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Flashcards in Embryology Deck (20)
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1
Q

Which layer of the embryo does the lung bud originate from?

A

Endoderm

2
Q

Where does the lung bud come from?

A

The anterior upper part of the gut tube

3
Q

What grows together to separate the oesophagus from the trachea?

A

The tracheoesophageal ridge

4
Q

How are all respiratory congenital defects corrected?

A

Surgery

5
Q

What is the most common respiratory congenital defect?

A

A blind ending oesophagus from the mouth and a communication between the trachea and the oesophagus with the part coming from the stomach

6
Q

What is a blind ending of the oesophagus called?

A

Oesophageal atresia

7
Q

What is a communication between the trachea and the oesophagus called?

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

8
Q

At what stage do the left and right primary bronchial buds form?

A

4 weeks

9
Q

At what stage do the secondary bronchial buds form?

A

30 days

10
Q

How many secondary bronchial buds form on the right and how many form on the left?

A
Right = 3
Left = 2
11
Q

At what stage do the tertiary bronchial buds form?

A

38 days

12
Q

What forms the visceral pleura and the tissue and cartilage surrounding the lung?

A

Visceral mesoderm

13
Q

What occurs in the embryonic stage of maturation of the lungs and what is the time period?

A

Time period = 26 days- 6 weeks

Respiratory diverticulum and branching to give lungs, lobes and segments

14
Q

What occurs in the pseudoglandular stage of maturation of the lungs and what is the time period?

A

Time period = 6-16 weeks

14 more generation of branching to form tertiary bronchioles

15
Q

What occurs in the canalicular stage of maturation of the lungs and what is the time period?

A

Time period = 16-28 weeks

Branching from the terminal bronchioles to at least 2 respiratory bronchioles

16
Q

What occurs in the saccular stage of maturation of the lungs and what is the time period?

A

Time period = 28-36 weeks

Terminal sacs form and the capillaries make close contact

17
Q

What occurs in the alveolar stage of maturation of the lungs and what is the time period?

A

Time period = 36 weeks into infancy

Alvioli mature

18
Q

What type of cells produce surfactant?

A

Type 2 pneumocytes (cuboidal)

19
Q

What is the role of sufactant?

A

Reduces alviolar surface tension preventing alveolar collapse.

20
Q

Why do premature babies experience Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

A

Type 2 pneumocytes are some of the last cells to develop therefore premature babies often do not produce enough surfactant and their alvioli are prone to collapse making it difficult for them to expand their lungs fully.