Embedded Sys - Introduction

Question 1

A microcomputer system in a larger system design for one or two dedicated services

Answer 1

Embedded System

Question 2

Differentiate RTOS vs GPOS

Answer 2

GPOS prioritizes user-friendly multitasking and flexibility, while RTOS focuses on deterministic performance with strict timing and task prioritization for real-time applications.

Question 3

3 Classifications of Embedded systems based on their complexity and performance

Answer 3

small-scale,
medium-scale,
and large-scale.

Question 4

Embedded system classification that is built around low-end 8- or 16-bit
microprocessors or microcontrollers.

Answer 4

Small-scale systems

Question 5

Examples of small-scale embedded systems(Give 3)

Answer 5

mouse and
TV remote control
Electronic Door Lock
Washing Machine Controller
Digital Thermostat
(Clue is no operating system is found on these devices)

Question 6

Give 5 Real-Time Embedded Systems examples

Answer 6

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS):
Pacemaker:
Airbag Deployment System:
Industrial Robotics
Flight Control Systems

Question 7

A classification of Embedded System that have both hardware and software complexities.
Also uses 16- or 32-bit microprocessors or microcontrollers.

Answer 7

Medium-Scale Systems

Question 8

Examples
of medium-scale embedded systems (Give 3)

Answer 8

vending machines and
Microwave Oven
washingmachines.
Smart Lighting System
Automated Teller Machine (ATM
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

Question 9

These embedded systems have enormous hardware
and software complexities, which are built around 32- or 64-bit microprocessors or microcontrollers, along with a range of other high-speed integrated
circuits.

Answer 9

Large-scale or sophisticated embedded systems

Question 10

Examples of large-scale embedded systems Give 3

Answer 10

flight-landing gear systems,
car braking systems, and military applications.
Automotive Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Control System
Radar and Sonar Systems

Question 11

Embedded systems can be non-real-time or real-time. True or False?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Give 5 Non-Real-Time Embedded Systems examples

Answer 12

Smart TV:
Washing Machine Controller:
Digital Camera
Microwave Oven Controller
Smart Refrigerator:

Question 13

Differentiate real-time embedded systems to non-real-time ES

Answer 13

real-time embedded systems must meet strict timing constraints for critical tasks, while non-real-time systems can perform functions without such tight deadlines.

Question 14

What do you call the brain of an embedded system

Answer 14

controller

Question 15

a device that converts an electrical signal from the system into physical motion or action.

Answer 15

Actuator

Question 16

Types of Actuator

Answer 16

hydraulic,
electric,
thermal,
magnetic, or
mechanic.

Question 17

refers to a property of systems in which several computations
are executing simultaneously and potentially interacting with each other.

Answer 17

Concurrency

Question 18

systems in which different components or processes operate at different sampling rates or update frequencies. In the context of signal processing and control systems,it can effectively manage and process signals that vary in time or frequency, leading to efficient resource utilization and enhanced performance.

Answer 18

Multirate Systems

Question 19

A real-time system must behave in a way that can be predicted in terms of all
timing requirements. True or False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

represents
the ability to ensure the execution of an application without concern that
outside factors, such as unforeseen events, will upset the execution in unpredictable ways.

Answer 20

Determinism

Question 21

refers to the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified time.

Answer 21

Reliability

Question 22

What unit is reliability is measured

Answer 22

failures per million operating hours

Question 23

What would happen if the
deadline is missed in a hard real-time constraint system?

Answer 23

Can cause the system failure or result in a zero
usefulness of the delivered service

Question 24

This type of Real-Time Embedded System is expressed deterministically

Answer 24

hard constraint

Question 25

This type of Real-Time Embedded System are often expressed statistically

Answer 25

Soft constraints

Question 26

Give an example of real-time database application. Is it a hard or a soft real-time system? Give your arguments

Question 27

The car engine management system (EMS) is a real-time embedded system. Read related online materials, and find out major hardware components of the system and how they interact with each other to ensure the best engine performance.

Question 28

Give an example of real-time embedded systems in which an earlier response than expected is as bad as a late response.

Question 29

Give an example of a real-time embedded system that has both hard and soft real-time constraints.

Question 30

this is an input device of embedded systems

Answer 30

sensor

Question 31

a device that converts one form of energy into another

Answer 31

Transducer

Question 32

an electronic device, exposed to designers as pins of the chip, which has one side connecting to the processor and the other side connecting to input/output devices.

Answer 32

I/O interface

Question 33

two complementary ways the I/O is mapped

Answer 33

- port-mapped I/O (also called isolated I/O) - and memory-mapped I/O.

Question 34

Give 5 types of sensors.

Answer 34

Displacement sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, acceleration sensors, gyro sensors, temperature sensors, and light sensors

Question 35

A good sensor must be sensitive to the measured property, but does not interfere with it. True or False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

an effect where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to the applied mechanical stress.

Answer 36

piezoelectric effect

Question 37

two categories of sensors that differ primarily in how they operate and gather data from the environment.

Answer 37

Active sensors and passive sensors

Question 38

This type of sensor requires an external source of energy to operate.

Answer 38

Active sensors

Question 39

This type of sensor simply detect and respond to some type of input from the physical environment.

Answer 39

passive sensors

Question 40

The performance of sensors is mainly characterized by the following parameters: Give 5

Answer 40

* Range of the value of the measured stimulus * Resolution of the measured stimulus * Sensing frequency * Accuracy of measurement * Size * Operating temperature and environment conditions * Service life in hours or number of cycles of operation

Question 41

a transducer that converts electrical energy into some other form of energy, such as motion, heat, light, or sound, to move or control a system.

Answer 41

Actuator

Question 42

the performance of an actuator is primarily characterized by the following parameters:

Answer 42

* Maximum magnitude of force or mechanic it can exert on a system in sustainable cyclic operation * Speed of operation * Operating temperature and environment conditions * Service life in hours or number of cycles of operation

Question 43

Types of Traditional actuators

Answer 43

hydraulics, pneumatics, and solenoids.

Question 44

actuator that consists of a cylinder or fluid motor that uses hydraulic power to facilitate mechanical operation.

Answer 44

hydraulic actuator

Question 45

actuator that converts energy formed by vacuum or compressed air at a high pressure into either linear or rotary motion.

Answer 45

pneumatic actuator

Question 46

a type of electromagnetic actuator that converts an electrical signal into a magnetic field and produces a linear motion.

Answer 46

solenoid actuator