Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal I > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What germ layer gives rise to the urogenital systems?

A

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two divisions of the urogenital ridge?

A

Nephrogenic cord
Genital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three sets of kidneys that develop in a cascade?

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does the pronephros develop and then subsequently degrade?

A

Develops in the beginning of wk 4 and is degraded by the end of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the time frame of the mesonephros?

A

Wks 4-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What develops from the cervical and upper thoracic part of the nephrogenic cord?

A

Pronephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What part of the pronephros persists and what does it become?

A

Pronephric duct grows caudally and becomes mesonephric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another name of the mesonephric duct?

A

Wolffian duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What develops from the lower thoracic and upper lumbar part of the nephrogenic cord?

A

Mesonephric kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the parts of the mesonephric kidney?

A

70-80 mesonephric tubules
Mesonephric duct
Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the fate of the mesonephric tubules?

A

Males –> efferent ductules of testis
Females - epoophoron and paroophoron in broad ligament of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the fate of the mesonephric duct?

A

Males: collecting system of kidney, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal gland

Females: collecting system of kidney, gartner duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does the metanephros begin to develop?

A

Wk 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What develops from the lumbosacral part of the nephrogenic tube?

A

Metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two main parts of the metanephros?

A

Metanephric blastema
Ureteric bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What develops from the metanephric blastema?

A

Excretory parts

Bowman’s capsule
PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What develops from the ureteric bud?

A

Collecting parts

Collecting duct
Minor and major calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the collecting part develop?

A

Subsequent branching from renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does the collecting part develop?

A

Subsequent branching from renal pelvis

First branches - major calyces
2nd-4th branches - minor calyces
5th+ - collecting tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the precursors of nephrons?

A

Renal vesicls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When does tubular function in the metanephros begin?

A

Week 10

22
Q

When does reabsorption of filtrate begin in the loop of Henle begin?

A

Wk 13

23
Q

What mainly contributes to the increase in kidney size after birth?

A

Elongation of PCT
Increase interstitial tissue

24
Q

What is the branching of the ureteric bud dependent on?

A

Induction by the metanephric mesenchyme

25
Q

What does differentiation of the nephrons depend on?

A

Induction by the collecting tubules

26
Q

What is needed for reciprocal induction?

A

WT1 - transcription factor
Makes the metanephric mesoderm competent to respond

27
Q

What contributes to the ascent of the kidneys?

A

Diminution of the fetal curvature
Growth of body wall caudal to developing kidney

28
Q

When do kidneys reach their adult position?

A

Wk 9

29
Q

What is the normal rotation of the kidneys during development?

A

Hilum starts of ventrally
Kidneys rotate medially as they ascend
Hilum then faces anteromedially

30
Q

What causes Potter sequence?

A

Prolonged period of oligohydramnios causing fetal compression

31
Q

What are the physical abnormalities associated with Potter sequence?

A

Flattened nose
Low-set ears
Recessed chin
Limb deformities

32
Q

What causes multicystic dysplastic kidney?

A

Ureteric bud does not develop so their is fluid buildup in the kidneys leading to numerous renal cysts

Non-inheritable genetic abnormality

33
Q

What prevents the normal ascent in horseshoe kidney?

A

Inferior mesenteric A

34
Q

What is a complication of accessory renal A?

A

Can obstruct ureter

35
Q

What results in duplications of abdominal part of ureter and renal pelvis?

A

Abnormal division of the ureteric bud

36
Q

What is an ectopic ureter?

A

Duplicated ureter that does not join distally and instead enters the bladder in a separate location

37
Q

What are the divisions of cloaca?

A

Urogenital sinus
Primitive rectum

38
Q

What divides the cloaca?

A

Urorectal septum

39
Q

What are the divisions of the urogenital sinus?

A

Vesicourethral canal
Definitive urogenital sinus

40
Q

What germ layer gives rise to the mucosa of the bladder?

A

Endoderm

41
Q

What develops into the mucosa of the trigone within the bladder?

A

Absorption of the mesonephric ducts - mesoderm

42
Q

What gives rise to the musculature of the bladder?

A

Splanchnopleuric layer of lateral plate mesoderm

43
Q

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic part
Membranous part
Spongy part

44
Q

What gives rise to the prostatic urethra above the ejaculatory duct?

A

Ventral wall from endoderm of vesicourethral canal
Dorsal wall from mesonephric ducts - mesoderm

45
Q

What gives rise to the prostatic urethra below the ejaculatory duct?

A

Endoderm of the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus

46
Q

What gives rise to the membranous urethra?

A

Endoderm of pelvic segment of urogenital sinus

47
Q

What gives rise to the spongy urethra?

A

Endoderm of phallic segment of urogenital sinus

48
Q

What gives rise to the small part of the urethra within the glans penis?

A

Ectodermal groove

49
Q

What gives rise to the entire urethra in females?

A

From the vesico-urethral part of endodermal cloaca

50
Q

What can cause posterior urethral valve?

A

Oligohydramnios
Erroneous integration of mesonephric ducts

51
Q

What are signs of a posterior urethral valve?

A

Hydronephrosis
Hypertrophy of bladder
Vesicoureteral reflux
Infections

Renal I (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions