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Cardiovascular Block KSAUHS > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the Cardiogenic Plate located at in the 3rd week

A

at the cranial part of
the trilaminar disc

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2
Q

What is the sequence of forming heart chambers

A

Primitive Blood Vessels → Two
Endocardial Tubes → Single
Endocardial Tube = Primitive Heart
Tube → Cardiac Loop → 4 Primordial
Heart Chambers

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3
Q

At the end of which week the fetal heart forms

A

By the end of the 8th week

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4
Q

Cardiac progenitor cells begin to form

A

in the middle of the 3rd week in the epiblast layer,
lateral to the primitive streak

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5
Q

These cells migrate through the primitive streak to an area that is rostral to the
buccopharyngeal membrane in the

A

splanchnic mesoderm.

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6
Q

The underlying endoderm induces these cells to differentiate into:

A
  1. Blood Islands: consists of precursor blood cells and angioblasts
  2. Myoblasts: will develop into the myocardium
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7
Q

the cardiogenic plate consists of two laterally placed endocardial tubes
surrounded by myoblasts and is
thus referred to as the

A

primordium of the heart

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8
Q

As the neural tube grows and closes, the primordium of the heart will shift
position from

A

rostral to the buccopharyngeal membrane to the thoracic region

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9
Q

The two endocardial tubes fuse to form the

A

primitive heat tube

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10
Q

As the primitive heart tube is forming, angiogenic cells appear on both sides,
close to the midline and will develop into the

A

paired dorsal aortae

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11
Q

At their cephalic end, the paired dorsal aortae bend around the developing
embryo and are attached to the cephalic end of the primitive heart tube
forming the

A

aortic arches

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12
Q

How many pairs of aortic arches will develop sequentially

A

6

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13
Q

The primitive heart tube shifts its
position into the pericardial cavity
which is formed by the

A

intraembryonic cavity

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14
Q

The primitive heart tube is held in
position by the

A

dorsal mesocardium

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15
Q

dorsal mesocardium which will disappear leaving a space
called the

A

transverse pericardial sinus

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16
Q

The myocardium thickens and
secretes an extracellular matrix called
the

A

cardiac jelly

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17
Q

the primitive heart tube has
three layers:

A
  1. Endocardium: the innermost lining
    of the heart
  2. Myocardium: the middle layer,
    which contains muscle cells
  3. Epicardium: the outer lining (or
    visceral pericardium)
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18
Q

The primitive heart tube
consists of 4 subdivisions.
From caudal to cranial the
subdivisions are:

A
  1. Sinus Venosus
  2. Primitive Atrium
  3. Primitive Ventricle
  4. Bulbus Cordis
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19
Q

Sinus Venosus: paired structures which receives three sets of veins:

A
  1. Umbilical Veins: from the placenta
  2. Vitelline Veins: from the yolk sac
  3. Cardinal Veins: from the body of embryo
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20
Q

Primitive Atrium:

A

a single structure continuous with the sinus venosus

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21
Q

Primitive Ventricle:

A

will become the left ventricle
- That part of the endocardial tube between the atrium and ventricle is the
atrioventricular canal

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22
Q

Bulbus Cordis: 1. Caudal 1/3:

A

will become the trabeculated part of the right ventricle

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23
Q

Bulbus Cordis: Middle 1/3:

A

will become the conus cordis which will form the outflow tracts of
both ventricles

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24
Q

Bulbus Cordis: Cranial 1/3:

A

will become the truncus arteriosus, which is continuous with the
aortic arches and will form the roots and first part of the:
a. Aorta
b. Pulmonary trunk

