution with which it is compared. ``` A) arterial solution B) interstitial fluid C) hypertonic solution D) hypotonic solution E) retained embalming fluid ```

D) hypotonic solution

Solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution with which it is compared. ``` A) arterial solution B) interstitial fluid C) hypertonic solution D) hypotonic solution E) retained embalming fluid ```

C) hypertonic solution

Withdrawal of gas, fluids, and semisolids from body cavities and hollow viscera. aspiration hydro aspirator re‑aspriation purge

aspiration

This is a method of trocar closure. purge infant trocar n‑stitch cavity

n‑stitch

This instrument is used for adult cavity embalming. electric aspirator hydro aspirator trocar infant trocar

trocar

Usually accomplished by aspiration and then injection of chemicals using a trocar. aspiration cavity embalming re‑aspriation purge

cavity embalming

It is approximately 12 inches in length and about 1/4 inches in diameter. electric aspirator hydro aspirator trocar infant trocar

infant trocar

It is connected to the water supply and when the water is turned on, a suction is developed. electric aspirator hydro aspirator cavity embalming trocar

hydro aspirator

Device that uses a motor to create a suction for the purpose of aspiration. electric aspirator hydro aspirator cavity embalming trocar

electric aspirator

The chemicals used for surface embalming may be: A) liquid B) gel C) powder D) all of these

D) all of these

These sutures are temporary and are later replaced by more permanent sutures. ``` A) baseball suture B) bridge suture C) single intradermal suture D) worm suture E) hidden suture ```

B) bridge suture

Two types of supplemental embalming are: A) surface and hypodermic B) arterial and cavity C) suturing and gluing D) interior and exterior

A) surface and hypodermic

Also known as the inversion suture, it is used to gather in and turn under excess tissues. ``` A) baseball suture B) bridge suture C) single intradermal suture D) worm suture E) hidden suture ```

D) worm suture

Considered the most secure and commonly used suture, it can be air tight. ``` A) baseball suture B) bridge suture C) single intradermal suture D) worm suture E) inversion suture ```

A) baseball suture

This suture is made with 1 needle and a single thread. It is used on exposed areas of the body and is directed through the subcutaneous tissue only. ``` A) baseball suture B) bridge suture C) single intradermal suture D) inversion suture E) interlocking suture ```

C) single intradermal suture

Suturing thread materials include: A) linen B) cotton C) dental floss D) all of these

D) all of these

The two most commonly used injection sites for embalming children aged 4‑12 years old are: A) carotid and axillary arteries B) carotid and femoral arteries C) abdominal aorta D) ascending aorta

B) carotid and femoral arteries

An extravascular irregularly shaped blood discoloration that often appears on the arms and back of the hands, also called ecchymosis: A) arterialsclerosis B) senile purpura C) diabetes mellitus D) gangrene

B) senile purpura

Which of the following is not a systemic effect of a malignancy: A) anemia B) cachexia C) arteriosclerosis D) disruption of metabolism

C) arteriosclerosis

Excess sugar in the blood: hyperglycemia glycosuria ketosis

hyperglycemia

Sugar in the urine: hyperglycemia glycosuria ketosis

glycosuria

An acidosis of the blood and body tissues: hyperglycemia glycosuria ketosis

ketosis

Ideal pressure for embalming the "normal" adult body: 2 to 3% 5 to 20 lbs. 10 to 15 minutes per gallon

5 to 20 lbs.

Ideal rate of flow for embalming the "normal" adult body: 2 to 3% 5 to 20 lbs. 10 to 15 minutes per gallon

10 to 15 minutes per gallon

Ideal fluid strength for embalming the "normal" adult body: 2 to 3% 5 to 20 lbs. 10 to 15 minutes per gallon

2 to 3%

Removal of the brain only. A) cranial autopsy B) forensic autopsy C) partial autopsy D) complete autopsy

A) cranial autopsy

A medicolegal autopsy. A) cranial autopsy B) forensic autopsy C) partial autopsy D) complete autopsy

B) forensic autopsy

By definition only 1 body cavity is opened. A) medicolegal autopsy B) forensic autopsy C) partial autopsy D) complete autopsy

C) partial autopsy

When suturing a cranial autopsy begin: A) in the middle of the head and work to the left side first and then to the right B) in the middle of the head and work to the right side first and then to the left C) on the left side of the head and end on the right D) on the right side of the head and end of the left

D) on the right side of the head and end of the left

Under which of the following circumstances would a hospital seek permission from the family to perform an autopsy: A) When doctors have not made a firm diagnosis. B) When there are no concerns about the possible spread of contagious disease. C) When the cause of death won't affect the insurance settlement. D) When the patient came from a nursing home and the quality of care is not in question.

A) When doctors have not made a firm diagnosis.

