Embryo - Development of the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

This part of the skull is developed from neural crest cells

Answer 1

Viscerocranium

Question 2

This part of the skull is developed from paraxial mesoderm

Answer 2

Neurocranium

Question 3

The bones of the face are derived from this

Answer 3

Neural crest cells

Question 4

The bones encasing the brain are derived from these

Answer 4

Paraxial mesoderm & neural crest cells

Question 5

The viscerocranium is formed by this type of ossification

Answer 5

Intramembraneous

Question 6

The neurocranium is formed by these types of ossification

Answer 6

Intramembraneous and Endochondral

Question 7

The chondrocranium includes these areas of the brain

Answer 7

Sphenoid

Petrous portion of the temporal bone

Question 8

The chondrocranium is formed by this type of ossification

Answer 8

Endochondral

Question 9

Enlarged membraneous spaces where more than one bones meet in infants

Answer 9

Fontanelles

Question 10

Premature closure of the sutures in infants

Answer 10

Craniosynostosis

Question 11

Premature closure of the saggital suture

Answer 11

Scaphocephaly

Question 12

Premature closure of the coronal suture

Answer 12

Brachycephaly

Question 13

Most of the axial skeleton is formed from this

Answer 13

Paraxial mesoderm

Question 14

Each sclerotome segment of the vertebrae has these 2 portions

Answer 14

Dense caudal portion

Less dense caudial portion

Question 15

The dense caudal portiono the vertebrae forms this

Answer 15

Annulus fibrosis of intervertebral discs

Question 16

These fuse together to get one vertebrae

Answer 16

Less dense portion (top)
Dense portion (bottom)

Question 17

This degenerates to form the Nucleus pulposus

Answer 17

Notochord

Question 18

These grow out as lateral extensions of the costal processes of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 18

Ribs

Question 19

This forms where costal processes meet the vertebrae

Answer 19

Synovial joints

Question 20

The sternum is induced to form by ribs at the ventral midline from this

Answer 20

Lateral plate somatic mesoderm

Question 21

Occipital somites form a portion of this

Answer 21

Neurocranium

Question 22

The appendicular skeleton differentiates from mesenchyme from here

Answer 22

Lateral Plate Somatic mesoderm

Question 23

Disturbance of endochondral ossification durng fetal life at the epiphyseal cartilage plates, makeing them shorter than usual

Answer 23

Acondroplasia

Question 24

Skeletal muscle is derived from this

Answer 24

Paraxial mesoderm

Question 25

Cardiac muscle is derived from this

Answer 25

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

Question 26

Smooth muscle is dervided from this

Answer 26

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

Question 27

Type of somite that gives rise to skeletal muscle

Answer 27

Myotome

Question 28

Specialized mesoderm cells that fuse together to form skeletal muscle

Answer 28

Myoblasts

Question 29

Several myoblasts use together to form this

Answer 29

Myotube

Question 30

Myotubes mature into this

Answer 30

Skeletal muscle fiber

Question 31

Progenitor cells for muscle tissue is derived from these

Answer 31

Ventrolateral and dorsomedial lips of the dermamyotome

Question 32

This seperates paraxial mesoderm from lateral plate somatic mesoderm

Answer 32

Lateral somatic frontier

Question 33

This surrounds the neural tube and contans only somite derived cells

Answer 33

Primaxial domain

Question 34

Primaxial domain contains only these type of cells

Answer 34

Somite derived

Question 35

Parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm with somite derived cells

Answer 35

Abaxial domain

Question 36

The Primaxial domain gives rise to these areas

Answer 36

Musculature off the back Shoulder girdle muscles Intercostal muscles

Question 37

The abaxial domain gives rise to these areas

Answer 37

Inrahyoid muscle Pectoralis muscles Abdominal wall muscles Limb muscles

Question 38

Where are back muscles derived from

Answer 38

Primaxial domain

Question 39

Where are the shoulder girdle muscles derived from

Answer 39

Primaxial domain

Question 40

Where are the intercostal muscles derived from

Answer 40

Primaxial domain

Question 41

Where are pectoralis muscles derived from

Answer 41

Abaxial domain

Question 42

Where are limb muscles derived from

Answer 42

Abaxial domain

Question 43

Each myotome divides into these two groups

Answer 43

Epaxial and hypaxial groups

Question 44

Each spinal nerve divides into these

Answer 44

Dorsal primary ramus | Ventral primary ramus

Question 45

Epaxial muscles give rise to these muscles

Answer 45

Back muscles

Question 46

The epaxial muscled are innervated by this spinal nerve division

Answer 46

Dorsal prmary rami

Question 47

The hypaxial muscles give rise to these muscles

Answer 47

Muscles of the limbs and body walls

Question 48

The hypaxial muscles are innervated by this spinal nerve division

Answer 48

Ventral primary rami

Question 49

The sphincter pupillae muscle and dilator pupillae muscle of the iris is derived from this

Answer 49

Neuroectoderm

Question 50

Myopeithelial cells of mammary, sweat and salivary glands are derived from this

Answer 50

Surface ectoderm

Question 51

These limbs appear first in embryonic development

Answer 51

Upper

Question 52

This is a core of mesenchyme lined by surface ectoderm

Answer 52

Limb bud

Question 53

This forms the connective tissue of the limb

Answer 53

Mesenchyme (Lateral plate mesoderm)

Question 54

This sends signaling factors to nearby mesenchyme progress zone to keep cells undifferentiated and rapidly dividing to orm more limb tissue

Answer 54

Apical ectodermal ridge

Question 55

How do the upper limbs rotate during development?

Answer 55

Laterally by 90 degrees

Question 56

How do the lower limbs rotate during development?

Answer 56

Medially by 90 degrees

Question 57

Digits of the limbs are formed by this

Answer 57

Apoptosis of cells in the apical ectodermal ridge

Question 58

Absence of part of a limb

Answer 58

Meromelia

Question 59

Absence of entire limb

Answer 59

Amelia

Question 60

Extra digits

Answer 60

Polydactyly

Question 61

Fewer digits

Answer 61

Syndactyly