Embryology

Question 1

Maternal Placenta

Answer 1

Decidua Basilis

Question 2

Fetal Organogenesis

Answer 2

wk 3-8

Question 3

Fetal wk 4

Answer 3

4 chamber heart, 4 limb buds develop

Question 4

Fetal wk 8

Answer 4

Fetal movement

MOVEMENT (8 letters)

Question 5

Fetal wk 10

Answer 5

Sex-specific genitalia

Question 6

Fetal Development starting at zygote

Answer 6

Zygote –> morula –> blastocyst –> inner cell mass and trophoblast

Question 7

Retina embryologic origin

Answer 7

Neural tube

Question 8

Mammary glands embryological origin

Answer 8

Surface ectoderm

Question 9

Posterior pituitary embryological origin

Answer 9

Neural Tube

Question 10

Sclarae embryology origin

Answer 10

Neural crest

Question 11

expressed at buds of limbs at ZPA (zone of polarizing activity)
-Organize anterior to posterior

Answer 11

Sonic Hedgehog Gene

Question 12

Mutation in Sonic-Hedgehog gene leads to

Answer 12

Holoproscencephaly

Question 13

Stimulates mitosis of mesoderm providing for lengthening of limbs

Answer 13

Fibroblast GF gene

Question 14

Mutation in FGF rec 3 causes

Answer 14

Achondroplasia

Question 15

Responsible for dorsal-ventral axis, produced at apical ectodermal ridge

Answer 15

Wnt-7 gene

Noses and toes (nt) same direction

Question 16

Segmental organization of embryo in craniocaudal direction, codes for transcription factors

Answer 16

HOX genes

Question 17

Retinoids acid alters what gene expression

Answer 17

HOX

Question 18

Blueprint for skeletal morphology

Answer 18

HOX gene

Question 19

Mutation in what gene causes synpolydactyly

Answer 19

HOXD-13

Question 20

Fetal components of the placenta

Answer 20

Cytotrophoblast
-Inner layer of chorionic villi
Syncytiotrophoblast
-outer layer chorionic villi: synthesizes hCG
-Lacks MHC-1 expression (limited attack from maternal immune system)

Question 21

Maternal component of placenta

Answer 21

Decidua basalis

-maternal blood in lacunae (endometrium) , large spaces around chorionic villi

Question 22

Umbilical artery is branch of which major fetal artery?

Answer 22

Internal iliac arteries (takes deoxygenated blood)

Question 23

Notochord becomes what adult structure

Answer 23

Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs

Question 24

Alar plate

Answer 24

(Dorsal) and sensory: same as SC

-located posteriorly

Question 25

Basal plate

Answer 25

(Ventral) motor | Anteriorly located

Question 26

Neural crest derivatives

Answer 26

``` Melanocytes, Menginges Aorticopulmonary septum Ganglions (enteric nerve plexus), PNS, autonomic, dorsal, root Iris (storms) CNs Chromaffin cells (Adrenal medulla) Odontoblasts/Ossicles Parafollicular (C) cells Sclerae ```

Question 27

Absent organ due to absent primordial tissue

Answer 27

A genesis

Question 28

Absent organ despit presence of primordial tissue

Answer 28

Aphasia

Question 29

Incomplete organ development, primordial tissue present

Answer 29

Hypoplasia | -ex: testicles in Kleinfelters

Question 30

Secondary breakdown of previously normal tissue or structure

Answer 30

Disruption | -ex: Amniotic band syndrome

Question 31

Extrinsic disruption, occurs after embryonic period

Answer 31

Disruption | -crowding of twins can cause

Question 32

Instrinsic disruption, occurs during embryonic period

Answer 32

Malformation (wks 3-8) irreversible

Question 33

Abnormalities result from single primary embryologic event

Answer 33

Sequence | -ex: oligohydramnios --> Potter sequence

Question 34

Anterior pituitary derived from

Answer 34

Surface ectoderm | -Rathke's pouch

Question 35

Lens of eye derived from

Answer 35

Surface ectoderm

Question 36

Parotid, sweat, and mammary glands derived from

Answer 36

Surface ectoderm

Question 37

Endocardial cushions derived from what embryologic

Answer 37

Neural crest