Embryology Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Paraxial mesoderm
A
Somites:
Muscle, cartilage and bone, subcutaneous tissue of skin
2
Q
Intermediate mesoderm
A
Urogential system (kidney, gonads, duct systems)
3
Q
Lateral mesoderm (somatic layer)
A
Future body wall (parietal)
4
Q
Lateral mesoderm (splanchic layer)
A
Circulatory system
Connective tissue of organs
Muscle connective tissue of peritoneal gut wall
5
Q
Endoderm
A
Epithelial of GI, resp, urinary tract, tympanic cavity, auditory tube
Parenchyma of thyroid, parathyroid, liver, pancreas
6
Q
16 cell stage is called a
A
Morula
7
Q
Day of implantation
A
Day 7
8
Q
By 3rd/4th day it is a
A
Blastocyst
9
Q
5 things from ectoderm
A
CNS PNS Skin, hair, nails Teeth Pituitary, mammary, sweat glands Sensory epithelium nose, ear, eye
10
Q
Blastocysts goes to
A
Embryoblast and trophoblast
11
Q
Embryoblast goes to
A
Epiblast and hypoblast
12
Q
Gastrulation
A
Bilaminar to trilaminar disc
13
Q
What causes heart to lie on the left
A
Nodal, moved left by ciliary movement
14
Q
3 mains stages of cardia embryology
A
Primitive heart tubes
Cardiac looping (nodal)
Septation
15
Q
Day you get heard beat
A
Day 22
16
Q
Which aortic arches regress
A
1,2,5
17
Q
1st aortic arch regresses to
A
Part of maxillary artery
18
Q
2nd aortic arch regression
A
Stapedial artery
19
Q
3rd aortic arch
A
L/R common, internal and external carotid
20
Q
4th AA L
A
Part of aortic arch
21
Q
4th AA R
A
Part of R subclavian
22
Q
6th AA R
A
R pulmonary artery
23
Q
6th AA L
A
Ductus arteriosus
24
Q
7th AA segment L
A
L subclavian
25
7th AA segment R
R subclavian artery
26
Dorsal aorta gives rise to
L descending thoracic aorta
| R part R subclavian artery
27
Alveolarisation stages
1. 24w - birth simple
| 2. Birth - 3/5yrs complex
28
Connects pulmonary artery to proximal descending aorta and become ligamentum arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus
29
Shunts blood from L umbilical vein to IVC so oxygen blood can bypass liver
Ductus venosus (becomes ligamentum venosum)
30
Carries oxygen blood form placenta to foetus
Umbilical vein
31
Allows blood to go from RA-LA to bypass lungs
Foramen ovale (becomes fossa ovalis)
32
4 stages of lung formation
Pseudo glandular (terminal bronchioles and angiogenesis)
Canalicular (resp bronchioles)
Terminal sac
Alveolar (mature - increase number and complexity)
33
Pharyngeal arches are made of
Mesoderm
34
Pharyngeal pouches are made of
Endoderm
35
Pharyngeal clefts are made of
Ectoderm
36
Pharyngeal arch nerves
1. V2, V3
2. VII
3. IX
4. X - superior vagus
6. X - recurrent laryngeal
37
Pharyngeal clefts
1. External auditory meatus
| 2/3/4. Cervical sinus
38
Pharyngeal pouches
1. Middle ear, auditory tube
2. Palatine tonsil
3. Thymus and inferior parathyroid
4. Thyroid and superior parathyroid
39
Pharyngeal arteries
1. Maxillary
2. Hyoid, stapedial
3. Common and internal carotid
4. Arch of aorta, R sub clav, pul sprouts
6. Ductus arteriosus, definitive pulmonaries
40
Connective tissues pharyngeal arches
1. Maxilla, mandible, malleus, incus
2. Stapes, styloid process, hyoid ()
4. thyroid cartilage
6. Cricoid cartilage
41
Muscles of the pharyngeal arches
1. Mastication, mylohyoid, ant. digastric, tensor tympani & veli palatini
2. Facial expression, post. digastric, stapedius, stylohyoid
3. Stylopharyngeus
4. Pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
6. Intron is muscles of the larynx
42
2 organs that start intraperitoneal and move to retro
Duodenum (bar 1st part) and pancreas
43
5 stages of midgut development
```
Elongation
Umbilical herniation
Rotation (270 anticlockwise)
Retraction (herniated loop returns)
Fixation (loss dorsal mesentary)
```
44
In rotation of the midgut what angles are turned
90 herniation
| 180 return of that loop to abdominal cavity
45
Retro peritoneal organs
```
S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
A: aorta/IVC
D: duodenum (second and third part)
P: pancreas (except tail)
U: ureters
C: colon (ascending and descending)
K: kidneys
E: (o)esophagus
R: rectum
```
46
Where is liver bud from
Endodermal foregut
47
Kupffer cells, hematopoietic cells and CT in liver is from
Mesoderm
48
Pancreas is from
Endoderm
49
What part of pancreas lies behind SMA
Uncinate process
50
Ventral pancreatic bud forms
Uncinate process and inf. head
51
Dorsal pancreatic bud forms
Superior head, body and tail
52
Pancreatic bud fusing
Ventral shifted dorsally and fuses with dorsal bud
53
Part of the Hindgut that are extraperitoneal
Anal canal and rectum
54
Upper 2/3 anal canal are from
Endoderm
55
Lower 1/3 anal canal is from
ectoderm
56
Pectinate line
Simple columnar to stratified squamous non K in anal canal
57
What sits on pectinate line
Anal columns
58
Prectinate line is a remnant of
Proctoderm
59
Cephalic limb of midgut
The Cephalic limb of the primary loop Þ distal duodenum, jejunum, and some ileum
60
Caudal limb of the midgut
The Caudal limb of the primary loop Þ lower ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and 2/3rds of the transverse colon.
61
Blood supply to rectum
Upper 2/3 superior rectal artery (IMA)
| Lower 1/3 inferior rectal artery (inf. pudendal)
62
What separates cloaca
Invagination of mesoderm
63
Cloaca origin
Endoderm covered by ectoderm
64
3 embryological kidneys
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metabephros
65
What happens to mesonephros
Females degenerates
| Males kept
66
Parts of Metanephros (x2)
Metanephric blastema - excretory units
| Uretic bud - ureter and collecting system
67
Origin or uretic bud
Mesonephic duct
68
What does urogential sinus form
Bladder and uterus
69
Origin of prostate
Urethra - endoderm
| CT and muscle - mesoderm
70
What is an outgrowth of mesonephric duct
Ureters
71
Genital organs come from
Intermediate mesoderm
72
What migrated from Epiblast to genital ridge
Primordial germ cells
73
Male genital system origin
Mesonephric ducts (wolfian) and mesonephric caudal tubules
74
Female genital system origin
Paramesonephric duct (mullarian)
75
What hormone influences penis and scrotum development
Testosterone from testis
76
Which week is sex determination
Week 7 (presence of SRY)
77
When do meduallary cords in males become canalised
Puberty
78
3 cells in testis
Primordial
Sertoli
Leydig
79
What forms lower part of vagina
Urogential sinus
80
What hormone is essential in female development
Oestrogen
81
What forms when the urogenital sinus and mullarian ducts meet
2 sinovaginal bulbs form
82
Where did the urogenital sinus and mullarian ducts meet
Mullarian tubercle and vaginal plate form
83
Labia minors formed from
Urethral folds
84
Labia Majorca formed from
Genital swellings
85
Primary heart field
RA, LA, LV
86
Secondary heart field
RV and outflow tract