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25
The first heartbeat occurs at
22 days
26
The first heartbeat originates in the
myocardium, forming peristalsis-like waves beginning in the sinus venosus.
27
By the end of week ___ coordinated contractions of the heart results in unidirectional blood flow:
4
28
What is the route of blood at the end of week 4
Blood enters the sinus venous (from the vitelline, cardinal and umbilical veins) → the primitive atrium → the primitive ventricle → the bulbus cordis → the aortic sac → the aortic arches → the dorsal aortae for distributions to the embryo, yolk sac and placenta
29
As the primitive heart elongates and grows rapidly, bends and forms the
cardiac loop,
30
cardiac loop is finished by day
28
31
The cranial end grows
ventrally and to the right
32
The caudal end grows
dorsally and to the left
33
Sinus Vensous Derivatives Left Horn →
the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium.
34
Sinus Vensous Derivatives Right Horn →
the smooth part of the right atrium (sinus venarum)
35
The muscular part of the right atrium (the auricle) is derived from
the primitive atrium
36
Sinus Vensous Derivatives The opening between the sinus venosus and right atrium, called the sinoatrial orifice, develops into:
Right and left venous valve
37
Right venous valve →
Valve of inferior vena cava & Valve of coronary sinus
38
Left venous valve:
becomes part of the septum secundum
39
The venous valves fuse dorsocranially and form ridge called
the septum spurium.
40
The primitive atrium on left side sprouts a pulmonary vein, which branches and:
a. Grows towards the developing lungs b. The trunk of the pulmonary vein is incorporated into atrium and will become the smooth wall of the left atrium while the portion derived from the left side of the primitive atrium retains a trabeculated appearance as the left auricle.
41
The trunk of the pulmonary vein is incorporated into atrium and will become the ____________________ while the portion derived from the left side of the primitive atrium retains a trabeculated appearance as _________
smooth wall of the left atrium left auricle.
42
why is a continuous communication between left and right sides is maintained to:
1. Permit blood to flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium 2. Bypass the nonfunctioning lungs
43
Septation of the heart include:
A. Formation of the atrioventricular canal B. Septation of the atrium C. Separation of the Ventricles D. Formation of the outflow tracts
44
which week does this happen: they approach each other and fuse, dividing the atrioventricular canal into right and left canals
5
45
The Septum ______ ‐ Grows toward the endocardial cushions ‐ Leaving a large temporary opening: the ostium _____ ‐ Fuses with the endocardial cushions: closing the ostium ______ ‐ The upper part of the septum undergo cell death: the ostium ______
The Septum( Primum) ‐ Grows toward the endocardial cushions ‐ Leaving a large temporary opening: the ostium (primum) ‐ Fuses with the endocardial cushions: closing the ostium (primum) ‐ The upper part of the septum undergo cell death: the ostium (secundum)
46
The Septum Secundum ‐ Appears on the _____ of the septum primum ‐ Grows downward to cover the foramen ______ ‐ Does NOT fuse with the endocardial cushions: foramen ______
The Septum Secundum ‐ Appears on the right of the septum primum ‐ Grows downward to cover the foramen secundum ‐ Does NOT fuse with the endocardial cushions: foramen ovale
47
Foramen Ovale ‐ Permits blood flow from ____ atrium to ___ atrium ‐ Opposite flow is prevented by the flap valve (_______) ‐ After birth, ↑ pressure in the ____ atrium increases causing → closing the foamen ____ = solid wall separating the right and left atria ‐ The site of the foramen ovale becomes the _____
Foramen Ovale ‐ Permits blood flow from Rt atrium to Lf atrium ‐ Opposite flow is prevented by the flap valve (septum primum) ‐ After birth, ↑ pressure in the left atrium increases causing → closing the foamen ovale = solid wall separating the right and left atria ‐ The site of the foramen ovale becomes the fossa ovalis
48
interventricular septum: Consists of two components: 1. A ____ part: endocardial tissue 2. A _____ part: muscular tissue
Consists of two components: 1. A membranous part: endocardial tissue 2. A muscular part: muscular tissue