Which of the following instruments would be used to inject two arteries at the same time: A) Canula B) Drain Tube C) Y‑Tube D) Double‑curved autopsy needle

C) Y‑Tube

Another name for autopsy: A) Deathopsy B) Necropsy C) Deathopsy D) Thanatopsy

B) Necropsy

The portion of the skull removed during a cranial autopsy: A) Temoral Bone B) Occipital Bone C) Cranium D) Calvarium

D) Calvarium

Autopsy gel is a chemical in powder form that absorbs, disinfects, and is often used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases. A) True B) False

B) False

To tighten sutures pull on the thread, not the needle. A) True B) False

A) True

The size of the vessel and the depth of the location of the vessel are criteria for selection of: A) an artery B) a vein C) both a and b D) none of the answers are correct

C) both a and b

Embalming of the arm, leg or side of the face by injecting embalming solution into the artery that supplied blood to that particular body region is defined as: A) shell embalming B) restricted injection C) surface embalming D) sectional vascular embalming

D) sectional vascular embalming

Which of the following techniques is NOT recommended when intravascular problems are anticipated: A) use the smallest artery possible B) avoid using a sclerotic artery for injection C) use an arterial tube of proper size D) inject from the right common carotid

A) use the smallest artery possible

Disseminated intravascular coagulation, anemia, and cachexia are all systemic effects of: A) malignancy B) senile purpura C) arthritis D) arteriosclerosis

A) malignancy

The first choice of a vessel is called the: A) secondary injection site B) primary injection site C) one‑point injection site D) split injection site

B) primary injection site

Examples of body invasive devices are: A) pacemakers B) colostomy bags C) surgical drains D) all of the above

D) all of the above

A tissue change in usually green in color: A) rigor mortis B) decomposition C) pH D) formaldehyde

B) decomposition

Another name for Phenol: A) formaldehyde B) methyl alcohol C) carbolic acid D) quaternary ammonium

C) carbolic acid

A rise in body temperature after death is: A) Postmortem stain B) Postmortem caloricity C) Rigor mortis D) Algor mortis

B) Postmortem caloricity

Effects the stabilization of acid‑base balance within the embalming solution and in embalmed tissues. A) preservatives B) germicides C) buffers D) none of these

C) buffers

To stimulate maggots to emerge from areas beneath the skin or from the mouth or nostrils, the embalmer can: A) place plastic over the affected areas overnight B) apply hot water into the affected areas C) place cotton into the affected areas D) swab the areas with a petroleum product such as kerosene

D) swab the areas with a petroleum product such as kerosene

It is inexpensive. It inhibits the growth of yeasts and molds. It can rapidly destroy autolytic enzymes: A) formaldehyde B) methyl alcohol C) aldehyde D) trioxane

A) formaldehyde

It is the liquid form of formaldehyde: A) methyl alcohol B) formalin C) para‑formaldehyde D) aldehyde

B) formalin

Its purpose is to serve as the solvent: A) modifying agent B) buffer C) vehicle D) humectant

C) vehicle

The basilic vein accompanies which artery? A) axillary B) subclavian C) brachial D) ulnar

C) brachial

The most commonly chosen floor covering for the preparation room is: A) Asphalt tile B) Epoxy C) Vinyl tile D) Paint

C) Vinyl tile

The science of treating the dead human body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition: A) Preservation B) Embalming C) Chemical Treatment D) Bacterial Preservative

A) Preservation

This type of embalming fluid causes the embalming solution to flow more readily and rapidly through out the capillaries: A) humectant B) surfactant C) dye D) vehicles

B) surfactant

This type of dye is used to color the fluid in the bottle: A) active B) inactive C) internal D) external

B) inactive

Within one state: A) interstate B) international C) intrastate D) intercity

C) intrastate

Types include citrates, phosphates, and borates: A) anticoagulants B) surfactant C) vehicles D) dyes

A) anticoagulants

May be defined as both an acute and a chronic metabolic disorder characterized principally by hyperglycemia resulting from a deficiency of insulin: A) hyperglycemia B) diabetes mellitus C) glycosuria D) ketosis

B) diabetes mellitus

The contents of drainage include: A) blood B) arterial solution C) interstitial fluid D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Match the formal suture term with its more common term. - Inversion suture ``` bridge suture hidden suture worm suture lock suture whip suture ```

worm suture

Match the formal suture term with its more common term. - Single‑intradermal suture ``` bridge suture hidden suture worm suture lock suture whip suture ```

hidden suture

Match the formal suture term with its more common term. - Continuous suture ``` bridge suture hidden suture worm suture lock suture whip suture ```

whip suture

Match the formal suture term with its more common term. - Interlocking suture ``` bridge suture hidden suture worm suture lock suture whip suture ```

lock suture

Match the formal suture term with its more common term. - Individual suture ``` bridge suture hidden suture worm suture lock suture whip suture ```

bridge suture

The most commonly used vessel for drainage is: A) right internal jugular vein B) left femoral vein C) left axillary vein D) none of these

