Embalming Vocabulary Flashcards
(314 cards)
1
Q
(1) Nine region plan: by means of 4 imaginary planes, two of which are horizontal (indicated by lines drawn across the right and left 10” ribs and across the right and left anterior superior iliac spines) and 2 sagittal (indicated by lines drawn from mid point of inguinal ligament to nipples of chest, right and left sides). Upper row - right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac. Middle row - right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar. Lower row - right inguinal (iliac), hypogastric, left inguinal (iliac). (2) Four region plan: by means of 2 imaginary planes, one horizontal and the other mid-sagittal. Upper right quadrant, upper left quadrant, lower right quadrant, lower left quadrant
A
Abdominal anatomical regions
2
Q
Antemortem injuries resulting from fiction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis
A
Abrasion
3
Q
To bluntly adjoin another structure; for example, the line of eye closure
A
Abut
4
Q
A group of chemicals used in addition to vascular (arterial) and cavity embalming fluids; most are applied to the body surface. Includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents, mold preventative agents, and pack application agents
A
Accessory Chemical
5
Q
A specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicative of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); persons dead having had AIDS may exhibit conditions such as wasting syndrome, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma
A
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome / AIDS
6
Q
This level is established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, but to minimize the compliance burdens for employers whose employees have exposures below the 8 hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The AL for formaldehyde is 0.5 ppm
A
Action level / AL
(Exposure Limit)
7
Q
That pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body
A
Actual Pressure
8
Q
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
A
Adipocere (grave wax)
9
Q
In the presence of free oxygen
A
Aerobic
10
Q
To disperse as an aerosol; minute particles of blood and water become atomized and suspended in air when water under pressure meets the blood drainage or when flushing an uncovered flush sink
A
Aerosolization
11
Q
Intravascular, the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels
A
Agglutination (Congealing)
12
Q
Decrease in body temperature immediately before death
A
Agonal algor
13
Q
In reference to blood, a change from a fluid into a thickened mass
A
Agonal coagulation (Congealing)
14
Q
Loss of moisture from the living body during the agonal state
A
Agonal dehydration
15
Q
Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death
A
Agonal edema
16
Q
Increase in body temperature immediately before death
A
Agonal fever
17
Q
Period immediately before somatic death
A
Agonal period
18
Q
An agonal or postmortem redistribution of host microflora on a host wide basis
A
Agonal translocation (Translocation)
19
Q
Postmortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature
A
Algor mortis
20
Q
Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open
A
Alternate drainage (Restricted Drainage)
21
Q
An organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions who are employed in occupational safety and health programs
A
American Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists / ACGIH
22
Q
The building blocks of proteins; and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis, it is a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-COOH) group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical
A
Amino Acids
23
Q
In the absence of free oxygen
A
Anaerobic
24
Q
Generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue
A
Anasarca
25
Descriptive references for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known
Anatomical Guide
26
Points of origin and points of termination in relation to adjacent structures; used to designate the boundaries of arteries
Anatomical limits
27
The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs are pointed away from the body
Anatomical position
28
Localized abnormal dilation of outpocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness of the vessel wall
Aneurysm
29
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels, which has an eye in the hook portion of the instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels
Aneurysm needle
30
An embalming instrument that is used for blunt dissection and in raising vessels
Aneurysm hook
31
Multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process
Angular spring forceps
32
Deviation from the normal
Anomalies
33
In front of the elbow / in the bend of the elbow
Antecubital
34
Before death
Antemortem
35
Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air; an antemortem condition brought by a surgical procedure, trauma, or by a puncture or tear in the pleural sac or the lung tissue
Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema
36
Before or in front of; an anatomical term of position and direction which denotes the front or forward part
Anterior
37
A bony protuberance that can be palpated topographically, found on the ilium, the superior broad portion of the hip bone; the origin of the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle
Anterior superior iliac spine
38
Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals
Anticoagulant fluid
39
Condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained
Apparent death
40
The concentrated, preservative, embalming chemical that will be diluted with water to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial system during vascular embalming. The purpose s for inactivating saprophytic bacteria and rendering the body tissues less susceptible to decomposition
Arterial (vascular) fluid
41
Mixture of arterial (vascular) fluid and water which is used for the arterial injection and may include supplemental fluids
Arterial solution
42
