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Embalming > Embalming III Quiz > Flashcards

Embalming III Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Preterm Age Classification

A

Live birth before 37 weeks gestation

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2
Q

Stillborn Age Classification

A

Death occurs before or during delivery

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3
Q

Infant Age Classification

A

Birth to 18 months

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4
Q

Toddler Age Classification

A

18 to 48 months

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5
Q

Child Age Classification

A

4 to 12 years

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6
Q

Adolescent Age Classification

A

12 to 18 years

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7
Q

Young Adult Age Classification

A

18 to 25 years

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8
Q

Adult Age Classification

A

25 years to mid 70’s

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9
Q

Advanced Age Classification

A

Mid-seventies and older

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10
Q

Body water percentage at birth

A

75% total body weight

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11
Q

Body water percentage at 1 year

A

60% total body weight

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12
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Eyes

A
  • Trim eye caps for small eyelids
  • Can use cotton or place cotton under eyecaps
  • Apply thin amount of massage cream or spray to maintain eye closure and prevent dehydration
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13
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Mouth Closure

A
  • Muscular Suture
  • Mandibular Suture
  • Glue
  • DO NOT USE needle injector because gums have not formed and will not hold the needle
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14
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Hand Placement

A
  • Arms can be positioned to the sides of the body
  • Hands can be placed on abdomen
  • Place a toy or stuffed animal in their hands
  • Slightly turn the head to rest on the right cheek to give a resting appearance
  • Infant sized caskets are usually full couch so consider leg placement while embalming
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15
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Pre-Injection

A

Do not pre-inject infants

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16
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Vessel Selection

A
  • all arteries should be usable but the best are the femoral, carotid, and abdominal aorta.
  • Always inject distal leg first if using femoral
  • Do NOT use axillary for infants because they are small
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17
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Hypodermic Injection

A
  • Focus injection on anywhere solution didn’t distribute to
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18
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Cavity Treatment Information

A
  • Use an infant trocar for aspirating and injecting cavities
  • Puncture the trocar into the right or left inguinal abdominal area
  • Cavity embalming can be performed immediately after arterial embalming or can be delayed
  • Close entry site with purse-string suture, reverse suture, or trocar button
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19
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Drainage Sites

A
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Femoral vein
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20
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Strength of Solution

A
  • for autopsied babies, use a slightly higher strength solution (similar to adults)
  • Use co-injection chemicals like humectants to reduce the reaction
  • Use a dye
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21
Q

Infant Embalming Factors: Best Practices for Raising Vessels

A
  • Raise and ligate all arteries prior to injection of embalming solution
  • Inject the legs and arms before the head
  • Massage body to encourage distribution
  • Apply pressure to fingertips and lips to clear discoloration
22
Q

Surface Embalming Options for Infants

A
  • Place diluted cavity fluid or arterial solution on cotton and apply to the body
23
Q

Closure of Cranial and Trunk Incision Options/Steps for Infants

A
  • Use a worm suture or glue
  • Try not to use plastic if family wishes to touch/hold the infant
24
Q

Vessel Selection for Embalming Children

A

common carotid or femoral

25
Q

Rate of flow vs injection pressure

A
  • Injection Pressure: Amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or on (extravasulcar) the vascular system. (Pressure the machine makes to mimic the heart)
  • Rate of Flow: Speed at which fluid is injected; measured in ounces per minute.
  • Rate of flow causes swelling, injection pressure does not
26
Q

Degenerative Changes Seen in Older People

A
  • Arthritis
  • Muscle Atrophy
  • Osteoporosis
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • hands/arms are ossified/can’t move/clenched
27
Q

Mouth Closure Tip for Older People

A
  • Muscular or mandibular
  • fill in hollow areas with putty or cotton
28
Q

Amputation Embalming Steps

A
  • For surgical amputations, follow typical embalming protocol
  • For accidental/non-surgical amputations: embalm, hypodermic injection, put plastic over body
29
Q

Decubitis Ulcers and How to Treat Them

A
  • Decubitis Ulcer is the scientific name for a bedsore
  • May affect heals of feet, butt, and hips; may have necrosis/odor
  • Properly disinfect areas
  • Hypodermic treat after injection
  • Cauterize any gangrene/necrosis
  • Apply cavity fluid-saturated cotton to lesions and apply plastic garment
30
Q

Anyeurism and How to Treat Them

A
  • Anyeurism: An excessive bulging in the wall of a blood vessel, causing the wall to weaken; can rupture and cause internal bleeding that leads to death
  • Leakage may occur at the site of the ruptured aneurysm
    -if the abdomen has an aneurysm, there will be minimal drainage, the abdomen will distend, and no distribution
  • Use a six-point injection
  • Hypodermically treat the trunk and trunk walls
31
Q

Senile Purpura/ Ecchymosis

A
  • An extravascular irregularly shaped blood discoloration that often appears on the arms and the backs of the hands
  • bruising on hands/body
32
Q

Cachexia

A

severe weight loss

33
Q

Colostomy Bags

A
  • Remove colostomy bag after embalming
  • Use a purse string suture
  • Remove any metal parts in the body
34
Q

Effects of Malignancies (Cancers)

A
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (clots scatter throughout the vascular system)
  • Metabolic imbalance
  • Secretion of peptide and steroid hormones by tumors
  • Anemia
  • Cachexia (severe weightloss)
35
Q

