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Anatomy Quiz 4 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does the gut tube form?

A

During lateral and longitudinal folding

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2
Q

What are the 3 regions formed from the gut tube?

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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3
Q

Where does the oropharyngeal membrane located?

A

Foregut

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4
Q

What region of the gut tube does the yolk sac remained connected to?

A

Midgut

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5
Q

Which region of the gut tube is the cloacal membrane?

A

Hindgut

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6
Q

What is the allantois?

A

Diverticulum from the hindgut that bulges into the connecting stalk

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7
Q

What is the gut tube surrounded by?

A

Visceral lateral plate mesoderm

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8
Q

What structures will the gut tube eventually form?

A

Epithelial lining of guts and organs

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9
Q

What does the visceral lateral plate mesoderm surrounding gut tube eventually form?

A

Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Visceral peritoneum

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10
Q

True or False. Initially the gut tube is disconnected from the dorsal body wall.

A

False. It is connected by the dorsal mesentery

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11
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

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12
Q

True or False. Dorsal mesentery is just 2 layers of peritoneum.

A

False. It is, but there are vessels and nerves running between the layers as well.

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13
Q

Which regions of the gut does the dorsal mesentery remain in?

A

All 3: foregut, midgut, hindgut

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14
Q

What portion of the gut tube does the ventral mesentery form from?

A

Foregut

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15
Q

What structure forms the ventral mesentery?

A

Septum Transversum

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16
Q

What two structures form from the ventral mesentery?

A

Lesser omentum

Falciform ligament

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17
Q

Dorsal mesentery connects what to what?

A

Gut tube to dorsal wall

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18
Q

Intraperitoneal organs are:

A

Suspended in the abdominal cavity by a mesentery

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19
Q

True or False. Retroperitoneal organs are not covered by peritoneum.

A

False. They have peritoneum on their anterior surface only

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20
Q

What is the difference between a primarily and secondarily retroperitoneal organ?

A

Primarily- was never enclosed by a mesentery

Secondarily- was at one point enclosed by mesentery

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21
Q

True or False. The esophagus is entirely intraperitoneal.

A

False. The thoracic esophagus is retroperitoneal but the abdominal esophagus is intraperitoneal.

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22
Q

True or False. The entire colon is intraperitoneal.

A

False. The transverse and sigmoid colons are intraperitoneal but the ascending and descending colons are secondarily retroperitoneal.

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23
Q

What 4 structures are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Pancreas
Duodenum
Ascending colon
Descending colon

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24
Q

The aorta and IVC are intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Primarily retroperitoneal

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25
Q

The rectum is intra or retroperitoneal?

A

Subperitoneal

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26
Q

Which arteries supply the foregut?

A

Celiac Trunk

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27
Q

Which artery supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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28
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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29
Q

What nerves innervate the foregut? Where do they originate and which ganglion are they associated with?

A

Greater splanchnic
T5-T9
Celiac ganglion

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30
Q

What nerves innervate the midgut? Where do they originate and which ganglion are they associated with?

A

Lesser and least splanchnic
T10-T12
Superior mesenteric ganglion

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31
Q

What nerves innervate the hindgut? Where do they originate and which ganglion are they associated with?

A

Lumbar splanchnics
L1-L2
Inferior mesenteric ganglion

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32
Q

Which parasympathetic nerve supplies the foregut?

A

Vagus

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33
Q

Which parasympathetic nerve supplies the midgut?

A

Vagus

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34
Q

Which parasympathetic nerve supplies the hindgut?

A

Pelvic splanchnics

S2-S4

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35
Q

Which gut tube forms pharynx?

A

Foregut

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36
Q

Which gut tube forms the lower respiratory system?

A

Foregut

37
Q

Which gut tube forms esophagus?

A

Foregut

38
Q

Which gut tube forms stomach?

A

Foregut

39
Q

Which gut tube forms proximal 1/3 duodenum?

A

Foregut

40
Q

Which gut tube forms liver?

A

Foregut

41
Q

Which gut tube forms galbladder?

A

Foregut

42
Q

Which gut tube forms pancreas?