Tube used to inject embalming fluid into the body vascular system
Arterial tube
43
Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Arteriosclerosis
44
Place of union between two or more bones
Articulation
45
Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity
Ascities
46
Freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility
Asepsis
47
Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes
Asphyxia
48
Withdrawal of gas, fluids, and semi-solids from body cavities and hollow viscera by means of suction with an aspirator and a trocar
Aspiration
49
Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in atherosclerosis
Atheroma
50
Apparatus used for sterilization by steam pressure, usually at 250*F (120*C) for a specific time
Autoclave
51
Self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance
Autolysis
52
The body's own digestive enzymes that are capable of destroying body cells (autolytic decomposition)
Autolytic Enzyme
53
A postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition
Autopsy (Postmortem Examination)
54
Agent that destroys bacteria
Bactericidal agent
55
Agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth. No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied
Bacteriostatic agent
56
Resin combined with oil; a fragrant, resinous, oily exudate from various trees and plants
Balsamic substance
57
The armpit
Base of the axillary space
58
Biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans
Biohazard
59
Bloodborne pathogens, blood or body fluids exposure, any potentially infective, contaminated waste associated with the preparation of human remains that constitutes a hazard to humans in the workplace
Biohazardous waste (infectious waste)
60
Irreversible somatic death
Biological death
61
A carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other; normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst
Bischloromethyl ether / BCME
62
A chemical that lightens a skin discoloration
Bleaching agent
63
Cell-containing fluid that circulates through the blood vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids and 78% water
Blood
64
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Bloodborne pathogens
65
OSHA REGULATION (29CR 1910-1030) regulating the employee's exposure to blood and other body fluids. OSHA DEFINITIONS: Blood - human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood
Bloodborne pathogen rule
66
Discolorations resulting from changes in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extravascularly
Blood discoloration
67
Pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial wall in the living body and measured in millimeters of mercury
Blood pressure
68
Circulatory network composed of the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
Blood vascular system
69
Separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round-ended instruments that are separate rather than cut the protective tissues
Blunt dissection
70
Acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin, which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle
Boil (Furuncle)
71
A temporary suture consisting of individually cut and tied stitched employed to sustain the proper position of tissues
Bridge Suture (Interrupted Suture)
72
Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth
Buccal cavity
73
Substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution
Buffers
74
Self-contained, soft rubber and manual pump designed to create pressure to deliver fluid as it passes through one-way valves located within the bulb. It is used only to deliver fluids, it cannot be used for aspiration
Bulb syringe
75
Dead human body used for medical purposes: including transplantation, anatomical dissection and study
Cadaver
76
Prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death
Cadaveric Spasm
77
Dome-like superior portion of the cranium; that portion removed during cranial autopsy
Calvarium
78
Device used to fasten the calvarium to the cranium after a cranial autopsy
Calvarium clamp
79
Formation of new channels in a tissue
Canalization
80
Minute blood vessels, the walls of which comprise a single layer of endothelial cells. Capillaries connect the smallest arteries (arteriole) with the smallest veins (venule) and are where pressure filtration occurs
Capillaries
81
Ability of substances to diffuse through capillary walls into the tissue spaces
Capillary permeability
82
A compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivate of polyhydroxyl alcohol. Examples are sugars, starches, and glycogen
Carbohydrate
83
Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis
Carbuncle
84
A cancer-causing chemical or material
Carcinogen (Carcinogenicity)
85
Formation of cavities in an organ or tissue; frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis
Cavitation
86
Direct treatment, other than vascular (arterial) injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection of chemicals using a trocar
Cavity embalming
87
Concentrated embalming chemicals which are injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration in cavity embalming. Cavity fluid can also be used as the chemical in hypodermic and surface embalming
Cavity fluid
88
Death of the individual cells of the body
Cellular death
89
Ascending aorta and/or arch of the aorta
Center of fluid distribution
90
Right atrium of the heart
Center of venous drainage
91
Major agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, concerned with all phases of control of communicable, vector-borne, and occupational diseases
Center for Disease Control and Prevention / CDCP (CDC)
92
Embalming machine that uses an electrical pump to create pressure; pulsating and non-pulsating types
Centrifugal force machine
93
Substances that bind metallic ions such as Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) used as an anticoagulant in embalming solutions
Chelate
94
Change in the body's chemical composition that occurs after death; for example, release of heme leading to postmortem staining
Chemical postmortem change
95