49
After closure: ‐ The right ventricle communicates with ______ ‐ The left ventricle with the ____
After closure: ‐ The right ventricle communicates with pulmonary trunk ‐ The left ventricle with the aorta
50
Formation of the Outflow Tracts Partitioned by _________ into pulmonary and aortic trunks:
Partitioned by endocardial cushion into pulmonary and aortic trunks:
51
What contribute in septum
Neural crest cells
52
the membranous part of the interventricular septum
The caudal ends
53
The cranial ends →
the semilunar valves
54
In the middle of _____, blood islands (mesoderm origin)are found in the following areas: 1. Body of the embryo 2. Chorion 3. Connecting stalk
week 3
55
Within each blood island the peripherally located cells flatten and give rise to the
endothelial cells: the walls of arteries and veins
56
what circulation develops in the wall of the yolk sac
Vitelline circulation:
57
What circulation: gives rise to umbilical vessels delivering blood to and from the placenta
Chorionic circulation:
58
what circulation: circulates blood through the body of the developing embryo
Intra-embryonic circulation:
59
Six pairs of aortic arch arteries:
1. 1 ST pair → maxillary arteries 2. 2 nd pair → the hyoid and stapedial arteries 3. 3 rd pair→ the common carotids and roots of internal carotids 4. 4 th pair → contributes to subclavian and left to arch of aorta 5. 5 th pair → completely disappears. 6. 6 th pair→ the proximal part of the pulmonary arteries. The left 6 th arch also forms the ductus arteriosus
60
Fate of the paired dorsal aortae,
the descending aorta (the suprarenal gland, the gonads, and the kidneys)
61
Fate of the vitelline artery
Vitelline arteries → form arteries in the dorsal mesentery that supply the gut (the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries)
62
fate of the umbilical arteries
Umbilical arteries → the internal iliac arteries and medial umbilical ligaments
63
paired veins drain into the heart at ___ weeks:
4
64
The right vitelline vein develops into the
hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava, the portal vein and the superior mesenteric vein
65
The left vitelline vein
disappears
66
which veins Bring oxygenated blood from placenta
Umbilical veins:
67
The right umbilical vein
disappears
68
The left umbilical vein
connects the placenta to the inferior vena cava via the ductus venosus
69
what veins Drain the head and neck and body wall of the embryo
Common cardinal veins:
70
Anterior cardinal veins: The cranial portion →
cerebral veins, intracranial dural sinuses and internal jugular veins
71
Anterior cardinal veins: The cervical portions →
the left and right brachiocephalic veins
72
The right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein →
the superior vena cave
73
Posterior cardinal veins:
Drain the lower body
74
Subcardinal veins:
‐ Drain the kidneys, gonads and suprarenal glands ‐ The right subcardinal vein → the renal segment (between liver and kidney) of the inferior vena cava
75
Supracardinal veins:
‐ Appear lateral to sympathetic trunk ‐ In thoracic region→ azygos and hemiazygos veins ‐ In pelvic region → the pelvic segment (below kidneys) of inferior vena cava.
76
Sacrocardinal veins →
lower part of inferior vena cava and continue as common iliac veins
77
The inferior vena cava develops from:
1. Right vitelline vein 2. Right subcardinal vein 3. Supracardinal veins 4. Sacrocardinal vein
78
Fetal Circulation
Oxygenated blood from the placenta: umbilical vein → ductus venosum → inferior vena cava → the right atrium (mixing deoxygenated and oxygenated blood):
79
Most oxygenated blood →
Most oxygenated blood → the foramen ovale → the left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → the fetal body
80
Most deoxygenated blood →
Most deoxygenated blood → the right ventricle → the pulmonary trunk → the ductus arteriosus → aorta (bypassing the non- functioning lungs)
81
Blood is returned to the placenta for oxygenation via
the umbilical arteries
82
The ductus venosus →
the ligamentum venosum.
83
The umbilical arteries →
the medial umbilical ligaments.
84
The umbilical vein →
the ligamentum teres hepatis.
85
The ductus arteriosus →
the ligamentum arteriosum → increased pressure in the left atrium → closes the foramen ovale

Cardiovascular Block KSAUHS (2 decks)

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