A

Foregut

43
Q

What structure does the stomach bud off from?

A

Caudal foregut

44
Q

What forms the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Dorsal border of foregut

45
Q

What forms the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Ventral border of caudal foregut

46
Q

The right and left vagus nerves form what?

A

Right- posterior vagal trunk

Left- anterior vagal trunk

47
Q

Where does the fundus of the stomach move during rotation?

A

Left and inferiorly

48
Q

Where does the pyloris of the stomach move during rotation?

A

Right and superiorly

49
Q

The spaces within the peritoneal cavity develop from which 2 events?

A

Stomach rotation

Formation of greater and lesser omentum

50
Q

Which germ layer forms the spleen?

A

Mesoderm

51
Q

From what does the spleen form?

A

Dorsal mesentery of stomach

52
Q

Where does the liver develop?

A

In the ventral mesentery

53
Q

Development of the liver separates which 2 structures?

A

Falciform ligament

Lesser omentum

54
Q

Where does the stomach develop?

A

Dorsal mesentery

55
Q

Development of the stomach splits the dorsal mesentery into which 2 structures?

A

Splenorenal ligament

Gastrosplenic ligament

56
Q

Where does the lesser sac form?

A

Posterior to stomach

57
Q

From what do the greater and lesser omenta form?

A

Greater- dorsal mesentery

Lesser- ventral mesentery

58
Q

During what event does the duodenum form?

A

Stomach rotation

59
Q

What part of the duodenum forms from the foregut?

A

Proximal 1/3

60
Q

Around what structure might you find the duodenum?

A

Head of the pancreas

61
Q

True or False. The proximal region of the duodenum is retroperitoneal.

A

True

62
Q

From which two structures does the pancreas form?

A

Ventral pancreatic bud

Dorsal pancreatic bud

63
Q

The ventral pancreatic bud forms which part of the pancreas?

A

Uncinate process

64
Q

The dorsal pancreatic bud forms which part of the pancreas?

A

Tail

65
Q

Where do the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds bud off from?

A

Ventral- bile duct/ventral mesentery

Dorsal- dorsal mesentery

66
Q

From what does the liver form?

A

Hepatic diverticulum

67
Q

The hepatic diverticulum is an outgrowth of which structure?

A

Ventral foregut

68
Q

What structure does the liver bud into?

A

Septum transversum

69
Q

From what does the gallbladder form from?

A

Bile Duct

70
Q

What part of the gut tube forms the small intestine (except 1st and 2nd part of duodenum)?

A

Midgut

71
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms cecum?

A

Midgut

72
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms appendix?

A

Midgut

73
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms ascending colon?

A

Midgut

74
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms proximal 2/3 of transverse colon?

A

Midgut

75
Q

The midgut loop has 2 ends:

A

Cranial and caudal

76
Q

Which structures will the cranial and caudal ends of the midgut loop eventually form?

A

Cranial- small intestine

Caudal- large intestine

77
Q

The apex of the midgut loop connects to the yolk sac via which structure?

A

Vitelline duct

78
Q

During development, which structure herniates into the umbilical cord, and why?

A

Midgut loop

Because abdominal cavity isn’t growing fast enough

79
Q

The midgut loop undergoes 2 rotations. The first is?

A

90* around superior mesenteric artery
Cranial end goes right
Caudal end goes left

80
Q

Where does the cecal bud form?

A

Caudal end of midgut loop

81
Q

The second rotation of the midgut loop is?

A

180* counterclockwise and retraction back into ab cavity
Cranial retracts first and goes left
Caudal retracts and goes right

82
Q

True or False. The vitelline duct remains after development.

A

False. It regresses and disappears after intestines have been placed.

83
Q

Which two regions of the colon are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending

Descending

84
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms the distal 1/3 of transverse colon?

A

Hindgut

85
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms descending colon?

A

Hindgut

86
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms sigmoid colon?

A

Hindgut

87
Q

Which part of the gut tube forms rectum?

A

Hindgut

88
Q

Which germ layer forms the gut tube?

A

Endoderm

Anatomy Quiz 4 (4 decks)

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