A) right internal jugular vein

The passage of a solvent through a semi‑permeable membrane. ``` Lumen Osmosis Solvent Solute Venule ```

Osmosis

Liquid holding another substance in a solution. ``` Lumen Osmosis Solvent Solute Venule ```

Solvent

The part of the vascular system between the capillary and the larger vein. ``` Lumen Osmosis Solvent Solute Venule ```

Venule

Substance that is dissolved in a solution. ``` Lumen Osmosis Solvent Solute Venule ```

Solute

Cavity of a vein, artery, or intestine. ``` Lumen Osmosis Solvent Solute Venule ```

Lumen

When the body has been dead for a long period of time, in following military regulations, and autopsied bodies, are all reasons for: A) shell embalming B) a multi‑site injection C) the use of restricted cervical injection D) instant tissue fixation

B) a multi‑site injection

Preparation of the autopsied body is usually delayed and the body refrigerated. As a result the body generally requires an arterial solution: A) stronger than average B) less than average C) no change is needed D) none of the above

A) stronger than average

The very smallest solute. Separation of substances in solution by the differences in their rates of diffusion. ``` Arteriole Capillary Crystaloid Dialysis Diffusion ```

Crystaloid

The section of the vascular system between the artery and the capillary. ``` Arteriole Capillary Crystaloid Dialysis Diffusion ```

Arteriole

The movement of molecules in solution from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration. ``` Arteriole Capillary Crystaloid Dialysis Diffusion ```

Diffusion

The smallest blood vessels of the vascular system. ``` Arteriole Capillary Crystaloid Dialysis Diffusion ```

Capillary

Separation of substances in solution by the differences in their rates of diffusion. ``` Arteriole Capillary Crystaloid Dialysis Diffusion ```

Dialysis

Disinfection carried out after the embalming is: A) primary B) secondary C) concurrent D) terminal

D) terminal

Found in the umbilical region: ``` gallbladder transverse colon descending colon cecum appendix bladder in adults if distended ```

transverse colon

Found in the hypogastric region: ``` gallbladder transverse colon descending colon cecum appendix bladder in adults if distended ```

bladder in adults if distended

Found in the right hypochondriac region: ``` gallbladder transverse colon descending colon cecum appendix bladder in adults if distended ```

gallbladder

Found in the right inguinal (iliac) region: ``` gallbladder transverse colon descending colon cecum appendix bladder in adults if distended ```

cecum appendix

Found in the left lumbar region: ``` gallbladder transverse colon descending colon cecum appendix bladder in adults if distended ```

transverse colon

Poor peripheral circulation, loss of a limb, and a ruptured aneurysm can all be a result of: A) arteriosclerosis B) arthritis C) malignancy D) cardiac disease

A) arteriosclerosis

Which vessels are best to use in the case of cardiac disease: A) axillary artery and vein B) femoral artery and vein C) femoral artery and internal jugular vein D) common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

D) common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

Which of the following is NOT a method of drainage in relation to injection: A) alternate B) primary C) concurrent D) intermittent

B) primary

Which of the following is an effective method of treating mold on the body? A) remove the mold and treat with phenol compound chemical B) remove the mold and thoroughly dry the area C) use of embalming powder with plastic garment D) all of these

D) all of these

This organ's purge is frothy white: A) stomach B) liver C) lung D) kidney

C) lung

Which of the following treatment methods would be the best application to treat a limb that did not receive sufficient arterial fluid and cannot be injected arterially? A) shell embalming B) surface embalming C) superficial embalming D) hypodermic embalming

D) hypodermic embalming

The greatest disadvantage of the one‑point injection method of injection and drainage is: A) only one incision is made B) large volumes of embalming fluid is needed C) drainage is the greatest in volume D) the risk of short‑circuiting of arterial solution

D) the risk of short‑circuiting of arterial solution

A general guide over the years has been to use 1 gallon of a properly mixed arterial solution for every _______ pounds of body weight. A) 25 B) 50 C) 75 D) 100

B) 50

The separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes: A) dehydration B) decomposition C) post mortem stain D) rigor mortis

B) decomposition

An extravascular color change: A) purge B) post mortem stain C) rigor mortis D) autolysis

B) post mortem stain

Which of the following is not a mechanical aid: A) drainage tubes B) lowering the arms C) use of pulsation D) controlled pressure

B) lowering the arms

The best way to warm frozen tissue is by running warm water over it. A) True B) False

B) False

Ecchymosis 1. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration 2. Antemortem intravascular blood discoloration 3. Postmortem extravascular blood discoloration 4. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration

1. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration

Postmortem stain 1. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration 2. Antemortem intravascular blood discoloration 3. Postmortem extravascular blood discoloration 4. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration

3. Postmortem extravascular blood discoloration

Carbon monoxide poisoning 1. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration 2. Antemortem intravascular blood discoloration 3. Postmortem extravascular blood discoloration 4. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration

2. Antemortem intravascular blood discoloration

Livor mortis 1. Antemortem extravascular blood discoloration 2. Antemortem intravascular blood discoloration 3. Postmortem extravascular blood discoloration 4. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration

4. Postmortem intravascular blood discoloration

An example of this type of discoloration is chronic renal failure that takes on the appearance of mild jaundice. ``` Blood discoloration Decomposition discoloration Drug and/or therapeutic discoloration Embalming discoloration Pathological discoloration Discoloration ```

Pathological discoloration

An enzyme of this type of discoloration is razor burn, dehydration of tissues and formaldehyde gray. ``` Blood discoloration Decomposition discoloration Drug and/or therapeutic discoloration Embalming discoloration Pathological discoloration Discoloration ```

Embalming discoloration

This discoloration is brought about by the action of autolytic and bacterial enzymes as well as the hemolysis of red blood cells ``` Blood discoloration Decomposition discoloration Drug and/or therapeutic discoloration Embalming discoloration Pathological discoloration Discoloration ```

Decomposition discoloration

All types of this discoloration are antemortem and are caused by specific drugs. ``` Blood discoloration Decomposition discoloration Drug and/or therapeutic discoloration Embalming discoloration Pathological discoloration Discoloration ```

Drug and/or therapeutic discoloration

This discoloration can be antemortem or postmortem, intravascular of extravascular. ``` Blood discoloration Decomposition discoloration Drug and/or therapeutic discoloration Embalming discoloration Pathological discoloration Discoloration ```

Blood discoloration

Any abnormal color in or on the human body. ``` Blood discoloration Decomposition discoloration Drug and/or therapeutic discoloration Embalming discoloration Pathological discoloration Discoloration ```

Discoloration

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity. Ascites Edema Hydrocephalus Hydrothorax

Hydrothorax

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities. Ascites Edema Hydrocephalus Hydrothorax

Edema

Accumulation of the serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity. Ascites Edema Hydrocephalus Hydrothorax

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of the cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain. Ascites Edema Hydrocephalus Hydrothorax

Hydrocephalus

Restricted cervical injection allows small volumes of weak arterial solution to be injected without overembalming the head. A) True B) False

B) False

The congealing of blood in an artery. A) arterosclerosis B) arterial coagula C) venous coagula D) vasodialation

B) arterial coagula

Pressure on the outside of an artery or vein is referred to as: A) extravascular B) extravascular resistance C) intravascular D) intravascular resistance

B) extravascular resistance

If the artery has formed this condition it cannot be used for injection. A) canalization B) embolus C) lumen D) aneurysm

A) canalization

Localized abnormal dilation or outpocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness of the vessel wall. Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Embolus Intravascular

Aneurysm

A thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in walls of the arteries. Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Embolus Intravascular

Arteriosclerosis

A detached blood clot. Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Embolus Intravascular

Embolus

Within the blood vascular system. Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Embolus Intravascular

Intravascular

High levels of radiation can occur: A) during treatment of malignant diseases B) through occupational exposure C) while standing in front of a microwave oven D) the top two answers are correct E) all of the answers are correct

D) the top two answers are correct

Defined as the amount of radioactive material in which 37 million atoms disintegrate each second: A) isotope B) therapeutic C) millicurie D) hazard

C) millicurie

The mc level of any radioactive isotope at which an autopsy or embalming should be done only under the advice of a radiation protection officer: A) 5 mc B) 30 mc C) 10 mc D) 15mc

A) 5 mc

Which type of gloves is recommended for use when embalming a remains with a high level of radiation: A) latex B) any type as long as they are double gloved C) rubber D) any of the above

C) rubber

Which of the following drug treatments require an increase in arterial concentration: A) Antibiotics B) Cortisone C) Cancer Chemotherapy D) All of the above

D) All of the above

When designing an embalming room, and architect must be made aware that the minimum width for a doorway must be this many inches: A) 30 B) 36 C) 42 D) 48

B) 36

The most notable among the health problems that can result from chemicals in the preparation room are: A) vomiting B) eye and nose irritations C) gastrointestinal distress D) HBV infection

B) eye and nose irritations

The viscosity of blood refers to: A) heat B) thickness C) amount D) solid portion

B) thickness

A heart attack is an example of: A) Cause of death B) Manner of death C) Specific death D) Common death

A) Cause of death