Application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in humans, causing an elevated preservation demand
Chemotherapy (Chemotherapeutic agents)
96
Phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes during which life may be restored
Clinical death
97
Drainage procedure that limits the exposure of the embalmer to the drainage. Tubing is attached to a drain tube allowing drainage to flow directly from a vein into a sanitary disposal system; tubing may also be attached to a trocar and aspirator allowing drainage to be taken from the right atrium of the heart to the sanitary disposal system
Closed System Drainage
98
Chemical and physical agents that bring about coagulation
Coagulating agents
99
Fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) solutions
Coinjection fluid
100
Irreversible cessation of the brain activity and loss of consciousness; death beginning at the brain
Coma
101
Disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent
Communicable disease
102
Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process
Concurrent disinfection
103
Method of drainage in which drainage occurs continuously during vascular (arterial) injection
Concurrent drainage
104
Rounded articular process on a bone
Condyle
105
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde
Congealing
106
Mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the white portion of the eye
Conjunctiva
107
Disease that may be transmitted between individuals, with reference to the organism that causes a disease
Contagious disease
108
The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface
Contaminated
109
Laundry that has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps
Contaminated laundry
110
Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to, needles, scalpels, broken glass, and exposed ends of wires
Contaminated sharps
111
Transparent part of the tunic of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light into the interior
Cornea
112
That portion of the cornea recovered from transplantation in situ
Corneal sclera button
113
Official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths
Coroner
114
Having an abnormal amount of fat on the body
Corpulence (Obesity)
115
Embalming fluid that contains dyes and coloring agents intended to restore a more natural skin tone through the embalming process
Cosmetic fluid
116
Dye that helps to cover internal discolorations such as jaundice
Counterstaining compound
117
Plastic garment designed to cover the body from the chest down to the upper thigh
Coverall
118
Method used to embalm the contents of the cranial cavity through the contents of the cavity through aspiration and injection of the cranial chamber by passage of a trocar through the cribriform plate
Cranial embalming
119
Those elements remaining after cremation of a dead human body
Cremated remains
120
Crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpated, as in subcutaneous emphysema or tissue gas
Crepitation
121
Disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology assumed to be caused by a prion
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease / CJD
122
Thin, medial portion of the ethmoid bone of the skull
Cribriform plate
123
Irreversible cessation of all vital functions (nonlegal definition)
Death
124
Noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity
Death rattle
125
Semi-convulsive twitches that often occur before death
Death struggle
126
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
127
Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes
Decomposition
128
Loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem the removal of water from a substance
Dehydration
129
Protein whose structure has been changed by physical or chemical agents
Denatured protein
130
Rendered thoroughly dry; exhausted of moisture
Desiccation
131
Areas of embalmed tissue where excessive dehydration has occurred
Desiccation marks
132
Sloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of putrefaction
Desquamation (skin slip)
133
Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable, membrane
Dialysis
134
The difference between potential and actual pressure
Differential pressure
135
Movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Diffusion
136
Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location; movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids
Diffusion (Arterial solution)
137
Finger and toes. The thumb is the number one digit for each hand and the large toe is the number one digit for each foot
Digits
138
Any abnormal color in or upon the human body
Discoloration
139
Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system
Disease
140
An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores
Disinfectant
141
Destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body
Disinfection
142
Movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries
Distribution (fluid)
143
Embalming instrument, inserted into a vein, used to aid the drainage of venous blood from the body
Drain tube
144
Discharge or withdrawal of blood, blood clots, interstitial and lymphatic fluid, and embalming solution from the body during vascular embalming, usually through a vein
Drainage
145
OSHA required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time
Drench shower
146
Substances which will, upon being dissolved, impart a definite color to the embalming solution. Dyes are classified as to their capacity to permanently impart color to the tissue of the body into which they are injected
Dye (Coloring agent)
147
Discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood within the tissues; generally accompanied by swelling
Ecchymosis (Bruise)
148
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities
Edema
149
Device that uses a motor to create suction for the purpose of aspiration
Electric Aspirator
150
Electrically heated blade which may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour to natural form
Electric spatula
151
Record of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram / ECG / EKG