Reasons for Hospital Autopsy

A

An autopsy ordered by the hospital
- Doctors have not made a form diagnosis
- Death follows inexpected medical complications
- Death follows the use of an experimental drug, new procedure or unusual therapy
- Death follows a dental or surgical procedure done for diagnostic purposes and the case does not come under the jurisdiction of medical examiner or coroner
- Death occurs suddenly, unexpectedly from natural causes
- Environmental or workplace hazards are suspected
- Death occurs during or after childbirth
- Concerns about hereditary disease that might affect other family members
- Concerns of the spread of a contagious disease
- Cause of death could affect insurance settlements
- Patient Care is questioned

36
Q

Five Reasons for Medicolegal/Forensic Autopsy

A

-Determine the cause of death
- Determine the manner of death (accidental, homicide, natural, suicide)
- Establish a time of death
- Recovery, identification, and preservation of evidence
- Provision of factual and objective information for legal authorities

37
Q

Partial vs Complete Autopsy

A
  • Partial Autopsy: An autopsy performed on a specific cavity or region of the body
  • Complete Autopsy: An autopsy that involves the full physical examination, tissue and fluid sampling, and removal of both crainal and visceral organs for examination; A standard Y-incision is used to examine the torso/trunk of the body, and a crainal incision is used to examine the head
38
Q

Best Practices When Embalming an Autopsied Person

A
  • Remove sharp instruments from the table when not in use
  • Cover exposed bones
  • Washed gloved hands when soiled/change gloves when needed
  • Avoid high water pressure to prevent splashes
  • Be sure to aspirate cavities thoroughly and remove any drainage
  • Clamp leaking vessels to improve distribution
  • Run water continuously while embalming to remove blood from table
  • Pack external orifices
  • Soak calvarium and sternum in preservative while embalming
39
Q

Fluid Strength, Use of Dyes, and Drainage for Autopsied Bodies

A
  • Use a stronger-than-average solution (30 index or above)
  • use dye to see preservation
  • no drainage materials are needed because blood pools in abdominal cavity
40
Q

Basic Steps of Embalming an Autopsied Person

A
  • Bathe body and remove rigor mortis
  • Shave and set features
  • Remove temporary sutures and open cavities
  • Remove sternum and viscera bag and treat them
  • Disinfect internal surfaces with topical spray
  • Locate and place ligatures around the 6 arteries for injection
  • Prepare the appropriate arterial solution
  • Inject (be cautious of rate of flow and injection pressure) Drainage may be concurrent or intermittent
  • Inject each leg
  • Inject each arm
  • Inject the head: left side, then right side (viewing side)
  • Use supplemental embalming when needed
  • Treat internal surfaces with a hardening,drying compound and/or preservative
  • Return viscera bag and sternum or fill empty cavity with cotton and preservative
  • Contour the neck area
  • Suture thoracic and abdominal cavity
  • Dry and treat walls of cranial cavity
  • Suture scalp
  • Wash and dry body
  • Apply plastic garments
    (Prepare a Decedent Care Report)
41
Q

Vessels to Inject on an Autopsied Person

A
  • Right and Left external illiac arteries
  • right and left axillary arteries
  • Right and left common carotid arteries
42
Q

Enucleation and Treatment Steps

A

Enucleation: the surgical removal of the entire eyeball, leaving behind the lining of the eyelids and muscles of the eye
- Loosely pack the eye orbits with cotton saturated with autopsy gel
- Close and pose the lids
- Thin layer of massage cream around area
- When embalming, slightly increase arterial strength
- Use low rate of flow and low pressure

43
Q

Tongue Removal and Treatment Steps

A
  • Close mouth and pose lips
  • Thin layer of massage cream
  • Insert cavity fluid saturated cotton through the neck
  • Tightly pack cotton into the floor of the mouth
  • Slightly increase strength of arterial solution
  • Use a dye
  • you can leave the cotton
    -apply digital pressure (your hands) if parts swell
44
Q

Hypodermic Treatments

A
  • Treat intercostal spaces,Trunk walls, Inside cavity surfaces, pelvic cavity
45
Q

Treatment of the Viscera

A
  1. Remove organ bag from cavity
  2. Remove organs from bag
  3. cut organs up
  4. Put organs in another bag or container
  5. treat organs with cavity fluid, autopsy gel, or a mixture of sin gel and dryene
  6. Zip tie bag and put inside body cavity
46
Q

Closure of the Abdominal Cavity

A
  • Use linen suture and a double-curved needle
  • Tye a knot at the end of the suture
  • Use the baseball suture
  • Use gathering forceps to bridge the Y-incision while suturing
  • Apply incision seal glue/powder
  • worm suture can be used for those whose skin tears easily
47
Q

Preparing and Closure of Cranial Cavity

A

Worm suture or Baseball suture

48
Q

Death from Pulmonary Embolism Clues

A

Exploratory incisions especially along the legs

49
Q

Death from Overdose Clues

A

Keloid Scars (especially around areas where blood is drawn)

50
Q

Restorative Treatments for Facial Trauma: Steps to Prepare and Inject

A
  1. Sanitize and clean
  2. examine body for punctures, fractures, lacerations, etc.
  3. temporary close openings found in step 2
  4. embalm with 30 index or above and add dye
  5. reclose openings
51
Q

Preservative Demand in Autopsied Persons Who are Refrigerated

A
  • Use a high-index embalming solution
  • 30 index or above

Embalming (20 decks)

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