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Embryology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

produces blastomeres

Mitotic divisions

A

Week 1

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2
Q

16 cell structure at 3 days post fertilization

A

Morula

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3
Q

Cells that implant into uterine wall at day 6

A

Trophoblast

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4
Q

Form embryo of fetus and embryo blast

A

Inner mast cells

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5
Q

Trophoblast into 2 layers

A

Cytotrophoblasts

Synctiotrophoblasts

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6
Q

Produces hcg

In contact with maternal blood supply via trophoblastic lacunae

A

Synctiotrophoblast

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7
Q

Inner cell layer form new trophoblastic cells

Lines primitive yolk sac

A

Cytotrophoblast

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8
Q

Embryoblast (inner cell mast) forms 2 layers that form flat disc

A

Epiblast

Hypoblast

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9
Q

Source of all germ layers
Embryonic ectodermal tissue
Small cavity = amniotic cavity
Epiblastic cells = amino lasts

A

Epiblast layer

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10
Q

Cuboidal epithelium
Forms primitive yolk sac
Becomes endodermis tissue of yolk sac

A

Hypoblast

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11
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm divides into

A

Somatic

Splanchinic

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12
Q

Connecting stalk is future

A

Umbilical cord

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13
Q

Cytotrophoblast cells penetrate synctiotrophoblast forms

A

Primary villi

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14
Q

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm covers

A

Yolk sac

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15
Q

Secondary and tertiary villi form barrier between

A

Maternal and fetal blood by the two layers of trophoblasts

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16
Q

Week 3 beginning of

A

Morphogenesis

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17
Q

Notochord formed
3 layer disc from bilaminar disc composed of ecto- endo- meso-derm
Formation of primitive streak

A

Week 3 Gastrulation

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18
Q

Epiblast cells through primitive pit form

A

Notochordal process

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19
Q

Epiblast cells lateral primitive streak form

A

Mesoderm

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20
Q

Epiblast cells staying form

A

Ectoderm

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21
Q

Epiblast cells on primitive streak

A

Endoderm

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22
Q

Germ layers derived from

A

Eps lasting cell layer of bilaminar disc

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23
Q

Epithelial lining of respiratory system and gi tract

A

Endoderm

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24
Q 
Smooth and striated m
Skeleton
Reproductive 
Vessels
❤️
A

Mesoderm

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25
Epidermis
Surface ectoderm
26
Nervous system | Neural crest
Neuroectoderm
27
Notochord process forms
Notochordal plate
28
Structure around which vertebral column forms | Inducer of neural plate formation
Notochord
29
Living derivative of notochord is
Nucleus pulposus
30
Paraxial mesoderm + notochord =
Neural tube induction
31
Neural crest and tube from
Ectoderm
32
Induction of notochord to form
Neural plate
33
Rectangular shaped pairs of paraxial mesoderm that form on either side of notochord
Somites
34
Axial skeleton at that level and dermis connected to it
Somite
35
Body cavities develop from
Lateral plate of intraembryonic mesoderm
36
Somatic mesoderm =
Parietal
37
Splanchnic =
Visceral
38
All systems and organs develop frontera layers | Most structural defects induced
Week 3-8 Embryonic period
39
Zygote Sex determined Initiation of cell division (cleavage) 23 to 46 chromosomes
Fertilization
40
Formation of neural tube in 3rd week when notochord and paraxial mesoderm induced neuroectoderm to form neural plate
Neurulation
41
Formation of neural tube starts with
Neural fold Followed by neural tube and crest Finally neuropores close
42
Neural tube wall formed by three layers
Ependymal Mantle Marginal
43
Ependymal gives rise to
All cell types of CNS
44
Mantle thickens to form
``` Alar plate (dorsal horn) Basal plate (ventral horn) ```
45
Axons from the mantle layer form
Marginal layer
46
Neural crest =
Dorsal root ganglia | Autonomic ganglia
47
Mesenchyme =
Meninges
48
Motor control of smooth ❤️ and glands require how many neurons and what are they called
2 | Pre and post-ganglion neuron
49
How many motor neurons needed for skeletal muscle
1
50
Telencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres
51
Diencephalon
Thalamus and hypothalamus
52
Mesencephalon
Midbrain
53
Metencephalon
Pons and cerebellum
54
Myelencephalon
Medulla
55
In basal and alar plates, Gray matter organized in clusters of cell bodies called
Nuclei
56
3 flexures
Midbrain Cervical (between hindbrain and cord) Pontine (between metencephalon and myelecephalon)
57
Remnant of lumen of neural tube consisting of lateral ventricles, third and fourth ventricle, cerebral aqueduct and continuous with central canal of cord and subarachnoid space outside CNS
Ventricular system
58
Choroid plexus within ventricular system produces
Cerebrospinal fluid
59
Axial skeleton derived from
Somites
60
Somites differentiate into 2 aspects
Ventromedial | Dorsolateral
61
Ventromedial =
Sclerotome = vertebral body neural arch ribs
62
Dorsolateral =
Dermomyotome | Skin and mm
63
Notochordal process becomes notochord Vertebral body forms around notochord Nucleus pulposus left as living derivative of notochord
Notochordal stage
64
Paired sclerotome | Mesenchymal masses surround notochord and neural tube
Precartilaginous/mesenchymal stage
65
Each sclerotome differentiates into cranial loose and caudal dense cells
Resegmentation
66
Cranial loose and caudal dense cells separated by
IVD
67
Caudal part fuses with
Cranial part of subjacent sclerotome
68
By end of month 6 notochord cells replaced by what forming nucleus pulposus
Mesenchymal tissues
69
Mesenchymal cells differentiates into chondroblasts at chondrofication centers
Cartilaginous stage
70
How many primary and secondary ossification centers in each vertebrae
3 | 5
71
Deep back muscles innervated by dorsal rami
Epaxial
72
Thoracic abdominal body wall and limbs innervated by ventral rami
Hypoxial

Histology (8 decks)

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