EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the types of mesoderm?
the axial mesoderm, the paraxial mesoderm, the intermediate mesoderm and the lateral plate mesoderm
what does the paraxial mesoderm give rise to?
notochord
what does the paraxial mesoderm give rise to?
somitomeres, which give rise to mesenchyme of the head, sclerotomes, and dermatomes
what does intermediate mesoderm give rise to?
connects the paraxial mesoderm with the lateral plate, eventually it differentiates into urogenital structures (kidneys, gonads, their associated ducts, and the adrenal glands)
what does lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?
heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system as well as to the mesodermal components of the limbs.
where are the brain and spinal cord derived from?
ectoderm - neural tube and neural crest
what are the 3 primary brain vesicles?
prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
what are the 5 secondary brain vesicles?
telencephalon diencepahlon mesencephalon metencephalon myelencephalon
what does the telencephalon give rise to?
cerebrum and lateral ventricles
what does the diencephalon give rise to?
thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland.
what does the mesencephalon give rise to?
midbrain
what does mesencephalon give rise to?
pons and cerebellum
what does the myelencephalon give rise to?
medullar oblongata
what are the 6 regions of the primitive heart tube?
Aortic roots (Arterial poles) Truncus arteriosus Bulbus cordis Ventricle Atrium Sinus venosus (Venous poles)
on what day does the heart begin looping? describe this
23
bulbus cordis moves ventrally, caudally, and to the right and the primitive ventricle moves dorsally, cranially and to the left
whats the derivative of the 1st aortic arch?
part of maxillary artery
whats the derivatives of the 2nd aortic arch?
stapedial artery and hyoid artery
whats the derivative of the 3rd aortic arch?
common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery
whats the derivative of the 4th aortic arch?
left becomes part of aortic arch
right becomes part of right subclavius
whats the derivative of the 6th aortic arch?
proximal part of pulmonary arteries
left only becomes ductus arteriosus
what does the 7th segmental aortic artery become?
left subclavian and part of right subclavian (along with 4th aortic arch)
which aortic arteries regress?
1st (but remnant forms portion of maxillary artery)
2ns (but remnant forms portions of the hyoid and stapedial arteries)
