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Renal I > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What germ layer gives rise to the urogenital systems?

A

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to urogenital ridge

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the urogenital ridge?

A

Nephrogenic cord
Genital ridge

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3
Q

What are the three sets of kidneys that develop in a cascade?

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

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4
Q

When does the pronephros develop and then subsequently degrade?

A

Develops in the beginning of wk 4 and is degraded by the end of it

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5
Q

What is the time frame of the mesonephros?

A

Wks 4-8

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6
Q

What develops from the cervical and upper thoracic part of the nephrogenic cord?

A

Pronephros

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7
Q

What part of the pronephros persists and what does it become?

A

Pronephric duct grows caudally and becomes mesonephric duct

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8
Q

What is another name of the mesonephric duct?

A

Wolffian duct

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9
Q

What develops from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar part of the nephrogenic cord?

A

Mesonephric kidney

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10
Q

What are the parts of the mesonephric kidney?

A

70-80 mesonephric tubules
Mesonephric duct
Glomerulus

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11
Q

What is the fate of the mesonephric tubules?

A

Males –> efferent ductules of testis
Females - epoophoron and paroophoron in broad ligament of uterus

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12
Q

What is the fate of the mesonephric duct?

A

Males: collecting system of kidney, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal gland

Females: collecting system of kidney, gartner duct

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13
Q

When does the metanephros begin to develop?

A

Wk 5

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14
Q

What develops from the lumbosacral part of the nephrogenic tube?

A

Metanephros

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15
Q

What are the two main parts of the metanephros?

A

Metanephric blastema
Ureteric bud

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16
Q

What develops from the metanephric blastema?

A

Excretory parts

Bowman’s capsule
PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT

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17
Q

What develops from the ureteric bud?

A

Collecting parts

Collecting duct
Minor and major calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter

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18
Q

How does the collecting part develop?

A

Subsequent branching from renal pelvis

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19
Q

How does the collecting part develop?

A

Subsequent branching from renal pelvis

First branches - major calyces
2nd-4th branches - minor calyces
5th+ - collecting tubules

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20
Q

What are the precursors of nephrons?

A

Renal vesicls

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21
Q

When does tubular function in the metanephros begin?

22
Q

When does reabsorption of filtrate begin in the loop of Henle begin?

23
Q

What mainly contributes to the increase in kidney size after birth?

Study These Flashcards
A

Elongation of PCT
Increase interstitial tissue

24
Q

What is the branching of the ureteric bud dependent on?

Study These Flashcards
A

Induction by the metanephric mesenchyme

25
What does differentiation of the nephrons depend on?
Induction by the collecting tubules
26
What is needed for reciprocal induction?
WT1 - transcription factor Makes the metanephric mesoderm competent to respond
27
What contributes to the ascent of the kidneys?
Diminution of the fetal curvature Growth of body wall caudal to developing kidney
28
When do kidneys reach their adult position?
Wk 9
29
What is the normal rotation of the kidneys during development?
Hilum starts of ventrally Kidneys rotate medially as they ascend Hilum then faces anteromedially
30
What causes Potter sequence?
Prolonged period of oligohydramnios causing fetal compression
31
What are the physical abnormalities associated with Potter sequence?
Flattened nose Low-set ears Recessed chin Limb deformities
32
What causes multicystic dysplastic kidney?
Ureteric bud does not develop so their is fluid buildup in the kidneys leading to numerous renal cysts Non-inheritable genetic abnormality
33
What prevents the normal ascent in horseshoe kidney?
Inferior mesenteric A
34
What is a complication of accessory renal A?
Can obstruct ureter
35
What results in duplications of abdominal part of ureter and renal pelvis?
Abnormal division of the ureteric bud
36
What is an ectopic ureter?
Duplicated ureter that does not join distally and instead enters the bladder in a separate location
37
What are the divisions of cloaca?
Urogenital sinus Primitive rectum
38
What divides the cloaca?
Urorectal septum
39
What are the divisions of the urogenital sinus?
Vesicourethral canal Definitive urogenital sinus
40
What germ layer gives rise to the mucosa of the bladder?
Endoderm
41
What develops into the mucosa of the trigone within the bladder?
Absorption of the mesonephric ducts - mesoderm
42
What gives rise to the musculature of the bladder?
Splanchnopleuric layer of lateral plate mesoderm
43
What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic part Membranous part Spongy part
44
What gives rise to the prostatic urethra above the ejaculatory duct?
Ventral wall from endoderm of vesicourethral canal Dorsal wall from mesonephric ducts - mesoderm
45
What gives rise to the prostatic urethra below the ejaculatory duct?
Endoderm of the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus
46
What gives rise to the membranous urethra?
Endoderm of pelvic segment of urogenital sinus
47
What gives rise to the spongy urethra?
Endoderm of phallic segment of urogenital sinus
48
What gives rise to the small part of the urethra within the glans penis?
Ectodermal groove
49
What gives rise to the entire urethra in females?
From the vesico-urethral part of endodermal cloaca
50
What can cause posterior urethral valve?
Oligohydramnios Erroneous integration of mesonephric ducts
51
What are signs of a posterior urethral valve?
Hydronephrosis Hypertrophy of bladder Vesicoureteral reflux Infections

Renal I (5 decks)

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