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STEP1 > EMBRYO-ASSO > Flashcards

EMBRYO-ASSO Flashcards

1
Q

painless midline neck mass that moves superiorly with swallowing and tongue protrusion

A
  • thyroglossal duct cyst

* *Failure of regression of thyroglossal duct following thyroid decent

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2
Q

lateral neck masses anterior to the sternocleidomastoid

A
  • Branchial cleft cysts

- failed fusion of the branchial arches

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3
Q

Abnormal development of the third and fourth branchial

A

DiGeorge syndrome

  • chromosome 22
  • cardiac abnormalities, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, and hypocalcemia.
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4
Q

ectopic thyroid tissue

A

tongue

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5
Q

Failure of the first branchial arch neural crest to migrate

A

Treacher Collins syndrome

-convex facial profile, shortened mandible, significant overbite, and conductive hearing loss

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6
Q

Atrophy of caudate nucleus

A

Huntington Disease

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7
Q

Lewy bodies: composed of α-synuclein

A

Parkinson Disease

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8
Q 
Senile plaques (β-amyloid plaques)
Neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated tau protein)
Hirano bodies—intracellular eosinophilic proteinaceous rods in hippocampus
A

Alzheimer Disease

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9
Q
  • Frontotemporal lobe degeneration

- Inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau (round Pick bodies) or ubiquitinated TDP-43

A

Frontotemporal

Dementia (Pick Disease)

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10
Q

Intracellular Lewy bodies primarily in cortex

A

Lewy Body Dementia

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11
Q

Spongiform cortex (vacuolization without inflammation)

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

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12
Q

A inflamed tubular structure was visualized emanating from the distal ileum.

A

Meckel Diverticulum
-remanente del ducto onfalomensenterico
que conectaba en primitive gut con el yolk sac.

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13
Q

Px con low penis development

A

underdeveloped Genital tubercle

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14
Q

Genital tubercle (Male) Homologs:

A
  • Corpus cavernosum
  • Corpus spongiosum
  • Glans penis
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15
Q

Genital tubercle (Female) Homologs:

A
  • Glans clitoris

- Vestibular bulbs

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16
Q

Labioscrotal swelling (Male):

A

Scrotum

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17
Q

Labioscrotal swelling (Female):

A

Labia majora

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18
Q

Urogenital sinus (Male)

A
  • Cowper gland

- Prostate

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19
Q

Urogenital sinus (Female)

A
  • Bartholin gland

- Skene gland

20
Q

Urogenital fold (male)

A

-Penile urethra

21
Q

Urogenital fold (female)

A

Labia minora

22
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 1)

Female

A

Age < 8 years

Flat chest.Raised nipple

23
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 1)

Male

A

No sexual hair

24
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 2)

Male

A

~ 8-11.5 years
Pubarche
Testicular enlargement

25
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 2)

Female

A

~ 8-11.5 years
Pubarche
Thelarche

26
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 3)

Female

A

~ 11.5-13 years
Breast enlarge
Mound forms
Coarsening of pubic hair

27
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 3)

Male

A

Coarsening of pubic hair

Penis size/length ↑

28
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 4)

Male

A

Coarse hair across pubis
Spares thighs
Penis width/glans ↑

29
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 4)

Female

A 
~ 13-15 years
Breasts enlarge
Mound on mound
Raised areola
Coarse hair across pubis
Spares thighs
30
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 5)

Female

A 
>15 years
Adult breast contour
Areola flattens
Coarse hair across pubis
Includes thighs
31
Q

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 5)

male

A

Adult size penis and testis
Coarse hair across pubis
Includes thighs

32
Q

1st branchial arch gives rise to

A

V3

V2

33
Q

2nd branchial arch gives rise to

A

Facial Nerve

34
Q

3rd branchial arch gives rise to

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

35
Q

6th branchial arch gives rise to

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)

36
Q

4th branchial arch gives rise to

A

the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve, which is important for swallowing

37
Q

During normal fetal development, the chorion and amnion are formed

A

4 day chorion and amnion is formed by day 8.

38
Q

Early Fetal Development

Week 1

A

hCG secretion begins

Implantation of blastocyst

39
Q

Early Fetal Development

Week 2

A

-Bilaminar disc
Epiblast
Hypoblast

40
Q

Early Fetal Development

Week 3

A 
-Epiblast invaginate
Primitive streak
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
-Gastrulation
Trilaminar disc
-Notochord arises
Midline mesoderm
Overlying ectoderm forms neural plate
41
Q

Early Fetal Development

Week 4

A

Heart begins to beat

Limb buds begin to form

42
Q

Early Fetal Development

Week 6

A

Fetal cardiac activity visible on transvaginal ultrasoun

43
Q

Early Fetal Development

Week 8

A

Fetal movements begin

44
Q

Early Fetal Development

Week 10

A

Genitalia characteristics begin to form

45
Q

Ureteric bud fails to induce differentiation of the mesenteric mesenchyme that results in a nonfunctional kidney containing cysts and connective tissue

A

Multicystic Dysplastic

Kidney

46
Q

Complete absence of one kidney and ureter when the ureteric bud fails to develop

A

Unilateral Renal Agenesis

STEP1 (19 decks)

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