Embryology

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the mesoderm ?

Answer 1

Lateral plates
Intermediate
Paraxial

Question 2

What does the paraxial mesoderm differentiate into ?

Answer 2

Somites which then form skeletal muscle, vertebrae and cartilage

Question 3

What does paraxial mesoderm differentiate into ?

Answer 3

Gonads and kidneys

Question 4

What are the 2 differentiations of the lateral plate mesoderm ?

Answer 4

Splanchnic and somatic

Question 5

What derive from the ectoderm ?

Answer 5

Epidermis

Nerve tissue

Question 6

What derives from the endoderm ?

Answer 6

Epithelia of the GI

Question 7

In which layer of the trilaminar disc does the amniotic cavity sit in ?

Answer 7

Ectoderm

Question 8

In which layer of the trilaminar disc does the yolk sac sit in ?

Answer 8

The endoderm

Question 9

What structures are considered to be in the foregut ?

Answer 9

Oesophagus - second part of duodenum where the bile duct joins

Question 10

What structures are considered to be in the midgut ?

Answer 10

Duodenum - distal 2/3 transverse colon

Question 11

What structures are considered to be in the hindgut ?

Answer 11

Distal 2/3 transverse colon - upper anal canal

Question 12

What is the connection between the yolk sac and the midgut called ?

Answer 12

The vitalline duct

Question 13

What may occur if the vitalline duct remains ?

Answer 13

Meckel’s diverticulum- outpouching of small intestine

Connection between the midgut and umbilicus which can allow faecal material to exit the umbilicus

Question 14

In what week does the cranial-caudal folding occur ?

Answer 14

4th

Question 15

What is the name of the combination of endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm ?

Answer 15

Splanchnopleuric mesoderm

Question 16

What is the name of the combination of ectoderm and somatic mesoderm ?

Answer 16

Somatopleuric mesoderm

Question 17

What is the name of the space between the splanchnopleuric mesoderm and somatopleurc mesoderm called ?

Answer 17

Intraembryonic coelom

Question 18

What is the peritoneum derived from ?

Answer 18

Lateral plate mesoderm

Question 19

How does the mouth form ?

Answer 19

The buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures in the 4th week

Question 20

How does the anus form ?

Answer 20

The cloacal membrane ruptures around the 7th week

Question 21

What artery supplies the foregut ?

Answer 21

Coeliac artery

Question 22

What artery supplies the midgut ?

Answer 22

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 23

What artery supplies the hindgut ?

Answer 23

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 24

What does the lower respiratory tract derive from ?

Answer 24

Foregut

Question 25

What does the bile duct derive from ?

Answer 25

Foregut

Question 26

What does the pancreas derive from ?

Answer 26

Foregut

Question 27

What does the liver derive from ?

Answer 27

Foregut

Question 28

What does the caecum derive from ?

Answer 28

Midgut

Question 29

What does the cloaca derive from ?

Answer 29

The hindgut

Question 30

What happens to the endoderm in the 5th week ?

Answer 30

It rapidly proliferates and occluded the lumen. It then recanalises in the 9th week however if this isn’t successful there will be massive abnormalities

Question 31

In the foregut there is a lung bud how dies this divide into the oesophagus and trachea

Answer 31

The tracheoesophageal septum cleaves off the 2 forming the trachea anteriorly and the oesophagus posteriorly

Question 32

If the tracheoesophageal septum is defective what can form ?

Answer 32

Blind end oesophagus | Tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 33

How does the stomach rotate ?

Answer 33

Rotates 90 degrees

Question 34

Which section of the gut has a dorsal and ventral mesentery ?

Answer 34

Foregut

Question 35

Which mesentery does the liver develop in ?

Answer 35

Ventral

Question 36

Which mesentery does the spleen develop in ?

Answer 36

Dorsal

Question 37

Where does the lesser sac lie ?

Answer 37

Behind the stomach

Question 38

Where does the greater sac lie ?

Answer 38

Anterior to the stomach

Question 39

What is the connection between the greater and lesser sac called?

Answer 39

Foramen of Winslow

Question 40

What does the right vagal nerve form ?

Answer 40

Posterior vagal trunk

Question 41

What does the left vagal nerve form ?

Answer 41

The anterior vagal trunk

Question 42

What does the falciform ligament attach to ?

Answer 42

Anterior wall of the abdomen to the liver

Question 43

What does the lesser omentum attach to ?

Answer 43

Liver and stomach

Question 44

What does the gastro - splenic ligament attach to ?

Answer 44

Stomach and the spleen

Question 45

What does the splenomegaly-renal ligament attach to ?

Answer 45

Spleen and kidney