Embolism Infarction And Shock

Question 1

Types of Embolism

Answer 1

• Pulmonary Embolism
• Systemic Embolism
• Air Embolisim
• Fat Embolism
• Amniotic fluid embolism • Pulmonary Embolism
• Systemic Embolism
• Air Embolisim
• Fat Embolism
• Amniotic fluid embolism

Question 2

Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Answer 2

ulmonary Thromboembolism
• A major cause of hospital deaths (i.e., surgery, pregnancy, malignancy)
• Venous emboli
• Originate from thrombi within deep leg veins
• proximal to the popliteal fossa
• lower leg thrombi is uncommon
• Paradoxical embolism
• Rarely, a venous embolus passes through an interatrial or interventricular defect
and gains access to the systemic arterial circulation

Pass through the right side of the heart

Depending on size occlude
• main pulmonary artery
• bifurcation of the right and left pulmonary arteries (saddle embolus)
• smaller, branching arterioles

Question 3

Systemic Thromboembolism

Answer 3

80% arise from intracardiac mural thrombi
• 2/3 associated with left ventricular wall infarcts
• 25% with dilated left atria (secondary to mitral valve disease, left
atrial dilation)
• Remainder
• aortic aneurysms
• thrombi overlying ulcerated atherosclerotic plaques
• fragmented valvular vegetations
• venous system (paradoxical emboli)
• 10% to 15% of systemic emboli are of unknown origin

• Common arteriolar embolization sites
• lower extremities (75%)
• central nervous system
• intestines
• kidneys
• spleen
• consequences depend on
• caliber of the occluded vessel
• collateral supply
• affected tissue’s vulnerability to anoxia
• in general, however, the outcome is tissue infarctio

Question 4

Blockings in pulmonoary thromboembolism

Answer 4

Major arteries. Death
Medium sized. Hemorrhage

Small sized. Infarction