Embryology

Question 1

fistula

Answer 1

surgically created passage between an artery and a vein

Question 2

What is Preeclampsia

Answer 2

Hypertensive disorder that occurs later in pregnancy (after 20 wks) in women whose BP has been normal.

associated with premature birth and slow fetal growth

Question 3

When is the most sensitive time after conception for the development of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

3.5-6.5 weeks post-conception

time frame when the heart tubes fuses all the way to just after the aortic arches forming

Question 4

What is the earliest gestational age a infant is expected to survive?

Answer 4

23-24 Weeks

24 weeks the lungs are slightly more than just buds.
Lungs are the last organ to develope

Question 5

Name the parts of the Cardiac Tube

Answer 5

Question 6

When does the heart tubes form and move to one another

Answer 6

~day 19

Question 7

When is the primitive heart tube formed?
What starts to happen?

Answer 7

day 22
blood begins to circulate, and the heart begins to beat

Question 8

Umbilical veins return

Answer 8

returns oxygenated blood from the placenta to fetus

Question 9

vitelline veins return blood

Answer 9

carry blood from the yolk sac to the developing embryo supplying it with nourishments

Question 10

Cardinal veins return blood

Answer 10

Collect deoxygenated blood from the fetus and deliver it to the heart

venous system, eventually turn into the SVC and IVC

Question 11

Right Cardinal veins eventually become the

Answer 11

Right SVC

Question 12

Right Vitelline veins eventually become

Answer 12

IVC

Question 13

Left horn of the sinus venosus forms the

Answer 13

coronary sinus

All three left sinus venosus veins fuse to form coronary sinus

Question 14

Endocardial cushion develops at day

Answer 14

32

forming right and left AVcanal

“dog bone”

Question 15

IAS is formed at day

Answer 15

33

Question 16

What happens at the 6th week?

Answer 16

6 paired aortic arches

~day 42

Question 17

What does the third aortic arch form?

Answer 17

common carotid and proximal internal carotid artery

Question 18

What does the fourth paired aortic arches form?

left and right pairs?

Answer 18

left 4th arch becomes the aortic arch
right 4th arch becomes the right subclavian

Question 19

What does the sixth paired aortic arches form?

Answer 19

left becomes the left pulmonary artery
right becomes the right pulmonary artery
And the ligament arteriosum

Question 20

What week is the IVS formed?

Answer 20

7th week

Question 21

By the ___ week, septation occurs and the truncus arteriosus, and bulbus cordis divide to complete formation of the outflow tracts

Answer 21

8th week

Question 22

Normal embryology looping is
-during what week does this occur

Answer 22

D-looping- anterior & rightward RV
4th week

“Dextro” rightward looping
“S” shape

Question 23

L-Looping is

Answer 23

ventricle inversion

Question 24

primum septum begins to form around

Answer 24

day 25-28
when the cardiac looping begins

Question 25

The sinus venosus of the heart tube will form the

Answer 25

common cardinal Vitellius umbilical veins ## Footnote Eventually will become part of the RA wall and develope into the coronary sinus and form the IVC and SVC

Question 26

The primitive atrium of the heart tube will form the

Answer 26

right and left atria

Question 27

The primitive ventricle of the heart tube will form the

Answer 27

left ventricle

Question 28

The bulbus cordis of the heart tube will form

Answer 28

right ventricle smooth portion of the conus, RVOT LVOT

Question 29

The truncus arteriosus of the heart tube will form into the

Answer 29

aortic and pulmonary trunks

Question 30

Fusion of the Endocardial cushion divides the common atrioventricular opening into

Answer 30

right (tricuspid) and left (mitral) atrioventricular canals, separating primitive atrium and ventricle

Question 31

the outflow tract (bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus) begins as a

Answer 31

single tube connecting the ventricles. Two spiral ridges within the tract form a aorticopulmonary septum then eventually creating the semilunar valves.

Question 32

What week is the fetal heart and vascular formation complete?

Answer 32

8th week

Question 33

Shunts in fetus are what direction

Answer 33

Right to left

Question 34

How does oxygenated blood return to the heart in fetal life?

Answer 34

from the placenta via the umbilical vein through the ductus venosus into the IVC

Question 35

How does the fetal blood return back to the placenta where oxygenation occurs?

Answer 35

most of the blood in the DAO travels through the umbilical arteries back to the placenta where oxygenation will occur. The rest of the blood will actually travel to the lower extremities

Question 36

With the first breath what happens

Answer 36

Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases | Lungs inflate, pressures drop

Question 37

Because saturations are lower in a fetus vs a infant, a fetus can

Answer 37

survive almost any complex congenital defect

Question 38

In a normal 40 week gestation infant a PDA and PFO usually closes within

Answer 38

a few hours or couple days

Question 39

PFO should be completely sealed and closed off by

Answer 39

6 months of life

Question 40

What is the Cardiac crux

Answer 40

is where the atria and ventricles connect

Question 41

The term concordant means

Answer 41

normal sequential relationship between the heart chambers, valves and great vessels

Question 42

The term discordance means

Answer 42

abnormal sequential relationship between the heart chambers, valves and great vessels

Question 43

Persistence pulmonary hypertension of a newborn (PPHN) is characterized by

Answer 43

* right to left shunting * hypoxia * decreased O2 * metabolic acidosis

Question 44

Skeletal system of the heart includes

Answer 44

fibro-annular valve rings

Question 45

The right pulmonary artery sits directly above the

Answer 45

left atrium | Think about crab view

Question 46

Using your hands to determine ventricle looping, what does the thumb represent? What does the pointer finger represent?

Answer 46

Thumb– Tricuspid valve Pointer finger– Outflow tract