152
Record of the electrical activity of the brain
Electroencephalogram / EEG
153
Process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance
Embalming
154
That consideration given to the dead body prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is completed; documentation is recommended
Embalming analysis (Case analysis)
155
Report filled out for each body prepared and for each body received from another funeral home
Embalming report (Case report)
156
Mechanical systems and devices engineered into the architecture of a building, for example, exhaust systems, sanitary plumbing
Engineering controls
157
Surroundings, conditions, or influences that affect an organism or the cells within an organism
Environment
158
Governmental agency with environmental protection regulatory and enforcement authority
Environmental protection agency / EPA
159
Organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition. A protein that acts as a biological catalyst
Enzymes
160
To remove as by cutting out; the area from which tissue has been removed
Excision
161
Any procedure used to prove a sign of death, usually performed by medical personnel
Expert tests of death
162
Specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee's duties
Exposure incident
163
Excess loss of blood
Exsanguination
164
Outside the blood vascular system
Extravascular
165
Discoloration of the body outside the blood vascular system, for example, ecchymosis, petechia, hematoma, and postmortem stain
Extravascular blood discoloration
166
From outside the body
Extrinsic
167
Removal of the eye for tissue transplantation, research and education
Eye enucleation
168
Extravasation of blood as a result of eye enucleation
Eye enucleation discoloration
169
A thin, dome-like shell made of hardened cloth, metal, or plastic placed beneath eyelids to restore natural curvature and to maintain the position of posed eyelids
Eyecap
170
OSHA required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye
Eyewash station
171
A common name for a triglyceride ester that is a semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids
Fat
172
Product of decomposition of fats
Fatty acids
173
Characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body
Febrile
174
Agency of federal government created in 1914 to promote free and fair competition by prevention of trade restraints, price fixing, false advertising and other unfair methods of competition
Federal Trade Commission / FTC
175
The microbial (enzymatic) decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions
Fermentation
176
Lesions of the mucous membrane of the lip or mouth usually caused by Herpes Simplex Type 1 or 2 virus or by dehydration of the mucous membrane in a febrile disease
Fever blisters
177
Rigidity of tissue due to chemical reaction
Firming
178
Act of making tissue rigid. Solidification of a compound
Fixation
179
Agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form of the structure. Many agents are used, the most important one being formalin
Fixative
180
Colorless, strong-smelling gas that when used in solution is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a potential occupational carcinogen
Formaldehyde / HCHO
181
Gray discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin
Formaldehyde gray
182
OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupation exposure to formaldehyde gas
Formaldehyde rule
183
Necrosis, death of tissues of part of the body usually due to deficient or absent blood supply
Gangrene
184
Necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being Clostridium perfringens
Gas Gangrene
185
Extravascular settling of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body
Gravity filtration
186
Apparatus used to inject arterial fluid during the vascular (arterial) phase of the embalming process; relies on gravity to create the pressure required to deliver the fluid (0.43 pounds of pressure per one foot of elevation)
Gravity Injector
187
Instrument used to guide drainage tubes into veins
Groove director
188
Historical instrument resembling a large hypodermic syringe attached to a bottle apparatus; used to create either pressure for injection or vacuum for aspiration
Hand pump
189
Water containing large amounts of mineral salts. These mineral salts must be removed from or sequestered in water (vehicle) to be used in mixing vascular embalming solutions
Hard Water
190
Chemical in powder form that has the ability to absorb and to disinfect. Often used in cavity treatment of autopsied cases
Hardening compound
191
OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to occupational hazards
Hazard Communication Standard/Rule
192
Agent or material exposing one to risk
Hazardous material
193
Piece of equipment used to maintain the head in the proper position during the embalming process
Headrest
194
Blood present in vomitus; vomiting of blood from the stomach
Hematemesis
195
A swelling or mass of clotted blood confined to an organ or space caused by a ruptured blood vessel; tumor like swelling of blood
Hematoma
196
Nonprotein portion of hemoglobin; the red pigment of the hemoglobin
Heme
197
Red respiratory portion of the red blood cells; iron containing pigment of red blood cells functioning to carry oxygen to the cells
Hemoglobin
198
Destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin
Hemolysis
199
Inflammation of the liver. It may be caused by a variety of agents, including viral infections, bacterial invasion, and physical or chemical agents. It is usually accompanied by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver
Hepatitis
200
Severe infectious bloodborne virus
Hepatitis B Virus / HBV
201
Inflammatory skin disease marked by small vesicles in clusters, usually restricted to diseases caused by herpes virus
Herpes
202
Special vascular (arterial) fluid with a high HCHO content
High preservation demand fluids (High-index fluids)
203
Five percent sodium hypochlorite solution; twelve ounces of household bleach with 116 ounces of water yields one gallon of a 10% household solution (5000 ppm sodium hypochlorite)
