Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FA CARDIO > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

Ascending Aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bulbus cordis

A

smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primitive atrium

A

trabeculated part of R and L atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Trabeculated part ofR and L ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

primary pulmonary vein

A

smooth part of the L atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus

A

coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

right horn of sinus venosus

A

(sinus venarum) smooth part of R atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

A

SVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which organ functions first?

A

heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does the heart beat?

A

spontaneously by week 4 of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when is the embryonic period of development?

A

weeks 3 to 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is cardiac looping?

A

when the primary hear tube loops to establish left-right polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when does cardiac looping occur?

A

week 4 of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in what disease do you see dextrocardia?

A

Kartagner syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is another name for Kartagner syndrome?

A

1 ciliary diskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What defect do you see in dextrocardia?

A

defect in L-R dynein (involved in L/R asymmetry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the other findings of Kartagner syndrome?

A

situs inversus, bronchiectasis, infertility in male and female ( immotile sperm, dysfunctional fallopian tube cilia), recurrent sinusitis, dextrocardia on xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the defect of Kartagner syndrome?

A

immotile cilia due to defect in dynein arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the steps in the separation of the atria?

A
  1. septum primum grows toward endocardial cushion ( narrowing the foramen premium)
  2. foramen second forms in septum premium (foramen premium disappears)
  3. septum secundum develops as foramen secundum maintains R to L shunt
  4. septum secundum expands and covers most of foramen secundum ( the residual foramen is the foramen ovale)
  5. remaining portion of septum premium forms the valve of the form ovale
  6. septum secundum and primum fuse to form atrial septum
  7. foramen ovale closes soon after birth because increase LA pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when does the foramen ovale close?

A

soon after birth because of an increase in LA pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is it called when it stays open?

A

Patent foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

caused by failure of septum premium and septum scandium to fuse after birth. most are left untreated

can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation), similar to those resulting from an ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a paradoxical emboli?

A

venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the steps in ventricle septation?

A
  1. muscular ventricular septum forms . Opening is called inter ventricular foramen
  2. aorticopulmonary septum rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous inter ventricular septum, closing the inter ventricular foramen
  3. growth of endocardial cushions separates atria from ventricles and contributes to both atrial separation and membranous portion of the interventricular septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what contributes to both atrial separation and membranous portion of the inter ventricular septum?
endocardial cushion
26
what separates the atria from the ventricles?
endocardial cushion
27
what is the outflow tract?
smooth part of R and L ventricles
28
how does the outflow tract form?
truncus arteriosus rotates neural crest + endocardial cell migration --> truncal and bulbar ridges that spiral and fuse to form aorticopulmonary septum --> ascending and pulmonary trunk
29
what cells cause the outflow tract to begin formation?
neural crest and endocardial cell migrations
30
what forms the Aorticopulmonary septum?
truncal bulbar ridges that spiral and fuse
31
Aorticopulmonary septum divides _____ and ______.
ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
32
What abnormalities can you see with a defect in the formation of the outflow tract?
Transposition of the great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot, and Persistent trunks arterioles
33
how do the A/P valves develop
they are derived from the endocardial cushion of outflow tract
34
how are the M/T valves developed
they are derived from fused endocardial cushion of the AV canal
35
list some valve anomalies
stenotic, regurgitant, atretic (tricuspid atresia) or displaced (ebstein anomaly)
36
which valves accelerate the normal aging process?
congenital bicuspid aortic valves
37
congenital bicuspid aortic valves leads to ______ in the ____ and ___ decades.
calcific aortic stenosis, 6th and 7th
38
in a patient without the defect, congenital bicuspid aortic valves.. what is found in the 8th and 9th decades?
senile calcific aortic stenosis
39
where does fetal erythropoiesis occur?
yolk sac, liver, spleen, BM
40
List and date where fetal erythropoiesis occurs:
Yolk sac ( 3- 8 wks) liver (6 wks to birth) spleen (10wks to 28wks) BM (18 wks to adult)
41
embryonic globins
ζε ( 2 zeta chains and 2 epsilon chains)
42
fetal globins
HbF = α2γ2
43
Adult globins
HbA1 =α2b2
44
Which hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen?
HbF
45
why does HbF have a higher affinity for O2?
due to less avid binding of 2,3 BPG, allowing HbF to extract O2 from maternal hemoglobin (HbA1 and HbA2) across the placenta
46
where do you see blood of a fetus with a PO2 of = 30mmHG and =80% saturation of O2
Umbilican vein
47
which fetal arteries/veins have a low O2 saturation?
Umbilical arteries
48
how many shunts do we see in fetal circulation?
three- ductus venosus,foramen ovale, pda
49
blood entering the fetus thru umbilical vein is conducted via:
the ductus venosus into the ivc, bypassing the hepatic circulation
50
fetus: the ductus venosus bypasses which circulation?
hepatic circulation
51
fetus: most of the highly oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the IVC is directed through the:
foramen ovale and pumped into the aorta to supply the head and body
52
fetus: deoxygenated blood from SVC passes through:
RA->RV->->main pulmonary artery->PDA->descending aorta; this shunt is due to high fetal pulmonary artery resistance (due partly to low O2 tension)
53
what happens at birth when the infant takes a breath?
decrease resistance in pulmonary vasculature--> increase left atrial pressure vs R atrial pressure; foramen ovale closure, and ductus arteriosus
54
what causes the closure of the ductus arteriosus?
increase in oxygen (from breath), and decrease in PG from placental separation
55
what helps close a PDA?
indomethacin
56
what is the remnant of ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum
57
what keeps a PDA open?
PG E1 and E2
58
which duct connects the bladder to the umbilicus in the fetus?
allantoic duct
59
urachus is part of the
allantoic duct it is a fibrous remnant of the allantois
60
what is the post natal derivative of the Allantois->urachus
median umbilical ligament
61
what is the post natal derivative of the ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum
62
what is the post natal derivative of the ductus venosus
ligamentum venosum
63
what is the post natal derivative of the foramen ovale
fossa ovalis
64
what is the post natal derivative of the notochord
nucleus pulposus
65
what is the post natal derivative of the umbilical arteries
medial umbilical ligaments
66
what is the post natal derivative of the umbilical vein
ligamentum teres hepatis
67
the ligament trees hepatis is contained in
falciform ligament

FA CARDIO (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions