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Anatomy II Unit 2 > embryo > Flashcards

embryo Flashcards

1
Q

5 ____ develop as bulging prominences around the ____ during week 4

A

facial primordia; stomodeum

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2
Q

5 different primordia include:

A 
frontonasal prominence (rostral to stomodeum)
maxillary prominences (lateral to stomodeum)
mandibular prominences (caudal to stomodeum)
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3
Q

____ separates the primitive oral cavity from the developing GI tract and disintegrates during the early 5th week

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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4
Q

most facial structures develop during weeks ____ which is during the _____

A

4-8 (2nd month); embryonic period

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5
Q

during fetal period, ___ expands to accompany the growing brain, which causes the eyes to shift ____

A

cranium; anteriorly and medially

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6
Q

during the fetal period, the ____ move superiorly and the ___ becomes more prominent

A

ears; nose

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7
Q

proportions of the facial skeleton become more normal once the _____ grow and once fetus acquires ____

A

maxilla and mandible grow (to allow space for teeth)

paranasal sinuses

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8
Q

at the end of the 4th week, 2 ____ thickenings develop within the frontonasal prominence, called the _____

A

ectodermal; nasal placodes

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9
Q

____ surrounding the placodes proliferates, forming elevations called:

A

mesenchyme

medial and lateral nasal prominences (2 of each)

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10
Q

during the 5th week, epithelium of nasal placodes sinks down into underlying mesenchyme to form depressions called ____, which will become the future ____

A

nasal pits; nostrils (nares)

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11
Q

the nasal pits will deepen and expand dorsally to form ____, which will form the ____

A

nasal sacs; right and left nasal cavities

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12
Q

____ separates nasal cavities from oral cavity; ruptures at the end of week 6

A

oronasal membrane

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13
Q

after rupture of oronasal membrane, nasal and oral cavities are now in communication through ____

A

primordial choanae

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14
Q

development of the ____ establishes the definitive choanae, separating the ____

A

secondary palate ; nasal cavity from nasopharynx

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15
Q

____ gives rise to olfactory epithelium

A

neuroectoderm

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16
Q

____ develop from lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

nasal conchae

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17
Q

____ prominences fuse at the midline first to create a smooth jawline

A

mandibular

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18
Q

maxillary prominences grow in size and move medially, compressing the ____ in the midline, causing them to fuse

A

medial nasal prominences

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19
Q

cleft between lateral nasal prominences and maxillary prominences is the _____; it is lost once the prominences fuse

A

nasolacrimal groove

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20
Q

____ proliferates into underlying ____ and forms a solid rod that separates from the surface and canalizes to become the ____

A

ectoderm; mesenchyme; nasolacrimal duct

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21
Q

superior end of nasolacrimal duct dilates to form ____ and inferior end opens up into _____

A

nasolacrimal sac; inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

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22
Q

medial nasal prominences fuse to form the ____

A

intermaxillary segment

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23
Q

intermaxillary segment consists of:

A
  • philtrum of upper lip (labial component)
  • premaxillary part of maxilla (upper jaw comp); 4 incisors and assoc gingiva
  • primary palate (palatal comp; the primary hard palate is only the most anterior portion of the hard palate)
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24
Q

secondary palate is composed of:

A

remainder of hard palate + soft palate + uvula

25
Q

during week 6, two plates of mesenchyme, _____, extend medially from the maxillary prominences

A

lateral palatine processes

26
Q

palatine processes project ____, then swing upwards to assume ____ position, and fuse with ____, ____, and ____

A

inferomedially ; horizontal; each other, primary palate, and nasal septum

27
Q

____ marks where secondary palate fuses with primary palate and is used to indicate ant and post palatal defects

A

incisive foramen

28
Q

____ marks where lateral palatine processes fused together

A

median palatine raphe

29
Q

____ and ____ will ossify forming the bony hard palate

A

primary palate; anterior portion of secondary palate

30
Q

cleft lip (with or without cleft palate) is an ____ palatal defect caused by failure of :

A

anterior; medial nasal prominences to fuse with maxillary prominences on one or both sides

31
Q

during week 4, the inner ear is the first to develop as a bilateral thickening in ____ at the level of the ____; these bilateral thickenings are called ____

A

surface ectoderm; caudal hindbrain; otic placodes (2)

32
Q

ectoderm invaginates in each placode, forming an ____, the edges of which pinch off to form an ____ that separates from surface ectoderm and will become the ____ for each ear

A

otic pit; otic vesicle; membranous labyrinth

33
Q

____ extends from otic vesicle to form the _____

A

diverticulum; endolymphatic duct and sac

34
Q

2 regions of the otic vesicle

A 
utricular region (dorsal): utricle and semicircular ducts
saccular region (ventral): saccule and cochlear ducts
35
Q

the ____ grows out as an extension from the saccular region and coils to form the _____

A

cochlear duct; membranous cochlea

36
Q

vacuoles develop in cartilage surrounding the cochlear duct and unite to form the ____

A

perilymphatic space

37
Q

2 divisions of the perilymphatic space, both filled with perilymph

A

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

38
Q

cartilage surrounding the cochlear duct ____ to form the ____ encasing the inner ear structures

A

ossifies; bony labyrinth

39
Q

cells in walls of coiled duct form the _____

A

spiral organ of Corti

40
Q

cell bodies of ____ migrate along coils of cochlear duct and form the ____

A

CN VIII; spiral ganglion

41
Q

middle ear cavity is also called ____

A

tympanic cavity

42
Q

malleus and incus are associated with pharyngeal arch ___

A

1

43
Q

stapes is associated with pharyngeal arch ___

A

2

44
Q

_____ is from the first pharyngeal groove or cleft and the ___ is from the first pouch

A

external acoustic meatus; middle ear

45
Q

tympanic membrane is made up of ____

A

ectoderm and endoderm

46
Q

the auricle or pinna of the external ear develops from ______ : mesenchymal proliferations surrounding the _____ (mesenchyme from 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches)

A

6 auricular hillocks; 1st pharyngeal groove

47
Q

auricles develop at level of ____ but will shift to final position which is at ___ level

A

1st pharyngeal groove; eye

48
Q

the lens is derived from the invagination of ____

A

surface ectoderm

49
Q

the outer layer of the optic cup becomes the ____ and the inner layer of the optic cup becomes the ____

A

retinal pigmented epithelium; neural retina

50
Q

rod and cone photoreceptors are adjacent to the ____, in the outermost layer of the retina

A

pigmented epithelium

51
Q

remnant of the ____ in the vitreous body remains in the adult

A

hyaloid artery (called the hyaloid canal)

52
Q

the ____ is incorporated into the ____ in the adult

A

central retinal a. ; optic n.

53
Q

“key hole” appearance of the iris due to failure of the retinal fissure to close during the 7th week

A

coloboma

54
Q

outer layer of the cornea is continuous with _____

A

surface ectoderm

55
Q

the middle layer of the cornea is derived from ____

A

mesoderm

56
Q

migrating mesenchyme from neural crest cells contribute to the ____ and ____

A

iris; cornea

57
Q

the iris forms from ____ which is from _____

A

mesenchyme; migrated neural crest cells

58
Q

the cornea is induced by the ____

A

lens

59
Q

cornea layers

A

outer: ectoderm

middle and inner: mesenchyme (migrated neural crest)

Anatomy II Unit 2 (14 decks)

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