Household bleach
204
Retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Human immunodeficiency virus / HIV
205
Body of a deceased person, including cremated remains
Human remains
206
Chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture
Humectant
207
Apparatus that is connected to the water supply; when the water is turned on a suction is developed and is used to aspirate the contents of the body's cavities
Hydroaspirator
208
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure in any sacculated cavity in the body, especially in the scrotal sac
Hydrocele
209
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain
Hydrocephalus
210
Reaction in which water is one of the reactants and compounds are often broken down. In the hydrolysis of proteins, the addition of water accompanied by action of enzymes results in the breakdown of protein into amino acids
Hydrolysis
211
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
Hydropericardium
212
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
Hydrothorax
213
Absorbing moisture readily
Hygroscopic
214
Solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypertonic solution
215
Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar
Hypodermic embalming
216
Settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body
Hypostasis (Agonal hypostasis. antemortem hypostasis, postmortem hypostasis)
217
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypotonic solution
218
The swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources
Imbibition
219
A clean cut into tissue or skin made with a sharp instrument; in embalming, a cut made with a scalpel to raise arteries and veins
Incision
220
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ml if water. Index usually refers to a percentage; an embalming fluid with an index of 25 usually contains 25% formaldehyde gas
Index
221
A child less than 1 year of age
Infant
222
Disease caused by the growth of a pathogenic microorganism in the body
Infectious disease
223
Beneath; lower; used medically in reference to the undersurface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet
Inferior
224
Anatomical structure forming the base of the femoral triangle; extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
Inguinal ligament
225
Act or instance of forcing a fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues
Injection
226
Amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or on (extravascular) the vascular system (arterial or venous)
Injection pressure
227
Immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body
Instantaneous rigor mortis
228
Between the cells of a structure
Intercellular
229
Space between the ribs
Intercostal space
230
Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues
Intermittent drainage (restricted drainage)
231
Fluid in the supporting connective tissues surrounding body cells (about 1/5 the body weight)
Interstitial fluid
232
Fluid inside cells of the body (constituting about 1/2 of the body weight)
Intracellular fluid
233
Within the blood vascular system
Intravascular
234
Discoloration of the body within the blood vascular system; for example, hypostasis, carbon monoxide, and capillary congestion
Intravascular blood discoloration
235
Fluid contained within vascular channels (about 1/20th of the body weight)
Intravascular fluid
236
Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in the filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration
Intravascular pressure
237
From within the body
Intrinsic
238
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed
Ischemic necrosis (dry gangrene)
239
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared
Isotonic solution
240
Conditions characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient
Jaundice (icterus)
241
A special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with jaundice; usually, low formaldehyde content
Jaundice fluid
242
Wound characterized by irregular tearing of tissue
Laceration
243
Substance used to kill insect larvae
Larvicide
244
Away from the midline
Lateral
245
Severe, often fatal bacterial disease characterized by pneumonia, dry cough, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms
Legionnaires' disease
246
Specific pathological structural and functional changes or both brought about by disease or injury
Lesion
247
To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming
Ligate
248
Line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper-lying structure
Linear guide
249
Decomposition of fats
Lipolysis
250
Postmortem intravascular red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood
Livor mortis (cadaveric lividity)
251
Cavity or opening of a vein, artery, or intestine
Lumen
252
Specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues
Lysin
253
Organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell; contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins and certain carbohydrates
Lysosome
254
An insect larva; especially flies
Maggot
255
A stitch used to hold the mouth closed; placed behind the lips, one part is passed through around the inferior jaw at the median plane, while the other part extends through the nasal septum or the superior frenulum
Mandibular suture
256
Manipulation of tissue in the course of preparation of the body
Massage
257
Form that must accompany a hazardous product; a requirement of the Department of Labor and OSHA under the Hazard Communication Standard
Material Safety Data Sheet / MSDS
258
The application of treatments or procedures that utilize machines or instruments. Adjustments of pressure, rate of flow or use of pulsation with the embalming machine; utilization of properly sized arterial tubes and drainage instruments. Opening and closing of drainage instruments
Mechanical aids
259
Toward the midline
Medial
260
Official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural deaths
Medical examiner
261
Inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis
262
Minute one-celled form of life not distinguishable as being of vegetable or animal nature
Microorganisms (microbe)
263
The enzymes of microorganisms; a source of the enzymes that contribute to decomposition
Microbial Enzyme
264
That amount of radioactive material in which 37 million atoms disintegrate each second
Millicurie/mCi
265
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the embalming fluid to be used
Modifying agents
266
Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of inadequate venous drainage; may be accompanied by the invasion of saprophytic bacteria
Moist (wet) gangrene
267
Agents which will prohibit the growth of mold
Mold preventative (mold-preventative agents)
268
In a dying state; in the agonal period
Moribund
269
A paste to fix or fill
Mortuary putty
270
Device used in the mouth to shape the contour of the lips
Mouth former
271
Vascular injection from two or more sites
Multi-point injection (multi-site)
272
Method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin
Musculature suture
273
Space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity
Nasal cavity
274
Embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils
Nasal tube aspirator
275
Tests and certifies respiratory protective devices and air sampling detector tubes, recommends occupational exposure limits for various substances, and assists OSHA in occupational safety and health investigations and research
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health / NIOSH
276
Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement
Necrobiosis
277
Pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism
Necrosis
278
Mechanical device used to impel specifically designed metal pins into bone
Needle Injector
279
Inflammation of the kidneys
Nephritis
280
Metabolic by-products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid. These compounds have a high affinity for formaldehyde and tend to neutralize embalming chemicals
Nitrogenous waste
281
Type of arterial fluid which contains inactive dyes that will not impart a color change upon the body tissues of the deceased
Non-cosmetic fluid
282
Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral, contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of a worker's duties
Occupational exposure
283
Government agency with the responsibility for regulation and enforcement of safety and health matters for most United States employees; an individual state of OSHA agency may supersede the US Department of Labor OSHA regulations
Occupational Safety and Health Administration / OSHA
284
Injection and drainage from one location
One point injection
285
Any and all techniques to treat a problem area, excision, incision, and channeling
Operative (aids) corections
286
Optical instrument with an accompanying light that makes it possible to examine the retina and to explore for blood circulation
Ophthalmoscope
287
Most favorable condition for functioning
Optimum
288
Mouth and vestibule; or the opening to the throat
Oral cavity
289
Passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules but it is permeable to the solvent
Osmosis
290
Embalming instrument used in filling the external orifices of the body
Packing forceps
291
To examine by touch
Palpate
292
Incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries, it is made along the posterior border of the inferior one third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Parallel incision
293
Introduced into body by piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts and abrasions
Parenteral
294
A method of expressing low concentrations; 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram per liter; in contaminated air, the parts of vapor or gas (formaldehyde) per million parts of air by volume; in solution the parts of chemical per million parts of solution
Parts per million / ppm
295
Antemortem discoloration that occurs during the course of certain diseases; gangrene and jaundice
Pathological discoloration
296
Substance able to destroy lice
Pediculicide
297
Effected through unbroken skin
Percutaneous
298
Chemicals found in embalming arterial formulations having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
Perfuming Agents (masking agents)
299
To force a fluid through (an organ or tissue), especially by way of the blood vessels; injecting during vascular (arterial) embalming
Perfusion
300
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membranous coat lining the abdominal cavity and investing the viscera
Peritonitis
301
The maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposure that are time-weighted over an eight-hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure. For formaldehyde, the PEL is 0.75ppm
Permissible exposure limit / PEL
302
Those items of protection worn to minimize exposure to hazards; those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids
Personal Protective Equipment / PPE
303
Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
Petechia
304
Drugs or medicines that change the biochemical constituents of the blood
Pharmaceutical agents
305
Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation
Pitting edema
306
Preparation room equipment for properly positioning bodies prior to, during, and after vascular embalming
Positioning devices
307
Toward the back
Posterior
308
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle
Posterior boundary
309
Period that begins after somatic death
Postmortem
310
Rise in body temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism
Postmortem caloricity
311
Change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Postmortem physical changes
312
Extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues
Postmortem stain
313
Power/potential of hydrogen; a number signifying the acidity or alkalinity of a chemical solution; the measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14, 0 being completely acid, 14 completely basic, and 7 neutral. Blood has a pH of 7.35-7.45
Potential of hydrogen / pH
314
