Embryology

Question 1

How does the sperm get through corona radiata?

Answer 1

1. tail of sperm disrupt cells
2. release hyaluronidase
3. tubal mucosal proteins

Question 2

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 2

2/3 of ampula , day 0

Question 3

These enzymes are required during fertilization to penetrate the Z. pellucida?

Answer 3

acrosin, esterases, neuraminidase

Question 4

What event blocks polyspermy?

Answer 4

Zona reaction?

Question 5

Why is mitochondria always maternally inherited?

Answer 5

b/c mitochondria of sperm does not go in egg

Question 6

What day the morula moves into the uterus?

Answer 6

Day 4

Question 7

Zona pellucida is gone by which day?

Answer 7

Day 7

Question 8

Difference between trophoblast cells and inner cell mass?

Answer 8

trophoblast is stem cell for placenta

inner cell mass is embryo stem cell

Question 9

What secretes hCG and where is that tissue derived from ?

Answer 9

1. synctiotrophoblast

2. trophoblast

Question 10

Hyatidiform moles are caused by abnormal proliferation of the cells that give rise to cytotrophoblast?

Answer 10

trophoblast

Question 11

What leads to choriocarinomas?

Answer 11

undetected hyatidiform mole

Question 12

Hypoblast is placeholder for ?

Answer 12

true endoderm

Question 13

EPIBLAST gives rise to ?

Answer 13

amnion, amniotic cavity, ECtoderm

Question 14

What does the prechordal plate give rise to? What is it derived from?

Answer 14

1. future mouth

2. from extra-embryonic endoderm

Question 15

Which two derivates of extra embryonic mesoderm is made up of extra embryonic somatic mesoderm?

Answer 15

1. chorion

2. connecting stalk

Question 16

Primitive blood is made up of what type of extraembryonic mesoderm?

Answer 16

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 17

What would not develop of the yolk sac failed to develop?

Answer 17

primitive blood would not form

Question 18

Where do ectopic pregnancies commonly occur?

Answer 18

Isthmus and ampulla

Question 19

Where does placenta implant for placenta previa?

Answer 19

interna os

Question 20

Placenta previa marginal?

Answer 20

close to the opening

Question 21

Placenta previa partial?

Answer 21

partially covering internal opening

Question 22

Placenta previa total?

Answer 22

covers internal os COMPLETELY

Question 23

Patients with placenta previa are susceptible to ______?

Answer 23

hemorrhage

Question 24

Both cloacal membrane and precordial plate are made up of what type of germ layers?

Answer 24

endoderm and ectoderm

Question 25

Septum transversum is made up of what type of germ layer?

Answer 25

mesoderm

Question 26

What structure develops into the diaphragm?

Answer 26

septum transversum

Question 27

What is the cause of sacral coccygeal teratoma?

Answer 27

persistence of primitive streak in the tail region of embryo

Question 28

What is the cause of oropharyngeal teratomas?

Answer 28

abnormal migration of primordial germ cells

Question 29

What is the template for the verterbral column?

Answer 29

Notochord (Mesoderm)

Question 30

What is the template for umbilical arteries and veins?

Answer 30

Allantois (endoderm)

Question 31

Lateral plate of mesoderm gives rise to?

Answer 31

rise to connective tissue

Question 32

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to ?

Answer 32

urogenital structures

Question 33

paraxial mesoderm gives rise to ?

Answer 33

muscle, skeletal, dermis

Question 34

What are the embryonic tissues?

Answer 34

the three germ layers

Question 35

Deficiency in SHH would hinder the development of what structure in week 3?

Answer 35

the neural tube / neural crest

Question 36

Somatopleure is made up of what two layers?

Answer 36

somatic mesoderm + ectoderm

Question 37

Splanchnopleure is made up of what two layers ?

Answer 37

endoderm + splanchnic layer

Question 38

Primary neurulation results in what structures?

Answer 38

LUMBAR spinal cord and brain

Question 39

Secondary neurulation results in what structures?

Answer 39

Sacral and Coccyx of spinal cord

Question 40

Spinal ganglion and schwann cells are derived from?

Answer 40

Neural CREST

Question 41

C cells of thyroid are derived from?

Answer 41

Neural CREST

Question 42

Enamel and skin pigment is derived from ?

Answer 42

Neural CREST

Question 43

What is the pathology of newborns with cleft lift palate?

Answer 43

defects from embryonic neural crest cell lineage. | NEUROCRISTOPATHY

Question 44

The veterbrae are derived from what germ layer?

Answer 44

MESODERM

Question 45

Tuft of hair seen in spina bifida occulta is derived from what germ layer?

Answer 45

Ectoderm

Question 46

Bidid spinous process and lack of motor or sensory defecits are characteristics of ?

Answer 46

spina bifida OCCULTA

Question 47

Lack of vertebral arches and bulging meninges are characteristic of ?

Answer 47

meningocele

Question 48

Frontal encepahlocele would be due to defect in closure of which neuropore?

Answer 48

Rostral

Question 49

Cervical meningocele would be due to defect in closure of which neuropore?

Answer 49

Caudal

Question 50

What is derived from the meningeal mesenchyme? What type of cells is it made up of?

Answer 50

1. Dura, arachinoid and pia mater | 2. neural crest and mesoderm

Question 51

Gonads and kidney are derived from?

Answer 51

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 52

Liver and thyroid are dervied from?

Answer 52

Entoderm

Question 53

lens of eye and skin are made from ?

Answer 53

ecdoderm

Question 54

skeletal muscle is derived from?

Answer 54

paraxial mesoderm

Question 55

connective tissue is derived from ?

Answer 55

lateral mesoderm

Question 56

spleen and blood is derived from ?

Answer 56

lateral mesoderm

Question 57

bronchi and lungs are derived from ?

Answer 57

ectoderm

Question 58

lymph is derived from ?

Answer 58

lateral mesoderm

Question 59

dermis is derived from ?

Answer 59

intermediate mesoderm

Question 60

Scleratome is the precursor for what cells ?

Answer 60

Meninx primitiva for the meninges