Embryo urinary tract

Question 1

urinary tract derived from which part of mesoderm?

Answer 1

intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

3 sets of embryonic kidneys

Answer 2

1. pronephros
2. mesonephros
3. metanephros

Question 3

pronephros

Answer 3

week 4
cervical region
transitory, nonfunctional

Question 4

metanephros

Answer 4

late week 4
temporary function
includes nephrotomes, mesonephric ducts and tubules

Question 5

metanephros

Answer 5

5th week
by 12th week, most of amniotic fluid is urine
permanent kidney

Question 6

derivatives of ureteric bud

Answer 6

ureters, renal pelvis

Question 7

derivatives of mesonephric duct

Answer 7

collecting tubules, calices

Question 8

urogenital ridge forms 2 things

Answer 8

1. nephrogenic cord

2. gonadal ridge

Question 9

metanephric mesoderm (aka blastema) derived from

Answer 9

caudal part of nephrogenic cord

Question 10

derivative of metanephric mesoderm (aka blastema)

Answer 10

nephron- renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted

Question 11

ureteric bud and metanephric buds undergo what kind of induction?

Answer 11

reciprocal induction

Question 12

difference in fetal kidney appearance

Answer 12

they are lobulated

Question 13

positional change of kidneys

Answer 13

initially in pelvis, but appear to ascend as caudal portion of embryo grows to the lumbar region

Question 14

rotation of kidneys

Answer 14

rotate 90 degrees medially

Question 15

blood supply of kidneys changes with ‘ascent’

Answer 15

common iliac –> renal a. off abdominal aorta

Question 16

what divides the cloacal membrane? and what does it form in contact with the cloacal membrane?

Answer 16

urorectal septum

forms the perineal body

Question 17

ventral and dorsal divisions of cloaca?

Answer 17

ventral- urogenital sinus- mostly bladder

dorsal- rectum

Question 18

urogenital sinus derivatives

Answer 18

vesicle- bladder
pelvic- urethra
phallic- grows towards genital tubercle

Question 19

2 germ layers that contribute to bladder?

Answer 19

endoderm = epithelium

splanchnic mesoderm = smooth muscle

Question 20

trigone region?

Answer 20

where the ureters and urethra connect to the bladder and form a triangle

Question 21

continuous of bladder with allantois remains in adult as

Answer 21

the urachus –> median umbilical ligament

Question 22

positional change of bladder from infants to adults

Answer 22

from abdomen in kids to pelvis in adults

Question 23

urethra derived from which germ layers?

Answer 23

endoderm of urogenital sinus (epithelium) 
splanchnic mesoderm (CT and smooth m.)

distal part of urethra in male derived from glandular plate which is epithelium

Question 24

adrenal glands (not part of urinary system but described bc of their relation to kidney) derived from which germ layers?

Answer 24

mesoderm - cortex

neural crest cells (ectoderm)- medulla

Question 25

layers of the adrenal medulla from superficial to deep

Answer 25

1. zona glomerulosa 2. zona fasciculata 3. zona reticularis

Question 26

what do the layers of the adrenal medulla produce?

Answer 26

hormones that regulate: 1. zona g- salt 2. zona f- sugar 3. zona r- sex the deeper you go the better it gets

Question 27

size relationship of fetal adrenal glands to fetal kidneys

Answer 27

adrenal glands > kidneys

Question 28

size relationship of fetal adrenal glands to adult adrenal glands

Answer 28

fetal > adult adrenals

Question 29

renal agenesis

Answer 29

no kidney, no amniotic fluid, no muscle or lung development characteristics called potter's sequence

Question 30

when connection between endoderm of urethra and epithelium of glandular plate is not established

Answer 30

tissue is not obliterated- urine cannot exit body --> no amniotic fluid because urine trapped inside body can see bladder > head in ultrasound lethal but can try to shunt urine from bladder to amniotic cavity

Question 31

adult derivatives of the cloaca

Answer 31

rectum, anus, urethra, bladder, distal part of vagina

Question 32

fate of the allantois?

Answer 32

connection between yolk sac and hindgut | becomes urachus aka median umbilical ligament