Embryology

Question 1

What does the paraxial mesoderm form?

Answer 1

somites

Question 2

What does the intermediate plate mesoderm form?

Answer 2

urogenital system

Question 3

What does the lateral plate mesoderm form?

Answer 3

body coverings and cavities

Question 4

What is the allantois?

Answer 4

Outpouching of endoderm at hindgut that extends into the body stalk

Question 5

What does the body stalk form?

Answer 5

umbilical cord

Question 6

What is the cloaca?

Answer 6

single opening for urinary, reproductive and digestive system

Question 7

What divides the cloaca?

Answer 7

urorectal septum

Question 8

What is the cloaca divided into? Which is anterior and posterior?

Answer 8

urogenital sinus - A

rectum - P

Question 9

What does the mesonephric duct drain into?

Answer 9

urogenital sinus

Question 10

What does the urogenital sinus go on to form?

Answer 10

urinary bladder

urethra (caudal end)

Question 11

What week does the pronephros form?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What forms the pronephros?

Answer 12

intermediate plate mesoderm in the neck

Question 13

Name the 2 parts of the pronephros

Answer 13

rudimentary pronephric tubules

pronephric duct

Question 14

What does the pronephric duct drain into?

Answer 14

cloaca

Question 15

When does the propnephros degenerate by? What remains?

Answer 15

week 5

pronephric duct

Question 16

What forms the mesopnephros and in what week is this?

Answer 16

intermediate plate mesoderm in trunk

late week 4

Question 17

When does the mesonephros function?

Answer 17

week 5-9

Question 18

What does the pronephric duct form?

Answer 18

mesonephric duct

Question 19

What do the mesonephric tubules drain into?

Answer 19

mesonephric duct

Question 20

What is the name for the definitive kidney?

Answer 20

metanephros

Question 21

When does metanephros develop and then start to function?

Answer 21

week 5

week 9

Question 22

2 parts of metanephros

Answer 22

ureteric bud 
metanephric mesoderm (most caudal part of intermediate plate mesoderm)

Question 23

What happens to the mesonephros?

Answer 23

much incorporated into the gonads

Question 24

What migrates to form spermatogonia and oogonia?

Answer 24

undifferentiated cells from the yolk sac

Question 25

What do the mesonephric tubules form?

Answer 25

rete testis

Question 26

What does the mesonephric duct form?

Answer 26

vas deferens

Question 27

What happens to the mesonephric duct in females?

Answer 27

degenerates

Question 28

What does the ureteric bud do?

Answer 28

branch at distal end

Question 29

Stalk of ureteric bud forms?

Answer 29

ureter

Question 30

Expanded cranial end of ureteric bud forms?

Answer 30

pelvis

Question 31

first 4 branches of ureteric bud form

Answer 31

major calyces and become confluent

Question 32

What do the second 4 branches of the ureteric bud form?

Answer 32

minor calyces

Question 33

What do the remaining branches of the ureteric bud form?

Answer 33

collecting tubules

Question 34

What do the ureteric bud and metanephric duct do to eachother?

Answer 34

reciprocally induce eachother

Question 35

What comprises the nephron?

Answer 35

renal corpuscle + PCT + loop of henle + DCT

Question 36

What comprises the uriniferous tubule?

Answer 36

nephron and collecting duct

Question 37

What does the nephron develop from?

Answer 37

metanephric mesoderm

Question 38

What does the collecting duct, calyces, pelvis and ureter develop from?

Answer 38

ureteric bud

Question 39

Where do the kidneys initially lie?

Answer 39

side of bladder and developing pelvis

Question 40

Why do the kidneys ascend into abdomen?

Answer 40

differential growth of the lower body

Question 41

Where do the kidneys lie in an adult? (vertebrae level)

Answer 41

T12-L3

Question 42

Where does the hilum rotate to?

Answer 42

from ventral to medial - 90 degrees

Question 43

When does the kidneys ascent stop?

Answer 43

when they reach the adrenal glands

Question 44

Describe the kidney vascular supply on their ascent

Answer 44

segmental breakdown and reform of vascular supply